华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2000, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (4): 3-10, 18.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.04.001

• 历史 •    下一篇

重评明末“封建与郡县之辨”

王家范   

  • 收稿日期:2000-03-29 出版日期:2000-07-01 发布日期:2025-12-18

Reviewing the Argument concerning Feudalism and the Prefecture System in the Late Ming Dynasty

Jia-fan WANG   

  • Received:2000-03-29 Online:2000-07-01 Published:2025-12-18

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摘要：

秦统一全国为郡县, 意味着特定的中国“封建时代”体制基本终结。自秦汉以来, 中国古贤无一例外地看重“封建”与“郡县”之间的区别。关于它们之间的优劣利弊, 争论始终不断。明末有亭林、梨洲先生出, 大胆倡论“寓封建之意于郡县之中”。其主旨则为“用天下之私, 以成一人之公, 而天下治”。若将亭林、梨洲文论与西哲亚里士多德《政治学》等书对读, 就不难发现古贤因得不到类似亚氏那种政治学理念的支撑, 既撤不走政治道德化的心理屏障, 也跳不出“封建、郡县”、“公天下、私天下”固有的概念陷阱, 充分暴露中国传统学术致命的弱点, 亦即钱穆等先生批评的: “只研究治道, 不研究政体。”

关键词: 史评, 封建, 郡县, 政治学

Abstract:

Mr. Gu Yanwu and Huang Zongxi in the late Ming Dynasty advocated "manifesting feudalism in the prefecture system." Their main argument was that impartiality in society could be attained if human selfishness was properly exploited. If we compare their theory with Aristotle's Politics, we will find the weakness of the Chinese academic tradition, which only focused on the way of ruling without paying proper attention to the system of government.

Key words: historical review, feudalism, prefecture, Politics