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25 February 2004, Volume 36 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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A Consideration of the Theoretical Orientation and Traits of the Important Thought of "Three Represents" Wei-ping QI 2004, 36 (2):  1-7+119.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2004.02.001 Abstract ( 1173 )   HTML ( 3 )   Save The important thought of "Three Represents" is a major development of the Marxist materialist interpretation of history. It is requisite to fix a theoretical position of the important thought in the perspective of Marxist methodology and world outlook. The important thought of "Three Represents" is a unity of general and specific programs, a logical unity of historical experience and realistic demands, and a centralized expression of the Marxist theoretical character of keeping pace with the times. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Constitution and Its Guarantee of Citizens' Basic Rights De-hai JIANG 2004, 36 (2):  8-13+119.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2004.02.002 Abstract ( 1034 )   HTML ( 4 )   Save The most essential aspect of the constitution is to protect citizens' basic rights. To ensure citizens' basic rights, there is just a control of the state power and a so-called limited power government. Historically, the constitution was produced from the need of guaranteeing citizens' basic rights. Its development and maturity signifies an improvement of the guarantee of citizens' basic rights, and the qualitative and quantitative unity of the guarantee is a mark of the constitutional developmental level. Logically, the guarantee of citizens' basic rights is also a fundamental measure of all constitutional values including liberty, efficiency and order. When governing the state in accordance with the constitution and further promoting China's socialist rule by law, we should take the guarantee of citizens' basic rights as an essential starting point. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Study on Writing Techniques of Administrative Regulations Shu-fang ZHANG 2004, 36 (2):  14-20+27-120.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2004.02.003 Abstract ( 989 )   HTML ( 3 )   Save Our administrative regulations and rules, especially those related to international trade after Chin's entry into the WTO, must be made open or informed through right procedures. Those rules, however, still have many problems in their wording at present, such as involving superfluous items, surmounting limits of legislation, ways of wording lacking in standardization, and surpassing levels of legislation. Although our Regulations on the Procedure of Formulating Administrative Rules were enacted in 2001, it is still necessary to make further inquiries into the formulation of administrative rules. This article puts forward some relevant measures from such aspects as the way of control, due orientation, rules of formulation, and social participation in the process of formulating administrative rules. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Formulation and Features of the Act of Freedom of Information in Canada——A Concurrent Study of Its Revelations on Our Country's Legislation Xin HUANG 2004, 36 (2):  21-27+120.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2004.02.004 Abstract ( 1219 )   HTML ( 3 )   Save Canada is one of the countries in which the Act of Open Information has been enacted. The Canadian people have a right, according to law, to ask for their government to open public policy information to them. Canadians, actually, have had their long and hard stories in struggling for opening information, but now Canada has become advanced in opening information in the world from a typically conservative and conventional country. The case is not only helpful for us to understand Canadian changes in government policies, public opinion and media when formulating the Act, but also very useful for our reference when we are to set up a Chinese system of opening information. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Lack of Collective Consciousness in Chinese Religions Chun WU 2004, 36 (2):  28-33+120.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2004.02.005 Abstract ( 1266 )   HTML ( 9 )   Save According to Durkheim, the collective life in religion and the collective consciousness and mind based on it are very important. In essence, the religious life is a collective life, which means the interval between religious gatherings should not be too long. The reason why the regular collective life should be maintained lies in that there is fundamentally a demand of keeping religious morals and ideals. Chinese religions, however, are obviously short of collective consciousness and spirit. Neither Taoists nor Buddhists have a strictly fixed collective life. Moreover, polytheism crumbles such a possibility indeed. Furthermore, owing to a lack of encouragement under higher aims in the collective life, Chinese religions are simply satisfied with utilities without a pursuit of morality and ideal. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Therapeutic Value of Buddhist Philosophy to the Predicament of Modernity Zhong-mao TANG 2004, 36 (2):  34-40+120-121.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2004.02.006 Abstract ( 1408 )   HTML ( 6 )   Save Facing problems and awkward predicaments of modernity, there are philosophical reflections and criticisms as well in the tradition of Buddhist thoughts. To the dilemma of Western modernity, Buddhism advances a series of critical solutions based on its own "rationality". Their core is to reveal that the so-called Western "modern ego" is only an illusion and the modern Western rationality itself should be "disenchanted" as well, thus realizing a kind of true ego and freedom and presenting a meaningful world. The dialogue between Buddhism and modernity presents a confronting tension. On the one hand those Buddhist thinkers are attracted by the Western enlightenment movement that achieved a number of accomplishments in science and democracy; on the other, some of them are much concerned about the crisis and illusion of modernity. It is such a conflict or tension that may be helpful to build a kind of modernity based on Chinese own traditions and to solve problems on modernity confronted by modern people. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Research on the Origin and Structure of Malimasha Characters Yuan-lu WANG 2004, 36 (2):  41-49+121.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2004.02.007 Abstract ( 1409 )   HTML ( 6 )   Save Malimasha is a kind of ancient minority characters merely used by about 100 people in Tacheng Town, Weixi County, Yunnan Province. According to its motivation, its origin and formation can be elucidated. Malimasha is not a branch generally acknowledged by some scholars, but rather a variable of Naxi writing. Only a few Malimasha characters were created by the local Naxi people, which mainly belong to pictographic or self-explanatory characters, and no pictophonetic characters have been found. Moreover, just a very few characters came from Chinese or Tibetan characters. Such an elucidation may have a reference value to the issue of loanwords in the study of character spread. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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To Comment on a Novel Structure by Means of the Argumentation Writing Style——One Essential Feature in Jin Shengtan's Commentaries on Novels Ran-ran WANG 2004, 36 (2):  50-56+121.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2004.02.008 Abstract ( 4273 )   HTML ( 441 )   Save Scholars under the Qing Dynasty gave high praises on the Ming-Qing novel structure, but later scholars not. The analysis of their differences may expose an important feature of Jin Shengtan's comments on novels, namely, commenting on a novel structure in the writing style of argumentation. In his work, Collected Ancient Articles for Talented Scholars, Jin mainly chose and commented those argumentative articles, paying little attention to their narrative devices. Similarly, Jin Shengtan used to neglect narration in novels and tended to comment on the novel structure with tactics of argumentation. Owing to such an essential feature, it is fundamentally wrong to use Western or modern ideas of narration to explore Jin Shengtan's structural criticisms. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Six First-rate Prosaists of the Song Dynasty and Their Common Sense of "Human Feelings" Xiao-fen CHEN 2004, 36 (2):  57-63+121-122.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2004.02.009 Abstract ( 1013 )   HTML ( 3 )   Save A common sense of "human feelings" is consciously contained in writings of the six first-rate prosaists of the Song Dynasty. Derived from The Book of Rites, the idea of "human feelings" is greatly enriched by the six famous prosaists in their thoughts and works. In their eyes, "feelings" can be regarded as the essential property of human beings, and a concrete and ordinary existence reveals the fundamental significance of human life. As a result, their writings are full of a kind of intellectual and cognitive enjoyment that is embodied in their idea of human feelings, which becomes an inner force to push their prosaic orientation forward and form their unique prosaic style. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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An Exploration of Wang Guowei's Theory of "Academic Independence"——A Concurrent Discussion with Mr. Du Wei Ying-xin XU 2004, 36 (2):  64-69+122.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2004.02.010 Abstract ( 1084 )   HTML ( 2 )   Save In view of some misunderstandings of Wang Guowei's theory of "academic independence", this paper points out that the deep implication of Wang's idea of "academic independence" lies in his rejecting a "non-academic" tendency that stresses superiority of value judgments in scholastic studies. Through an analysis of Wang's understanding of "academic", this paper tries to expound the mission of Wang's theory of "academic independence" from three angles of learning independence, scholar independence and method independence, and shows its significance on Chinese modern academic enlightenment and on reality. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Inner Construction of Bloch's "Hope Aesthetics" Feng WANG 2004, 36 (2):  70-76+122.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2004.02.011 Abstract ( 989 )   HTML ( 4 )   Save There are two aspects in the inner construction of Bloch's "hope aesthetics". One is a wish at the level of inner instinct, and the other an anticipation at the level of utopia. The hope, viewed from temporality, is a utopia that is open to the future. Futurity, on the level of inner instinct, is a basic starting point to discover the inherent and inevitable tendency of utopia from an angle of human nature. Art is a bridge between present and future, and a specific function of anticipation. The realization of anticipation needs an enterprising and optimistic position. In the process of its fullness, attention tends to constantly change its forging orientation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Making of the Christian Era System and Christian Historiography Hai-liang GUO 2004, 36 (2):  77-123.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2004.02.012 Abstract ( 1152 )   HTML ( 3 )   Save The system of the Christian Era consists of "Christian Era"and "Before the Christian Era".It went through more than 1000 years from its initial establishment to final accomplishment and accompanied a course of the rise and fall of Christian History. As a unique way of numbering the years that could best embody characteristics of Christian History, the Christian Era was put forward with an enhancement of Christians' "consciousness", and was set up in the wake of maturity of Christian History. The "Before the Christian Era" was put forth and popularized as an auxiliary means when Christian History's chronological system had bogged down more deeply in crises. It hastened the decline of Christian History though it made the way of numbering historical years convenient and promoted studies of ancient history. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Historical Reflection on the Disintegration of Jiangsu and Zhejiang's Rural Social System in the Late 1940s Jian-bo DONG, Xue-chang LI 2004, 36 (2):  85-90+123.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2004.02.013 Abstract ( 1036 )   HTML ( 3 )   Save All kinds of social conflicts in the rural area of Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces reached an apex in the late 1940s. The economic collapse intensified not only the confliction between various social strata but also the antagonism between rural society and state power. Facing the absence of elites in rural society, the failure in reconstruction of the local administrative system organized on a household's basis, and the power expansion of local despotic landlords and small-scale separatist regimes, the state power had to resort to military violence more frequently. However, all the state power's efforts failed to achieve an effective consolidation of rural societies and to hold back the disintegration of the social system in rural areas. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Small Sword Society Uprising and the Changing Tendency of Migration in Shanghai's Modern Times Guo-lin LI 2004, 36 (2):  91-96+123.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2004.02.014 Abstract ( 1342 )   HTML ( 9 )   Save The migration is an inevitable social phenomenon in a city's development, and has its own changing tendency. The early settlers in Shanghai in modern times were mainly from Fujian and Guangdong provinces. However, they were soon replaced by those from Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. The occurrence of such a change was closely related to the Small Sword Society uprising. It gave a fatal blow to the development of former settlers. As a result, they had to change their immigration route and then went to some countries south beyond the South China Sea as a better choice. Relying on their advantages in geography, customs and business, those from Jiangsu and Zhejiang became a major part of migrants in Shanghai. Meanwhile, the Small Sword Society uprising brought about changes of Shanghai's concession structure from separate to mixing residence of Chinese and foreigners. It also brought about a development of the concession, thus making Shanghai a chief gathering city for migrants and quickening the speed of migration to Shanghai. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Development of Shanghai's Modern Public Traffic Viewed from the Rickshaw Guo-sheng QIU 2004, 36 (2):  97-103+124.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2004.02.015 Abstract ( 1202 )   HTML ( 8 )   Save The rickshaw, which was introduced into Shanghai in 1874, in a degree, went beyond those old fashioned conveyances such as a sedan chair and the like, owing to its mechanic structure with cheap, quick, convenient and laborsaving features, thus improving the urban public traffic greatly. Though its special advantages made it still play a part in Shanghai's public traffic even after the introduction of automotive motorized vehicles, its abolishment was a necessity of history, since it was just a kind of vehicle that was dragged by manpower. However, the abolishment of rickshaw was destined to go through a hard course under a distinct social background of modern Shanghai. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Policy of Exchange Rate as Sovereignty and Its International Coordination Lian-shi ZHOU 2004, 36 (2):  104-110+124.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2004.02.016 Abstract ( 1147 )   HTML ( 1 )   Save Each country has its sovereignty to apply the exchange rate policy, which is widely used to adjust macro economy nowadays. In Japan and Korea, their governments had made their national currencies depreciated greatly so as to develop their economy at a high speed. The tendency of economic globalization, however, requires the international society to coordinate the exchange rate policy in order to stabilize world economy and promote international trade. The public opinion in favor of an appreciation of RMB indicates that the international coordination has extended from developed to developing countries. This is an important turning point. The existing coordination system of the international exchange rate policy has revealed its own limitations, and new international rules are required. The main trend of the international exchange rate policy is to set up an international organization and a general agreement for the exchange rate policy on the basis of equality. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Deposit < Loan Cost Constraint and the Credit Channel Transmission of Monetary Policy Xian-cang FANG 2004, 36 (2):  111-118+124.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2004.02.017 Abstract ( 1256 )   HTML ( 1 )   Save Owing to the risk aversion (hard credit risk constraint) and deposit preference of state-owned commercial banks, their credit supply is not sufficient, deposit demand is too big, and balance of their deposits to loans is enlarging. As a result, the transmission mechanism of credit channel of our country's monetary policy is not smooth under a condition of interest rate control. We should improve transmission mechanisms of the credit channel. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics