Abstract: Modern political theory of agonism is a result of introducing Nietzsche’s agonistic ethics to understand liberty and democracy. Nietzsche discovers the ignored ethic of agonism in ancient Greece and expounds it deeply in his Also Sprache Zarathustra. Nietzsche states that agonism and transcendence constitutes the essence of life. He builds a nation in a “benign war” for the cultivation of supermen, reconstructs agonistic ethics of friendship, and re-defines agonistic concepts of good and justice. Being aristocratic, Nietzsche’s agonistic ethics is opposite to and competitive with modern cooperative morality of common people. It aims to avoid moral banality caused by the dominance of the morality of common people. However, it is both possible and necessary for these two to reach reconciliation through competition.