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15 November 2000, Volume 32 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Reappreciating Yang Yi and His Poetic Style of Xi Kun Zhi-fan FANG 2000, 32 (6):  3-9, 17.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.06.001 Abstract ( 61 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1387KB) ( 2 )   Save The poetry styled Xi Kun Ti originated in some superior entertainment places in the early Song Dynasty, but it was not an aristocratic style. As a poet, Yang Yi was the representative of the Xi Kun Ti. He was a man of integrity and possessed a character which was independent of imperial power and typical of the Song dynasty intellectuals. The Xi Kun Ti was opposed to the Bai Ti, and meanwhile they both influenced each other and developed mutually. Accordingly, the Xi Kun Ti was a mixture with different styles such as Bai Ti, Yi Shan Ti and Tang Yanqian Ti. On the one hand, it paid attention to the accumulation of knowledge and cultural accomplishment, which was in the line with the tendency of cultural development in the Song. On the other hand, the Xi Kun Ti inherited an allegorical spirit represented in the poems written by Bai Juyi and poems in the late Tang Dynasty. Yang Yi's poems on history and his own feelings might be regarded as irony songs in a flourishing age. We might not consider the Xi Kun Ti to be just a simple "return" to the style of late Tang poems, and in fact it did benefit the establishment of Songslyle poems. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Defining the Poetic Style of Gong Ti Qing GUI 2000, 32 (6):  10-17.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.06.002 Abstract ( 88 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1333KB) ( 7 )   Save As a historical concept, the poetry styled Gong Ti was active during the period from the Liang Dynasty to the early Tang. During that period a very attractive phenomenon was the intense increase of amorous poems. The amorous poetry should be regarded as an essential featrue of the Gong Ti poetry. However, the Gong Ti poetry was not the same as the amorous poetry in general since it was indeed a fresh type of the amorous poetry. Accordingly, its definition might be as follows: the Gong Ti poetry was a new type of the amorous poetry that was active from the late Liang Dynasty (when Xiao Gang became a crowned prince and representative figure of that kind of poets) to the early Tang Dynasty. In this way there were three types of amorous poetry: 1) the orthodox Gong Ti poetry which was characterized by depiction, 2) lyric poetry, and 3) the quasi-Gong Ti poetry (folk love poetry). References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Retiring of "the Last Romantic"——The Custom Description in Shen Congwen's Rural Novels Jia-jin FAN 2000, 32 (6):  18-23.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.06.003 Abstract ( 75 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (929KB) ( 3 )   Save This article first briefly summarizes Shen Congwen's technical changes of custom description in his novels during the War of Resistance against Japan, and then emphatically analyses some contradictions implied in Shen's ideas of Chinese "modernization" and town-country relations, so as to reveal the conflict between his aesthetic ideal and social reality. Also, it offers an explanation of the break-off of Shen Congwen's rural story writing. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Annotating Chen Sanli's Two Poems on Poetics Xiao-ming HU 2000, 32 (6):  24-29.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.06.004 Abstract ( 69 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (1117KB) ( 3 )   Save This essay, in the form of annotative remarks, aims basically to use philological knowledge to examine how Chen Sanli, through his poetics, expressed his views on Chinese political and social problems after 1898. Through annotating his two poems on poetics, the author argues that Chen Sanli's theory of poetics had a firm belief in the non-physical ontological cosmology, and accordingly displayed his thinking capability, his passion for Chinese culture, and his optimistic spirit. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Nature of the Left-Wing Revolutionary Literary Movement Wei-min LIN 2000, 32 (6):  30-36.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.06.005 Abstract ( 73 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1241KB) ( 4 )   Save The Movement of the Left-wing Revolutionary Literature served as an impetus to the progress of modernization of new Chinese literature. However, classifying this movement as prolelarian led to some confusion of the nature of Chinese revolution. It made a big error which later caused serious results owing to rigidly copying the "Left" mechanism and subjective dogmatism in Soviet socialist revolutionary literature. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Tentative Exploration of Bernini's Aesthetical Thought of the Cornaro Chapel Hui-sheng FU 2000, 32 (6):  37-47.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.06.006 Abstract ( 74 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1543KB) ( 2 )   Save The Cornaro Chapel was the best work of un bel composto created by the greatest Italian artist Gian Lorenzo Bernini in the Baroque period. It had a lasting impact in the Westren artistic history Up to the late 90s many scholars were still trying to find some aesthetical explanation for the work. A careful analysis of its architectural components and its principles of design, an anatomy of details and meanings of the Teresa group, and a tentative study of the composition and definition of the beautiful integrity not only help us understand the Cornaro Chapel and Bernini's art, but also lead us into the great hall of Baroque arts. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Hu Shi's Methodology of History Hong-liang GU 2000, 32 (6):  48-54.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.06.007 Abstract ( 76 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (932KB) ( 1 )   Save Hu Shi's methodology of history implied two aspects: technical and spiritual. In the spiritual aspect Hu Shi viewed his methodology of history more from the existence of nations and took his methodology as guides to administer the country and save the nation, as opposed to Dewey who viewed his own methodology of history more from the existence of individuals. Relatively speaking, Hu Shi was more concerned with his methodology in the technical aspect. It implied the methodological principles of essentialism and historicism. It had a close relation with causality and the theory of evolution, and was also influenced by the School of Pu Xue and Zhedong School of Historiography. However, it still had some dieoretical limitations. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Different Ideas of human Nature between Mencius and Xun Zi in the Perspective of Immanent Transcendence Xiao-chun LI 2000, 32 (6):  55-59.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.06.008 Abstract ( 61 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (757KB) ( 3 )   Save The immanent transcendence had a close relation with the evolving process of "nature" from "inborn" to "human nature." Inheriting Zi Si's thought and giving the "nature" a key position, Mencius made "heaven" immanent in "heart" and then made "heart" transcendent to "heaven." Xun Zi followed Gao Zi's thought and developed his thought of "what is inborn is called nature," as opposed to innate morality. Starting from the viewpoint of knowledge he made the Tao characterized by "humanity and righteousness" immanent in human nature so as to construct another immanent transcendent way that was different from Mencius'. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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On Necessity in Modal Logic Mian FENG 2000, 32 (6):  60-64, 71.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.06.009 Abstract ( 73 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (863KB) ( 2 )   Save The necessity involved in modal olgic is manifold. The logical laws as theorems in a logical system embody logical necessity, while the necessity operators in modal predicate formulas which reflect "wodality de re" mainly embody factual necessity. The rnodal axioms in a modal logical system describe its logical characteristic of necessity from another respect. The definition of necessity is closely related to a possible world. When analyzing essential attributes of things in the real world, we should restrict the range of a possible world and abandon non-real situations of the real world. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Logical Analysis of Debate Rong-dong JIN 2000, 32 (6):  65-71.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.06.010 Abstract ( 66 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (949KB) ( 4 )   Save Chinese logicians have recently found themselves interested in the logical analysis of debate which is understood as a kind of intersubjective speech communication and aimed at the elimination of disputes and the pursuit of consensus. Based on the current practice of debate and relevant research achievements, this article makes a preliminary analysis of the essence, structure and rules of debate. It examines, the relationship between debate and argument, discusses the typology of debate and its ideal model, and analyzes the static and dynamic structures of debate. Moreover, this article provides some pragmatic or procedural rules of debate such as the principle of sincerity, the principle of politeness, the principle of intelligibility and the principle of the reciproccity between question and answer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The History of Hetuvidya and Its Contributions Nan-qiang YAO 2000, 32 (6):  72-78.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.06.011 Abstract ( 64 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (988KB) ( 3 )   Save Hetuvidya is one of the three original systems of logic in the world. It contains three different types: Hteuvidya in India, Hetuvidya in Tibet, and Hetuvidya in Center Plains. The author in this paper gives an outline of development of the three types, describes each distinct featrues and especially elaborates their developments in logic and philosophy. The coming of new Indian Hetuvidya realized its logical leap from inductive reasoning to deductive reasoning. In Center Plains Hetuvidya developed a system of dialectical logic which included "Eight Branches and Two Oestinations", and explored many problems about pragmatic logic and dialectical logic. In Tibet Hetuvidya gained more development in ontology, knowledge and logic. Hetuvidya is not only a crystal of Buddhist wisdom, but also a treasure of traditional Chinese culture. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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On Contradicting Phenomena in Modern German Nationalism Rui-ying MA 2000, 32 (6):  79-85.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.06.012 Abstract ( 72 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1017KB) ( 3 )   Save In the beginning German nationalism was aimed at fighting against oppression and completing national unification, and later it was transmuted into chauvinism. Obviously there were contradicting phenomena between its causes and results. Among those causes that led to nationalism were divisions in political, economical and social fields, and relevant realities and dispensations. The results caused by nationalism consisted of a dictatorial system, militarism and power ideology. This situation guided German nationalism to a wrong way. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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From Philadelphia to New York——How New York Became the Financial Center of the USA Bao-qiang GUO 2000, 32 (6):  86-91.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.06.013 Abstract ( 73 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (862KB) ( 3 )   Save In the early history of financial development of the United States of America Philadelphia was once the first domestic financial center. But only after several decades New York replaced it and became the new domestic financial center. In the process of such a change four basic factors played important roles, namely, political center, amount of the commercial trade, regional economic power, and innovation of the financial system. Of these four factors the political center contributed more to the early stage of the domestic financial center. However, with the development of national economy its importance has weakened. On the contrary, the other three factors will become the decisive strength to the formation development and solidification of the domestic financial center. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Financial Risks and Policy Coordinations in the Course of Economic Globalization Lian-shi ZHOU 2000, 32 (6):  92-96.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.06.014 Abstract ( 65 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (630KB) ( 3 )   Save This article elaborates the possible worldwide financial risks in the process of economic globalization and further the importance of strengthening economic plolcy coordinations among nations. Based on the plokcy theory of centralization and decentralization, the author advances some necessary policy measures against financial risks and explores some policy coordinations about foreign exchange transaction taxation, exchaneg rate as well as interest rate. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Selection of Agricultural Protection Policies in the Course of Agricultural Marketization Guo-xiang JIANG 2000, 32 (6):  97-102.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.06.015 Abstract ( 54 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (732KB) ( 3 )   Save China's agricultural industry is under marketization. Though producing public products, agriculture as an industry is innately impotent of market competitive power. There is an intense conflict between the decentralized household management and the consolidated socialist market. In the years of non-market economy agricultural resources and surplus were bransferred, on a large scale, to non-agricultural sectors. Now in the context of market economy it is time to reinforce the agricultural industry which has long been under negative protection. To achieve this goal, it is of great importance to draw on the experience of some countries that have both a welldeveloped market and effective agricultural protection policies and practice, and to fit it in with China's actual circumstances. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Tactics of Development in Shanghai Intellectual Service Trades Chuan-jiang YU, Cyang-le XU, Chun-yang CHEN 2000, 32 (6):  103-109.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.06.016 Abstract ( 114 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (789KB) ( 5 )   Save Intellectual service trades belong to the third industry which take knowledge, intellect, or wisdom as the leading element. They are characterized by a great amount of possession and application of knowledge, high output benefits, high fusion of intellectual achievements, and active innovative thinding. In Shanghai intellectual service trades must be received special support; especially such trades as consultation service, enterprise designing, assets valuation, education and network service, etc., should be given priority. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Studies on Sa Dula's Birth Year Guang-hui YANG 2000, 32 (6):  110-114, 119.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.06.017 Abstract ( 70 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (819KB) ( 3 )   Save This paper focuses on the much-disputed problem of the birth year of Sa Dula who was a minority poet during the late Yuan Dynasty. In academic circles there are eight different views of Sa Dula's birth date, all of which are problematic. We must carefully reconsider the accuracy of those views and the supporting documentation, particularly information available in the genealogy of the Sa family. Based on new information and new interpretations, it can be proved that Sa Dula was born in the eleventh year of the Da De reign period, that is, the year of 1307. References | Related Articles | Metrics