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15 July 2000, Volume 32 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Reviewing the Argument concerning Feudalism and the Prefecture System in the Late Ming Dynasty Jia-fan WANG 2000, 32 (4):  3-10, 18.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.04.001 Abstract ( 75 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1229KB) ( 2 )   Save Mr. Gu Yanwu and Huang Zongxi in the late Ming Dynasty advocated "manifesting feudalism in the prefecture system." Their main argument was that impartiality in society could be attained if human selfishness was properly exploited. If we compare their theory with Aristotle's Politics, we will find the weakness of the Chinese academic tradition, which only focused on the way of ruling without paying proper attention to the system of government. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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On Agricultural Policies in the Warring States Period and the Establishment of Relationship between the Ancient State Power and Small holders Kai YU 2000, 32 (4):  11-18.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.04.002 Abstract ( 71 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1098KB) ( 8 )   Save The agricultural policies executed by the centralized state governments under the pressure of "farming" and "warring" in the Waning States Period were meant to bring about fundamental institutional reforms in order to achieve the goal of "state prosperity" and "military strength." These policies not only produced an individual smallholder class but also secured the governments' protectoral roles. Thus, there developed a relation between the state power and individual smallholders. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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On Multi-dimensional Objectivism and Subjectivism in Chinese Ideoloev——A viewfrom Dai Zhen's Criticism of Taoism 〔Sweden〕Torbjörm Lodén 2000, 32 (4):  19-24, 32.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.04.003 Abstract ( 91 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (978KB) ( 2 )   Save Objectivism and subjectivism are universal features of human ideology but the division of them is of vital importance in the Chinese ideology. Dai Zhen criticized subjectivism from an objectivist view. He mainly targeted Neo-Confuciamsm in Song and Ming Dynasties. He believed that the subjectivism of Neo-Confucianism was a result of the influence of Buddhism and Taoism in particular. With regard to such issues as liberty Dai Zhen's objectivism is markedly different from Zhuang Zi's subjectivism. They represent two different attitudes towards social involvement and the pursuit of transcendence. In fact, the difference between objectivism and subjectivism is also manifest in the contemporary Chinese society. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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On Research of the School of Zhu Zi and Hu Shi's Yi Gu Xin-sheng LU 2000, 32 (4):  25-32.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.04.004 Abstract ( 122 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1022KB) ( 2 )   Save Hu Shi is claimed to be the founder of modern Chinese scientific methodology. His theory of "yi gu" (reading history with a quesiloning eye) was very influential. He studied the school of Zhu Zi and make detailed analyses of the traditional Chinese culture. In the process of his study, he developed his methodology of "yi gu" in the late twenties and early thirties. The change in his later work concerning the study of Zhu Zi indicate his chanees in his methodology of "yi gu". References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Xiong Wei and the Modern Chinese Philosophy Zhen-hua YU 2000, 32 (4):  33-37.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.04.005 Abstract ( 80 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (745KB) ( 2 )   Save This paper examines Xiong Wei's criticism of Feng Youlan's philosophy a-gainst the general background of the discourse of the possibility of metaphysical truth in modern China. The author attempts to clarify the significance of Xiong Wei's theory in modern Chinese philosophy by analyzing Xiong Wei's ideas on 1) the problem of the relationship between what can be said and what cannot be said, 2) the debate concerning the relation between science and metaphysics, and 3) problems of ontology and of philosophical methodology. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A New Explanation of the Disciplinary Nature of Science of Religion Lan-fen LI 2000, 32 (4):  38-44, 48.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.04.006 Abstract ( 91 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1021KB) ( 3 )   Save Beginning with distinguishing two kinds of understanding of religion, the paper discusses the significance, function and limits of rationality and scientificity of the science of religion as a discipline of humanities. It then analyzes the context of conflicts a-mong different definitions of religion and stresses the necessity of avoiding any dogmatic stance in the research of religious problems. The paper outlines the author's interpretation of scientificity of the science of religion and ends with the proposition that the problem of "subjectivity" of the science of religion must be dealt with properly. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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On Religion and Socialist Civilization Jian-chu LAI 2000, 32 (4):  45-48.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.04.007 Abstract ( 93 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (667KB) ( 4 )   Save Religion is a reality in the primary stage of socialism. Understanding the role of religion in the socialist civilization is very important. This paper discusses the different aspects of the role of religion in the socialist civilization. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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On Napoleon's View of Religion and His Religious Policies Ling-yu WANG 2000, 32 (4):  49-56.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.04.008 Abstract ( 63 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1064KB) ( 0 )   Save Napoleon is a theist but claims no faith in religion. He understands the importance of religion to people and attaches great importance to religious policies. He stresses in particular the importance of religion in consolidating his power and enhancing social security. His religious policies brought peace to France. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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War on the level of Superstructure——On British Interference in the French Revolution Fa-qing SONG 2000, 32 (4):  57-62.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.04.009 Abstract ( 103 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (846KB) ( 1 )   Save For Britain, the war against the revolutionary France was fought not only for balance of power, and for trade, but also for ideology. Edmund Burke's radical criticism of the French Revolution and its ideology in his Reflections on the French Revolution deepened the hostility of the British upper class to the Revolution. The British government defined one strategic purpose of the war was to destroy the ideology of the Revolution. So it was an "Ideological War" in essence. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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On the Two Trends in the Process of Global Currency Integration Wen-wei FENG 2000, 32 (4):  63-67, 74.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.04.010 Abstract ( 87 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (727KB) ( 2 )   Save There are two trends in the process of global currency integration: one is the dollarization of currency; the other is the setting-up of a single currency zone. The practical motivations of the trends are: in the process of the economic globalization and the liberalization of finance, the currencies of small countries are no match for big countries; the academic explanation for that is that state authorities cannot control the situation when facing a trilemma, i.e. an independent monetary police, a steady exchange rate and the free flow of international capital. The dollarization of currency is at the cost of the currency sovereignty of a country, and the setting-up of a single currency zone is based on the homology of economies. So there certainly exist obstacles to both trends. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes in International Monetary System——An analytical framework for Neo-in-stitutional Econonics Jisheng HUANG, De-sheng YIN 2000, 32 (4):  68-74.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.04.011 Abstract ( 84 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1036KB) ( 3 )   Save Changes in international monetary system involve institution stiffening, institution innovation and institution equilibrium. In the stage of institution stiffening, (Gold Standard System periods) the institution change is dominated by the monopolized interest group-the British group. In the stage of institution innovation (from Gold Exchange 126 Standard System to Bretton Woods Agreement) the institution change is led by the innovative interest group-the American group. In the stage of institution equilibrium, the change is led by the shared interest group. So international monetary cooperation becomes mechanic in supplying the international monetary system. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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On the Theories Underlying the Financial Liberalization Yu-feng JI 2000, 32 (4):  75-81.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.04.012 Abstract ( 83 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (920KB) ( 8 )   Save Since 1970, the wave of the financial liberalization has been rising in the developed countries. The theories underlying such liberalization is a complex system. They consist of general theories such as Neo-liberalism economics, specific theories such as capital market efficiency, regulation economics, financial deepening theory. There is also a methodological dimension: analytical finance. Neo-liberalism economics plays a crucial role. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Fixed Exchange Rate System: A costly disinflation measure Hua YUE 2000, 32 (4):  82-86.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.04.013 Abstract ( 101 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (595KB) ( 2 )   Save In theory, a country with high inflation can reduce the inflation rate by pegging to a low inflation currency. Empirical results have proved that there are more failures than successes in the attempts of reducing inflation by fixing the exchange rate. Krugman's model has aroused great interest among academics. According to Krougman, a fixed exchange rate system is vulnerable to speculative attacks and is likely to cause a bal-ance-of-payment crisis. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Orthodoxy and Heterodoxy——On the significance of the distinction between sound and music in pure conversation during the Wei-Jin Period Yi CHENG 2000, 32 (4):  87-96.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.04.014 Abstract ( 79 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1422KB) ( 6 )   Save Distinction between meaning and language was the main approach of thinking in Neo-Taosim during the Wei and Jin periods. Wang Bi proposed a principle which emphasized the insufficiency to define being with being. It is the basic approach adopted by Neo-Taoism in challenging the orthodox Confucianism. In his essay, "Sounds Carry no Sadness or Happiness, Ji Kang adopted the approach to analyze the process in which the Confucian music doctrine was established by the political rulers. He exposed the absurdity of the process, thus toppling the fundamental principles of the doctrine. That essay can be regarded as the proclamation of independence for literature and art criticism in an era of self-consciousness. However, this critical approach has been taken as a school of heterodoxy for many years in the Chinese literary history. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploring the Relation between Tao Yuanming and Hui Yuan Bin GONG 2000, 32 (4):  97-102.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.04.015 Abstract ( 81 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (873KB) ( 3 )   Save This article investigates the relation between Tao Yuanming, the famous Eastern Jin poet, and Huiyan, the eminent Buddhist monk living in the Lushang Mountain. Tao Yuanming visited Lushan Mountain many times and it was a fashion in the Eastern Jin Period for scholars to make friends with monks. Tao Yuanming had a noble character, and Huiyan had retired from the secular world with profound learning. These were the basis of their relation. Their different philosophies of life led to the breakup of their relation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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On the Reciprocal Homophony between Jian Group and Zhao (the 3rd degree) Group of the Chinese Characters and the Division of the Ancient Chinese Dialects Jue WANG 2000, 32 (4):  103-110.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.04.016 Abstract ( 68 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1075KB) ( 2 )   Save According to the mutual homophony between Jian-group and Zhao (the 3rd degree) group of Chinese characters, phonologists set up a group of poly-consonants as *Krj-type. Generally, the *Krj-group should develop in three directions as the following: 1)*Ts-, 2)*Krj-, 3)*K-/*TS-. In ancient times, Qi-Lu-Wu-Yue Dialect developed in the direction of *Ts-, Jing-Chu dialect in the direction of *K-; and Central Plains Dialect in the direction of K-/*Ts-. The paper argues that if seen from this point of view, some ancient Chinese words can be properly explained and some questions concerned can be answered. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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On the Equivalents of Gei, He in Yue, Mingzhe, Gan, Hakka dialects Zong-qi CHAO 2000, 32 (4):  111-116.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.04.017 Abstract ( 77 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (675KB) ( 2 )   Save This paper tries to analyze the equivalents of "gei", "he" in other dialects, both in light of the oral aqd written materials so as to shed light on the connections between the different equivalents of "gei" and "he ". References | Related Articles | Metrics