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25 May 2001, Volume 33 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Karl Marx's Aesthetic Feelings and Social Ideal Xiao-guang LU 2001, 33 (3):  3-11, 125.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2001.03.001 Abstract ( 63 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1181KB) ( 0 )   Save Marx's social ideal has an aesthetic starting - point, that is, the essential difference between man and beast is that man creates his world according to the laws of beauty, and this fundamental point is based on his own aesthetic feelings while his social ideal is a crystallization of his aesthetic feelings under the guidance of the aspiration of human solicitude. The human solicitude pushes Marx into the social practice aiming at changing the world and into the area of theoretical researches, and this aesthetic sentiment as a potential drive is always accompanied with and immersed in his concern about human beings. The former guides Marx to tend towards history in his critique of literature and arts while the latter is distilled into a universal aesthetic idea at the same time and becomes a goal he devotes himself to. Pushing forward history means approaching aesthetics. In new historical circumstances readjusting and reorienting the two measures of aesthetics and history in literary and artistic criticisms should also be expected by Marx. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Towards Life: A Comparison between the Current Artistic Tendency and the Historical Change of Zen Buddhism Hong-xiang LI 2001, 33 (3):  12-19, 125.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2001.03.002 Abstract ( 86 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1071KB) ( 6 )   Save The process of development between modern arts and Zen Buddhism shares similarities which can be illustrated in three aspects; first, from traditional abstract theory to living practice in terms of method; secondly, from permanent value of metaphysics to present intuition in terms of target; thirdly, from substance of value to practical process in terms of content. So, modern arts and Zen enjoy a dual historic significance to life. On the one hand it magnifies human initiative, and on the other it becomes mediocre for the reason of subjective manner. By the comparison we come to a conclusion that there is an urgent need to consider how to sustain the tension between arts and real life while avoiding mediocre, how to play the function of liberation of sensation while touching on human soul, and how to keep the balance of creating freely and maintaining the artistic ideal at the same time. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cognitive and Expressive Figures of Speech Da-wei LIU 2001, 33 (3):  20-30.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2001.03.003 Abstract ( 73 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1359KB) ( 3 )   Save A linguistic method is offered here for the study of figures of speech owing to the change of cognitive relations. First of all, based on a sememe analysis, the three basic concepts are defined, that is, integrant character, possible character, and impossible character, and their inter-relations and representing forms are observed. All the figures of speech which are formed with the change of cognitive relations find expressions in language in order to accept an impossible character. There are four forms of accepting sememe; no/with distance, implicit/explicit, direct/indirect, and positive/negative. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Eastern Enlargement of the EU and Redistribution of the Structure Fund Jun FAN 2001, 33 (3):  31-37.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2001.03.004 Abstract ( 71 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (942KB) ( 4 )   Save The eastern enlargement of the European Union is an important component part of European integration, but also a costly project. After the enlargement of the EU the regional gap and cohesion there will become even more prominent. Under the condition of the EU regional policy available unchanged all Central European countries which are to join the EU will be in the status of Objection One of the Structure Fund. Meanwhile logically they will accept a support from the Cohesion Fund. The redistribution of the Structure Fund will make it more difficult to coordinate and balance the interests among the members of the EU. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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An Inquiry on Left - Wing Policies of the French Communist Party Li-jun ZHANG 2001, 33 (3):  38-42, 126.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2001.03.005 Abstract ( 73 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (682KB) ( 5 )   Save The Left - wing Unity is a noticeable political phenomenon and plays an important role in the French political life; therefore, the PCF pays much attention to its policies about the Left - wing Unity. The development and change of the Left - wing policies of the PCF shows that those reasonable policies towards the Left - wing Unity are beneficial to the stable development and growth of the PCF in the current situation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Development of the Pre - Qin Confucian Idea of Wisdom Yan-ping SHI 2001, 33 (3):  43-49, 126.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2001.03.006 Abstract ( 76 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (895KB) ( 1 )   Save Philosophy not only pursues wisdom, but also should take wisdom itself as a question into account. From their childhood forwards Chinese and Western philosophies had already some distinctly different understandings of wisdom. The philosophical idea of wisdom possessed by the Confucian School founded by Confucius was imbued with a striking humane characteristic. Around the relationships between humanity and wisdom, and between knowledge and wisdom, Mencius and Xun Zi, after Confucius, developed the pre - Qin Confucian idea of wisdom in different directions respectively. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Great Learning, the Doctrine of the Mean, and Zhu Xi' s Philosophy of Nature Gang XU 2001, 33 (3):  50-56.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2001.03.007 Abstract ( 84 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1077KB) ( 3 )   Save Owing to Zhu Xi' s and some other scholars' high praise the important position of the two classics, The Great Learning and The Doctrine of the Mean, was more strongly consolidated than ever before. Zhu Xi creatively carried on and developed these two writings from some fundamental statements and epistemology of natural philosophy, thus exerting a far - reaching influence on the Song - Ming Neo - Confucianism and even later Chinese philosophy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Establishment and Reestablishment of the Confucian Tradition of the Way——A Comparison between Han Yu and Ogyu Sorai De-yang LU 2001, 33 (3):  57-63, 127.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2001.03.008 Abstract ( 70 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (922KB) ( 0 )   Save The tradition of the Way (Tao) was a very important concept in Confucianism. In his essay, "An kujuiry on the Way, " Han Yu first definitely put forward his doctrine of the tradition of the Way which could be traced from Yao and Shun to Confucius and Mencius. Ogyu Sorai, lived in the Japanese Edo period, on the basis of his criticizing and inheriting Han Yu's doctrine of the Way tradition, renounced that Confucianism carried on the traditional idea of ancient kings' Way, thus becoming a noticeable spokesman on behalf of a certain school of thought. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Social Critical Trend of Thought and the Academic Transition during the Period of Late Ming and Early Qing Hai-sheng LI 2001, 33 (3):  64-68, 127.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2001.03.009 Abstract ( 92 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (802KB) ( 0 )   Save The academic mainstream in the period of late Ming and early Qing transformed from the doctrine of mind to the doctrine of textual criticism. The internal drive of the transformation was rooted in the critical trend of thought in then intellectual circles which renounced the declining Neo - Confucianism. At that time the country was going through a historical turn from the fall of the Ming Dynasty to the establishment of the Qing. As a result a national rejuvenation gave way to a national salvation, and the focus of enlightenment turned from political reforms to nationalism. Intellectually, in the process of criticizing the empty and even useless doctrine of mind advocated by the Ming Neo - Confucianism the doctrine of textual criticism began to rise as an ideological weapon in opposition to the Qing Dynasty. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes of the Monarch - Subject Relationship and Their Influence on the Crown during the Middle and Late Western Zhou Period Ai-mei HUANG 2001, 33 (3):  69-73, 127.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2001.03.010 Abstract ( 63 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (690KB) ( 4 )   Save The monarch - subject system on the whole was overlapping steadily in the Western Zhou Dynasty. However, there were still a series of changes about the system during the middle and late Western Zhou period. First, the relation of the king to his subjects was weakened. Secondly, a new monarch - subject relationship came into being. Thirdly, the position of some subjects in the dynasty changed. All of these changes brought disadvantageous effects on the crown. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Formation and Development of the Three - Subject Imperial Jinshi Examination System in the Tang Dynasty Cheng-xian DU 2001, 33 (3):  74-79.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2001.03.011 Abstract ( 80 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (857KB) ( 0 )   Save The three - subject imperial jinshi (presented scholar) examination system took shape as early as in the Tang Dynasty. In early years of the Tang only one subject, that is, Duiche, was tested in the imperial examination. However, in late years of Emperor Gao Zong of the Tang the three - subject system (Tiejing, Zhawen, and Duiche) was formed. Under the middle Tang the priority of the examination was given to Zhawen, in which the pattern of poem test was emphasized. During the late period of the Tang the major content for the exam tended to be the classics and historical records. Till the Five Dynasties the test form of Tiejing tended to give way to that of Jingyi. This tendency gestated a reform of the imperial jinshi examination in the following Song Dynasty. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Economic Connections between the Regions of Jiang Nan and Jiang Xi during the Ming and Qing Dynasties Hai-ying ZHANG 2001, 33 (3):  80-85, 128.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2001.03.012 Abstract ( 73 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (823KB) ( 0 )   Save The area of Jiang Xi adjoined the area of Jiang Nan. Such a convenient location made them maintain a close economic connection with each other, complementing each other in economy during the period of the Ming and Qing dynasties. The trade route through the Dayu Mountains was very important for foreign trade for a long time during the Qing Dynasty. However, it was noneconomic if viewed from the angle of economics. It was just an outcome of the administrative restriction of foreign trade, especially an outcome under the policy of only - one - commercial - port of the Qing government. The close market connection between Jiang Xi and Jiang Nan did not reflect the real development of commodity e-conomy in Jiang Xi. The prosperous transit trade in the area of Jiang Xi owed much to the economic policy of the government. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Launching Stock Index Futures in China: Theoretical Demonstration and Contract Design De-lei YE 2001, 33 (3):  86-91.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2001.03.013 Abstract ( 62 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (890KB) ( 0 )   Save It is imperative that stock index futures be launched in China to promote the development of stock market and the implementation of risk management. In China conditions are already ripe for launching stock index futures, but some aspects such as laws, regulations and the computation method of underlying index still need improving. The introduction of index futures does not necessarily cause financial crises or increase market volatility, so long as proper checks are in place to prevent unwarranted speculation and to control risks. The underlying index should include 300 sample stocks enlisted in both the Shanghai and the Shenzhen stock markets. The integration of international practices with China's specific situation should be considered in the design of the stock index futures contract. The settlement price of the contract should be the average of quotations of the composite index taken at five - minute intervals during the last trading day. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics