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25 May 2002, Volume 34 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Mably and French Revolution Chongwu CHEN 2002, 34 (3):  3-10, 124.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2002.03.001 Abstract ( 66 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1060KB) ( 3 )   Save Mably was a famous French Enlightenment thinker and outstanding Utopian communist in the eighteenth century. His thoughts and writings produced a great influence on various stages of development and representative figures in the French Revolution. This article focuses on his intellectual content, his historical position and his role from the following three aspects: Mably's socio - political ideas and his philosophy, his relation to Rousseau, and his relation to the French Revolution. In conclusion, Mably's thoughts were quite similar to Rousseau's in many aspects; however, there were still plenty of aspects different from Rousseau's. Some were milder than Rousseau's, but some went farther than his. Accordingly, Mably was called the "father of French Revolution". This is indeed not an overstatement. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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An Analysis of Crimes among Immigrants in the Nineteenth New York City Guang LIN 2002, 34 (3):  11-17, 124.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2002.03.002 Abstract ( 72 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (995KB) ( 3 )   Save In the mid and late 19th century urban crimes were very serious in New York City of America. It is widely accepted in the United States that immigrants are the source of crimes, while some Chinese scholars hold that the crime rate among immigrants is lower than that among native Americans. This paper argues that immigrants have something to do with the urban crimes but they are not the root of crimes. It is necessary to make an analysis of the nature and causes of crimes. Through analyzing the urban crimes, we can not only make a proper evaluation of the immigrants in the history of America, but also learn some lessons in controlling and dealing with crimes among immigrant labors in big cities in present - day China. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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An Exploration of the Transformation of New York City's Economic Role after World War Ⅱ Ai-min ZHANG 2002, 34 (3):  18-23, 124.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2002.03.003 Abstract ( 68 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (861KB) ( 6 )   Save Since the end of the Second World War great changes have taken place in the global industrial structure, so have done the U. S. national and regional industrial and economic structures. During the same period the rate of Afro - Americans and Hispanics in New York City's population has risen sharply. Like other cities of the U. S., New York City has entered a new era of suburbanization and metropolitanization. Under the impact of such factors, the original economic role of New York City has diminished. However, it has made timely strategic adjustments in its industrial structure, and thus realized its second economic boom. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Irrigation Works and "Basic Economic Regions" in the Western Han Dynasty Hui-ming ZHUANG 2002, 34 (3):  24-30.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2002.03.004 Abstract ( 77 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1093KB) ( 4 )   Save In the Western Han Dynasty, especially under Emperor Wudi, a series of large - scale water conservancy works were built. It was noticed that almost all these works were placed in the present - day Guanzhong Region. This was not incidental, but counted for great attention and special policies from feudal central government of the dynasty. It was understandable that central governments paid much attention to the "basic economic regions", whose development dealt directly with the dynasty's stability. However, the main issue was that the "basic economic regions attained their developments often at the expense of other regions' economic developments, which worsened a unbalance of economic development among regions. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Wang Shizhen's Criticisms at Neo - Confucianism in the Scope of Historiography Mao-wei QIAN 2002, 34 (3):  31-36, 125.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2002.03.005 Abstract ( 69 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (869KB) ( 5 )   Save Wang Shizhen opposed the Song Neo - Confucianism in his life. He criticized the writing genre used in the Spring and Autumn Annals, denied orthodox views, rearranged for the tradition of doctrines, and reinterpreted Song Neo - Confucianist comments on history with historicism and Taoism, thus arriving at a recognition true to history. He was a noticeable critic on Neo - Confucian historiography between Zhu Zhishan and Li Zhi. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Conception of "Chivalry" in the Ming Fiction Ran-ran WANG 2002, 34 (3):  37-41, 125.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2002.03.006 Abstract ( 70 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (798KB) ( 5 )   Save To many people, "chivalry" means a man or woman who is outstanding both in martial art and morality. In fact, in different ancient novels, the concept of "chivalry" is quite different. This article focuses on the chivalrous quality from the angle of cultural history and literary history, exploring the characteristics of "chivalry" in the Ming fiction. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Roles and Expressions of Taoist Culture in the Writing of Outlaws of the Marsh Zhi-mei SHENG 2002, 34 (3):  42-48, 125.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2002.03.007 Abstract ( 72 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1032KB) ( 12 )   Save In the process from its spreading to writing, the story of Outlaws of the Marsh was greatly influenced by several sects of Taoism. This influence was reflected in the structure of the text, the development of its plots, and the fate of its characters. The author used Taoist ideas many times to make its framework and background clear and prominent. The three times of using Luotian Daqiao decided on the general trend of the novel. Some Taoist figures such as Dongxuan Zhenren, Luo Zhenren and Jiutian Xu-annu pushed forward the development of the story. And the ideological difference between the Perfect Realization Sect and the Pure and Luminous Sect was also reflected in various groups settled in Mountain Liang. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Economic Representation in the Twentieth Century Chinese Metropolitan Literature Yi-xin MA 2002, 34 (3):  49-54, 126.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2002.03.008 Abstract ( 50 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (875KB) ( 5 )   Save The lack of real economic manifestations of Chinese literature in the twentieth century led to the weakness of its metropolitan literature.There might be an exception, that is, the novel Midnight, which was outstanding in describing and reflecting China's economy in 1930's. Some writers since 1980's have begun to pay attention to economy and its manifestations in literature. This is only just a beginning. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Original Lushen Shape in Female Images of Chinese Literature Xiao-ling LI 2002, 34 (3):  55-61, 126.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2002.03.009 Abstract ( 64 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1040KB) ( 6 )   Save Lushen (a goddess in Chinese myth) was a symbol of feeling and desire. Her shape originated in the primitive religious sense, female phallicism, and philosophical conception of yin and yang. When tracing back to this original shape, male and female writers tend to show their sexual differences respectively. When male writers describe her, they clear up female subjectivity and independent character in emotion. Female writers think highly of the impulse of female primitive vitality and return female instincts to their original shapes. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Lu Xun and Li Shangyin Jing-li ZHAO 2002, 34 (3):  62-70, 126.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2002.03.010 Abstract ( 72 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1387KB) ( 4 )   Save There are some similarities between Lu Xun and Li Shangyin not only in their each life and experience, but also in their creation of old - style poetry, especially in their constructing and combining ways of poetic images and in their gorgeous, implicit and meaningfully profound genres. This shows Lu Xun's deep identification of Li Shangyin. Lu's comments on Li reflect his scientific attitude of bold absorption and critical inheritance towards the essence of our national culture, which has been overlooked and misunderstood for a long time. To formulate this relation of identity and inheritance may deepen our recognition and study of Lu Xun. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Debate about Reforms of the International Financial Architecture Ying-li PAN 2002, 34 (3):  71-81.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2002.03.011 Abstract ( 54 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1451KB) ( 4 )   Save The occurrence and contagion of the Asian financial crisis has engendered some debates over defects of the international financial architecture (IFA) and its reforms. The defects mainly lie in two aspects: the first is the increasing instability within the current international system, and the second, the deficiency of effective supervision and regulation of crisis. Centering on the reform of the IFA, expects, scholars, government officials and international organizations have released their views. The debate mainly focuses on liberalization of capital account and management of short - term capital flow, selection of an exchange rate system, transparency and international standard, reform of Bretton Woods institutions, regional currency and financial cooperation and so on. This debate will greatly influence the reform of the IFA in fifty years to follow. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Existing Disadvantages of the RMB's Pegging to Dollar Xin-ru WU 2002, 34 (3):  82-88, 127.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2002.03.012 Abstract ( 73 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (777KB) ( 1 )   Save This paper investigates the fluctuation of the RMB's nominal effective exchange rate (NEER) and the bad impacts on China's economy over the period from 1994 to 1999. The author argues that the policy of the RMB's pegging to dollar makes the NEER undulate heavily in international financial markets. This policy conflicts with the targets of our country's macroeconomic policies. Under a managed float our monetary authority should take account of the level of the RMB's NEER in future. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Financial Opening and the Reconstruction of China's Effective Financial Safety Network Tong-hua SU 2002, 34 (3):  89-94, 127.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2002.03.013 Abstract ( 67 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (810KB) ( 3 )   Save Starting from the status quo and defects of China's reconstruction of financial safety network, this paper inquires into some inherent demands for the effective financial safety net in terms of our country's financial opening up to the world, and concretely explores the principles and steps to build our financial safety net on the basis of summing up international experiences. The author argues that it may effectively prevent the occurring of financial crisis to build a limited financial safety net on the principles of limited protection, completeness, transparence, economy and efficiency, balance of governance and coordination. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Virtuous Ethics and Normative Ethics Yi-ming CUI 2002, 34 (3):  95-99.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2002.03.014 Abstract ( 75 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (794KB) ( 3 )   Save Virtuous ethics and normative ethics focus on different theoretical themes. From a perspective of virtue ethics, the most basic question is: What kind of person should I be? And the fundamental subject matter of normative ethics is: What ought I to do and how ought I to do? The virtue theory, whose representatives are Confucianism and Aristotle's ethics, essentially revolves around a person's moral character, making an evaluation of the whole person. The normative theory, whose representatives are utilitarianism and Kant's deontology, concerns with the moral nature of action, making an evaluation of the special action. The moral evaluation system of traditional society is virtue ethics and that of modern society is normative ethics. The significance of transition from virtue ethics to normative ethics is to admit that each person has the right of self - decision and confines those universal norms to the public social area. But the normative theory only looks to the kinds of actions an agent ought to perform, ignoring the kind of person an agent ought to be. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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On the Approaches of Legalization of Chinese Constitution Shu-fang ZHANG 2002, 34 (3):  100-105, 128.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2002.03.015 Abstract ( 65 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (843KB) ( 9 )   Save The Constitution judicialization is to bring Constitution interpretation and Constitution supervision into the category of judicial power. The problem of the Constitution judicialization has aroused common concern among scholastic circle in China recent years. It almost becomes the tendency of Constitution development. However, several important theoretical problems haven't been solved.This article explains the connotation of Constitution judicialization by comparison, points that essential accesses to Constitution judicialization are the transformation of the regulation way, the regulation mode, the supervision subject and so on, and reestablishes Constitution regulation norms on the basis of above. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Dual Implication of the Traditional Confucian Conception of Righteousness versus Profitableness Yan-qiu WANG 2002, 34 (3):  106-114, 128.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2002.03.016 Abstract ( 84 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1182KB) ( 4 )   Save The view that "righteousness is essential" is a basic position of traditional Confucianists as to the relationship between righteousness and profitableness. It involves two aspects: "righteousness can give rise to profitableness" and "righteousness will restrict profitableness". The two meanings were paid great attention and had reasonable and stable forms in the pre - Qin period.But they were actually separate and contradictory, for "righteousness" was given two different functions.The orthodox Confucians and the non - orthodox Confucians emphasized and developed one aspect respectively. The two aspects had some balanced development in the period of Ming and Qing dynasties. However, those discussions among Confucians of the Ming - Qing period were made in the context of old theories.. They could not free from the difficult position of the traditional Confucian view on the relationship between righteousness and profitableness. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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On the Song - Confucianist Ideal Realm Zhang-zhen FU 2002, 34 (3):  115-123, 128.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2002.03.017 Abstract ( 63 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1185KB) ( 3 )   Save Under the pressure of real life and the stimulus from Taoism and Buddhism, the Song -Confucianists (Confucianists in the Song Dynasty) constructed a theorized system of realm on the basis of turning their attention into the internal mind, mixing Taoism and Buddhism together. It can be seen from the key points as follows: reconstructing moral metaphysics, advocating highly the pleasure of freedom, emphasizing intuition and experience. These key points could be regarded not only as concrete symptoms of ideal realm, but also as developments of its basic traits. Therefore, the confluence of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism constituted a great scene of the Song - Confucian realm. References | Related Articles | Metrics