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25 November 2003, Volume 35 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Three Types of Universalism in International Politics——A Comparison of Rawls' and Habermas' International Theories after the Iraq War Shi-jun TONG 2003, 35 (6):  1-11, 118.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2003.06.001 Abstract ( 2 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1337KB) ( 1 )   Save Three are some parallels between Jurgen Habermas' recent criticisms at the notion of "liberal nationalism" in the context of the U. S. global strategy and at John Rawls' basic theoretical design of justice. Does this mean that Rawls' position of international issues is close to liberal nationalism or that Habermas' criticism of Rawls is ill founded, at least not fits to Rawls' international political theory? This paper gives a negative answer to the both questions, and argues that the reason lies in that Rawls's political theory as a kind of "universalism of virtual dialogue" intermediates between liberal nationalistic "monologic universalism" and Habermas' "dialogic universalism". References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Scientific Rationality and Liberalism Ke-jian CHEN 2003, 35 (6):  12-20, 118.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2003.06.002 Abstract ( 0 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1200KB) ( 1 )   Save Both F. A. Hayek and K. Popper are important and famous liberals in the twentieth century. Though their viewpoints about scientific rationality and its relation to freedom are quite different from each other, their complementary interpretations of quantum mechanics illustrate a kind of conforma-bility between the inner spirit of science and liberalism. Starting with a complementary view, N. Bohr makes a comprehensive and precise explanation of the new epistemological situation caused by quantum mechanics. The extension of the complementary viewpoint to other cognitive areas is completely different from the spread of causal determinism that is based on Newtonian mechanics. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Looking for Another Definition of "Liberty"——Quentin Skinner's Understanding of "Liberty" Hong-tu LI 2003, 35 (6):  21-27.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2003.06.003 Abstract ( 1 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (994KB) ( 1 )   Save Since Isaiah Berlin published his book, Two Concepts of Liberty, his concept of negative liberty has been hegemony in contemporary political philosophy. Quentin Skinner criticizes Berlin's such a concept from the view point of republicanism through his careful study of two cases, namely, Machiavelli's political thought and republicans in the English Revolution. He draws a conclusion from such an act of excavation that if and only if we live as an active citizen under the condition of a free republic state, we will get civil liberty and maintain it. Thus, Professor Skinner disagrees to Thomas Hobbes' idea of no any connection between liberty and political systems, seeking to find a correct way to keep our civil liberty by establishing a connection between negative liberty and positive liberty. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Hannah Arendt's Study on the Political Significance of Thinking Yin-li WANG 2003, 35 (6):  28-33, 119.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2003.06.004 Abstract ( 2 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (859KB) ( 3 )   Save Hannah Arendt, a well-known political philosopher in the world for her reflections on a series of political problems in the twentieth century, turned to philosophy in her late years from the political realm with which she had been always concerned. In her unfinished writing, The Life of Mind, she tried to bridge the traditional gap between life of mind and life of action, formulating the intellectual basis of political activities. Moreover, she sought to give a theoretical explanation of the phenomenon: the banality of evil, illustrating why thinking had a power to refuse evils. Arendt's idea of the political significance of thinking was indebted to the two great masters of Western philosophy: Kant and Socrates. From Kant she learned what was thinking, and from Socrates she learned how to think. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Similarities and Differences between Thoughts of Maistre and Rousseau Zhi ZHANG 2003, 35 (6):  34-40.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2003.06.005 Abstract ( 2 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1083KB) ( 0 )   Save Joseph De Maistre's thought was generally considered as diametrically opposed to Rousseau's. Their antagonistic positions, however, could not cover up their much more complicated intellectual relationship, which was apparently embodied in their theories of politics and society. As to issues such as the occurrence and development of human nature and society and the elements of maintaining a fine society, they were almost completely opposed to each other in their theoretical starting points and conclusions, and Maistre delivered a strong attack against Rousseau as well. On the other hand, his views of sovereignty, legislator and role of religion were quite identical with Rousseau's. What's more, they both issued similar challenges to many basic theories of Enlightenment philosophy. Maistre's theory, in a degree, defended the nature of Rousseau's thought. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Study of Feng Qi's Theory of Concrete Truth Xiang-qing WANG 2003, 35 (6):  44-48.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2003.06.007 Abstract ( 1 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (870KB) ( 1 )   Save Claiming that the truth is concrete, Feng Qi defines the implications of concrete truth, points out the thinking mode of grasping concrete truth, formulates the formation path of concrete truth, and explores the test of concrete truth. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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From Politeia to Ochlocracy: Athenian Democracy in Writings of the Classical Greek Age Shao-xiang YAN 2003, 35 (6):  49-56, 120.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2003.06.008 Abstract ( 2 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1080KB) ( 1 )   Save The classical Greek evaluation of Athenian democracy was contradictory. Some of politicians and ordinary citizens, such as Pericles, Protagoras and Demosthenes, argued that it was democracy that caused Athens to become powerful and beautiful and therefore it was an ideal political system. After Athens' failure in the Peloponnesian War, however, some historians and philosophers such as Thucydides, Xenophon and Plato began to criticize Athenian democracy from various angles. In their opinion, it was ochlocracy with no law and rule. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Moral Nihilism and Plato's Countermeasures Shi-gong LIU 2003, 35 (6):  57-62, 120.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2003.06.009 Abstract ( 2 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (847KB) ( 1 )   Save Moral nihilism, as a kind of profound moral philosophy, issues the greatest challenge to other moral doctrines since it seeks to strip off various moral masks and present the real aspect of life. So far this is concerned, moral nihilism plays a part of antidote in the moral realm. However, its destructive role of morality cannot be neglected. If its spread is let alone, the social community will be in a danger of disintegration or disruption. In order to overcome the huge impact of such a theory, Plato contrives varied countermeasures deliberately in his Republic. So far, they still can be regarded as the best response to moral nihilism. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Consideration on the Issue of Nature and Adequacy of China's Foreign Exchange Reserves Ze-min HUANG 2003, 35 (6):  63-69, 120.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2003.06.010 Abstract ( 0 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (870KB) ( 0 )   Save China's foreign exchange reserves have drastically increased since 1994 owing to its quick economic growth and double surplus of international payment balance, and also because the foreign exchange administration system demands a compulsory sale of foreign exchanges under the working of relevant market factors. The two features distinguish China's foreign exchange reserves from Western countries'. First, China's official foreign exchange reserves include civilian foreign exchange reserves. Second, so far as their source is concerned, they have characteristics of borrowed reserves. After a comprehensive consideration of above mentioned factors and China's position in the international political structure, we cannot reach the conclusion that China's foreign exchange reserves are overmuch. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Cautious Assessment of the RMB Exchange Rate Level and Relevant Policies Xin-ru WU 2003, 35 (6):  70-77, 121.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2003.06.011 Abstract ( 0 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (841KB) ( 0 )   Save Through an examination of the exchange rate movement in recent ten years and a comparison between nominal effective exchange rate and actual exchange rate, they are shown that the RMB currency is stronger than other major currencies in their trends of exchange rate and its value is not underestimated. China's trade surplus and higher foreign exchange reserves have no necessary connection with RMB's underestimation. Moreover, it is ill founded that the currency deflation in U. S., Japan, etc., is attributable to RMB's lower exchange rate. Consequently, we should not alter the level of RMB exchange rate at random and artificially at present, but should improve our exchange control system and formation mechanisms of RMB exchange rate. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A New Perspective of the State-owned Bank's Risk Control of Non-performing Loans De-lei YE 2003, 35 (6):  78-83, 121.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2003.06.012 Abstract ( 0 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (828KB) ( 0 )   Save The non-performing loans of state-owned banks in China are virtually government debts. The total amount of government debts, however, is not so optimistic as a popular view describes. The treatment of non-performing loans should be considered seriously and urgently. In recent years some progress has been made in decreasing the bad loan ratio. But an analysis of market and specific data indicates that the risk management and solution to bad loans not only depend on banks themselves, but also on proper financial supports from government and en reforms and innovations of banking industry. As a financial requirement, the securitization of mortgage loans instead of non-performing loans should be first dealt with. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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How to Tell the Truth: The Government Information Release in the Management of an Emergent Public Security Crisis——The Second Pragmatic Analysis of the Crisis Management Fan-zhu HU 2003, 35 (6):  84-89.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2003.06.013 Abstract ( 0 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (818KB) ( 0 )   Save According to its character, the emergent public security crisis can be classified into external source and internal source. If we say that the management of a crisis of "external source", which tends to break out between countries, is a kind of "saving-face" action in the first place, then the management of a public security crisis of "internal source" is primarily a kind of " social-mobiliatiza-tion" action. Any action of social mobilization can be first considered as a speech action. In order to secure its legality and effectiveness, a basic pragmatic principle of the speech action, as social mobilization action, should be that of "telling the truth." But, it is possible in the crisis management that the audience do not think what the government "tells frankly" is "the truth." Accordingly, "how to tell the truth" becomes a problem worthy of analysis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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About The Five Rare Works in the Ming-Qing Shanghai Region Da-kang CHEN 2003, 35 (6):  90-94, 122.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2003.06.014 Abstract ( 0 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (679KB) ( 0 )   Save mere has been a long cultural tradition in Shanghai region. From the period of Three Kingdoms on, there emerged a number of outstanding or important figures in this region, who left us very abundant writings. Recently, the Institute of Chinese Classics, East China Normal University, edited and published the book, The Five Rare Works in the Ming - Qing Shanghai Region, including Records of Well - known Fingures by Li Shaowen, Hou Qiceng's Diary by Hou Qiceng, Collection of Shi Ke by Xiao Zhongsu, Essays of Song Nan by Sun Wenchuan, and Compilation of San Lue by Mao Xianglin. Most of the records in these works are unpublished precious historical materials, and most of these historical documents are original manuscripts. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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"Remarkable Novels" and "Talented Scholars' Novels"——An Explanation of the Cultural Phenomenon in the Ming-Qing History of fiction Fan TAN 2003, 35 (6):  95-102, 122.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2003.06.015 Abstract ( 0 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1103KB) ( 0 )   Save Both the "remarkable book" and "talented scholar's book" were very important critical terms in the history of Chinese fiction from the Ming Dynasty to the early Qing. They were used to refer to some excellent works in popular novels. These two terms represented then scholars' theoretical explanations and judgments of popular fiction so as to elevate its cultural taste and strengthen its scholarly character. Those scholars who had comparatively despised popular fiction might regard the terms as their affirmation of its values. Therefore, these two terms had a guiding significance to a certain degree in the development of popular fiction. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Relation between Su Shi and Qin Guan after 1091 and Relevant Issues——A Study on the Implicit Profession in the Ci Poem Treading on Grass by Qin Guan Yi CHENG 2003, 35 (6):  103-110.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2003.06.016 Abstract ( 0 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1257KB) ( 0 )   Save In the sixth year during the reign of Yuanyou under the Northern Song Dynasty, SU Shi was impeached by JIA Yi. On hearing the secret from SU Shi that he was also attached to the impeached list, QIN Guan promptly tried to seek support from relevant supervisory officials. Unfortunately, his inappropriate behavior led to the result that SU Shi and his younger brother were under a fiercer attack from their political enemies on their political conduct, and therefore the relation of QIN Guan to SU Shi underwent a subtle change. This paper argues that the latter part of QIN's well-known poem, Treading on Grass (Ta Sha Xing), composed in the spring of the fourth year during the reign of Shaosheng was most likely a circuitous profession in his days in exile to SU Shi via SU's friend HUANG Tingjian. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Hamlet in 1601: Plot and Hero Chao-qun LIANG, E ZHANG 2003, 35 (6):  111-117.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2003.06.017 Abstract ( 0 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (976KB) ( 0 )   Save To interpret the story and protagonist of Hamlet, most critics observed the play unknowingly from a perspective of modern naturalistic drama alone and came up with many unanswerable questions and mysteries. In the light of Christian culture of 1601, the play emerged as a story of a growing Christian saint. References | Related Articles | Metrics