华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2004, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (3): 82-88.

• 传播学研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

广州非典型肺炎事件中的流言传播调查*

严三九1, 徐晖明1   

  1. 1 华东师范大学 传播学系,上海 200062
    2 广州大学 新闻传播系,广东广州 510405
  • 收稿日期:2003-09-10 出版日期:2004-03-25 发布日期:2004-03-25
  • 作者简介:严三九(1965—),男,江苏常州人,华东师范大学传播学系教授|徐晖明(1970—), 男, 江西赣州人, 广州大学新闻传播系讲师

An Investigation on Rumor Spreads in Guangzhou SARS Incident

San-jiu YAN1, Hui-ming XU1   

  • Received:2003-09-10 Online:2004-03-25 Published:2004-03-25

摘要:

通过2003年3月8日至9日对广州非典型肺炎事件中的流言传播现象实施入户调查, 得出的主要结论有: 流言的传播渠道主要是人际传播中的亲身传播。流言的核心成分是真实的, 流言中的细节大都是虚假的; 二者综合作用, 造成这样一种状况, 即公众试图对这种不明疾病加以防范, 但因缺乏足够的正确信息, 无法采取正确的应对措施, 同时也引发了公众的恐慌心理。流言的真实部分得到正式渠道的证实后, 即成为“消息”, 虚假的部分被否定后, 仍以流言的形式存在或消失。流言扮演了“反权力”的角色, 即它迫使“权威”的正式渠道作出公开回应。流言发展到一定程度, 已完全成为一种破坏性力量, 正常社会生活无法继续下去, 最后, 危机促成转机, 政府和媒介开始转变态度, 对病情作了大量公开报道, “非典型肺炎事件”从最初的流言传播、公众恐慌, 转入政府部门采取积极措施进行防治的新阶段。

关键词: 非典型肺炎事件, 流言传播, 调查

Abstract:

Based on a house-to-house investigation into the rumor spread phenomenon in the SARS Incident of Guangzhou during March 8-9, 2003, our main conclusion is that the circulation channel of rumors is chiefly personal of human spreads. The core of those rumors was true, whereas most of their surface details false. The synthetic reaction of both produced such a situation in which the public sought to prevent this unknown disease, but they failed to take proper measures due to a lack of sufficient and correct information. Meanwhile, the public was seized with a panic. Once the truthful part of rumors was verified through an official channel, it became a "message". Those false parts were denied, but they still existed or disappeared in the form of rumors. The rumor played a role of "anti-power". It compelled the "authoritative" official channel to make open responses. The rumor, developing to a certain extent, already completely became a destructive force so that normal social life could not go on. At last, the crisis took a turn for the better. The government and media began to change their attitudes, making a lot of open reports about the disease. Thus, the "SARS Incident" turned to a new stage in which governmental departments took active measures for prevention.

Key words: The SARS Incident, rumor circulation, investigation

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