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    01 May 2000, Volume 32 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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    On Dragon Worship for Rain in the Yue Region and the Origin and the Archetype of the Chinese Dragon
    Qin-jian CHEN
    2000, 32 (3):  3-8.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.03.001
    Abstract ( 44 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (837KB) ( 3 )   Save

    In some rural areas of the Yue Region in Southeast China, there still exists the worship of dragon for rain. Unlike some scholars' interpretations, the dragon is only a common creature in water, and it can even be an insect. Based on this understanding and consultations of ancient classics, we can draw the conclusion that there did not exist an unitary image hut an unitary idea of dragon for the ancient Chinese people. In fact, the dragon did not have a fixed form and the character for it is the archetype of Chinese Dragon.We cannot find a exact corresponding species for the dragon in history. However, the dragon functioned as a belief for the ancient Chinese. What does the dragon embody then? It should be a kind of shocking power which came with wind and rain. It could be the sound of thunder with storm and lightning.The image we see today is just an embodiment of that idea.

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    On the Symbolic Meanings of the Three Legs of the Tripods
    Qin DU
    2000, 32 (3):  9-13.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.03.002
    Abstract ( 29 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (730KB) ( 4 )   Save

    Starting from the Yin Dynasty, tripods were made of bronze instead of porcelain and became tools for ceremonies rather than for daily cooking. Hence there came a fundamental change in the purpose of the tripods as compared to the one when they were first invented. Similar to the meanings of animal patterns carved on the facets of the tripods by mysterious sorcery, the three legs of the tripod were given important symbolic meanings. Since the Western Zhou Dynasty, the primitive religion of gods' rule over the universe became more rationalized. The yin-yang theory tried to find rules of the operation of things in the universe from the objective natural changes and established the cosrnological conception of the trinity of the heaven, the earth and human beings. This provided a very important base for the symbolic meanings of the three legs of the tripod as "three masters."

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    Political Ethics and Ethical Politics——Analysing the Theoretical Dilemma of Traditional People-based Thinking
    Yi-ming CUI
    2000, 32 (3):  14-20.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.03.003
    Abstract ( 53 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1016KB) ( 4 )   Save

    The people-based thinking is one of the most important political concepts of Chinese traditional society. It conveys a very good idea of political ethics, but it runs parallel with the government-based thinking of Chinese traditional political life——which is a very bad ethical politics. With insight into the traditional theory of the people-based thinking, we will find that this idea has inherent theoretical deficiencies: the people-based thinking conflicts with the ethical structure on which it is grounded. Thus it makes the theory of the people-based thinking only an ideal political ethics. It is impossible to develop it into a political constitutional theory of political system. Moreover, the theory of Mandate of Heaven and moral idealism, entirely abstain from necessity and possibility of constructing any political system.

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    Wittgenstein on "I Believe P"
    Wei-min XU
    2000, 32 (3):  21-27.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.03.004
    Abstract ( 53 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (956KB) ( 2 )   Save

    The old issue of the theory issue of knowledge, "I believe p" has turned a linguistic one in Wittgenstein's philosophy. It consists of three relevant issues: "I believe p", "I believe~p" and "I know p". The conflict of "I believe p" with the basic propositions of Wittgenstein's logic philosophy is one of the theory sources for Wittgenstein's linguistic turn, and the subjective certainty existing in "I believe p" provides the possibility for the humanities.

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    Nixon and the American Red Scare Tendency in the Post-War period
    Hai JIN
    2000, 32 (3):  28-34.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.03.005
    Abstract ( 61 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (989KB) ( 4 )   Save

    This paper studies three characteristics of the Red Scare in the peak of the Cold War. Nixon as a politician who entered into the American political arena at this time, his political thought and view were deeply influenced by the social situation but his action pushed this trend in turn. My objective is to reveal the interaction between the politician and the social situation in which they grew up.

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    Research on Peace in the 20th Century
    Hong-wen HAN
    2000, 32 (3):  35-43.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.03.006
    Abstract ( 50 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1181KB) ( 6 )   Save

    In the past 20th century, mankind underwent a significant change from war to peace. The Western scholars have made systematic study of the causes, premises, and conditions for the change, which has deepened our understanding of peace. The study has given rise to peace research. Peace research includes violence research, causes of war research, crisis and conflict research, demilitarization research, etc. Peace here refers to the world peace, and it is different from peace research, although the two are related.

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    On Titudescu's Foreign Policy of Big Alliance
    Xu-dong ZHOU
    2000, 32 (3):  44-49.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.03.007
    Abstract ( 45 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (987KB) ( 7 )   Save

    The article is concerned about Titulescu's foreign policy from 1932 to 1936. In this period, the Nazi Germany developed, while the balance of power in Europe changed gradually. Tituleseu integrated the collective security with the destiny of Romania. He strengthened the union of small allied countries, and attempted to establish alliance with the Soviet Union. His influence goes far beyond Romania. His name, Titulescu, becomes the code name of collective security in Europe.

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    A psychological Study of the New Intellectuals' Attitudes Towards the Boxers in the Late Qing Dynasty
    Quan-min ZHAO
    2000, 32 (3):  50-55.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.03.008
    Abstract ( 54 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (900KB) ( 7 )   Save

    After the Reform Movement of the late Qing dynasty, the new group of intellectuals, as a group of "the marginal men" showed different attitudes to the Boxer Uprising, which was initiated by the fanners in 1900. There were three kinds of view about the Boxer Uprising: hostile attitude, neutral attitude and sympathetic attitude. The conjunction of mental states between history and reality was the reason why the intellectuals formed these attitudes, which also was the reason why they were separated from the farmers.

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    On the Boxers Movement and the Termination of "Chinese Learning for Substance"
    Zong-zhen ZHU
    2000, 32 (3):  56-62.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.03.009
    Abstract ( 56 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (892KB) ( 22 )   Save

    Although during the Wuxu Reform Period, the traditional political and cultural systems were under attack and the idea of "Chinese learning for substance, and Western learning for function" was criticized, the progressive ideology of the period had little effect on the ordinary people. The idea of "Chinese learning for substance, and Western learning for function" was still the dominant ideology then. The Boxers Movement not only toppled the authority of the traditional political and cultural system, but also signifies that the xenophobic united front of the Qing government and the Boxers ended up in failure. This shows the great difference between the West and East and also the termination of the idea of "Chinese learning for substance".

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    The Boxers Movement and the Gentry in Shandong Province
    Bo ZHAO
    2000, 32 (3):  63-69.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.03.010
    Abstract ( 54 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (995KB) ( 1 )   Save

    The image of the gentry in the northern part of China during the Boxers Movement period has always remained blurred to us. The gently in Shandong diplays various differences and changes both in terms of time or region. Therefore, it is reasonable to take the study of the gentry in Shandong as a special one. These differences and changes can not only serve as the miniature of society, economy and culture at that time, but also demonstrate the interrelation between foreign religion, the Boxers Movement, local authorities and gentry.

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    An Empirical Study of the Group Classification and the Behavior Characteristics of Security Investment in China
    Jian-qing LU, He PENG, Ji-wen SONG
    2000, 32 (3):  70-75.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.03.011
    Abstract ( 62 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (737KB) ( 2 )   Save

    Because the investment behavior of the stock-holders has much to do with the economic efficiency of the security market, research on the behavioral characteristics and group classification by statistical analysis will be of great practical importance to the promotion of the sound development of Chinese security market. By empirical research, we discover that the characteristic differences of security investors can be analysed in terms of five elements and investing groups can be divided into three types.

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    Portfolio Positive Study of Shanghai and Shenzhen Security Markets
    Ping GAO
    2000, 32 (3):  76-84.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.03.012
    Abstract ( 50 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1041KB) ( 1 )   Save

    Based on the Mean-Variance Model, this paper analyzes the portfolios of Shanghai and Shenzhen security markets through the 30 model stocks which are sparately selected from two security markets. Quadratic programming algorithm is used in the study of efficient portfolios and efficient frontiers of Shanghai and Shenzhen security markets. After calculating efficient portfolios and drawing efficient frontiers of Shanghai and Shenzhen security markets, we can find a new efficient frontier made up of efficient frontiers of Shanghai and Shenzhen security markets. So we can get some helpful conclusions depending on the new efficient frontier.

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    On the Objective-oriented Models of Adjustment of China's Balance of Payment
    Ying-hui TAN
    2000, 32 (3):  85-87.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.03.013
    Abstract ( 50 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (462KB) ( 5 )   Save

    As regards the representative models of adjustment of balance of payment in the world, namely, American Model and Japanese Model, the model of adjustment of balance of payment of a country should be formulated according to the theory concerned and the condition, the economic base, the period of economic development. In the coming decade, China's demand for foreign exchange will be increasing constantly, but the supply will be restricted. As a big developing country in the period of economic takeoff, China should select the feasible short-term and long - and - medium - term objectives of adjusting balance of payment to promote the sound, stable, and sustainable development of economy.

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    Creating New Employment Opportunities for the Elderly——A Case Study of Elderly Persons in Shanghai
    Shi-xun GUI
    2000, 32 (3):  88-93.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.03.014
    Abstract ( 53 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (756KB) ( 0 )   Save

    Both senior citizens and the working - age population in the interior of China will increase rapidly in the first half of the 21th century, which will have a strong impact on China. How-should we effectively promote the employment of elderly persons in a city? It seems to be a difficult problem and it is worth studying. By the analysis of the relevant data of Shanghai between in 1992 and in 1998 the article gets the information on the employment ratio of elderly pereons, profession composition of elderly persons at work, and the mentality of elderly persons whether they wish to work again. The article points out that we should positively explore the strategies to promote elderly pereons to work again and to lighten the pressure on employment as soon as possible, we should make preferential policies to help develop enterprises for the aged and we should take practical measures to give full play to the highly talented elderly pereons, and we should choose an appropriate occasion to delay the retiring age in a city.

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    On Tendency and Features of Population Aging in China
    Shu YU, Yang-le CHEN
    2000, 32 (3):  94-98, 111.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.03.015
    Abstract ( 48 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (976KB) ( 3 )   Save

    Population aging in China is now in a stage of rapid development. This paper firstly introduces ways of measuring population aging process in regions and analyses in detail the trends and characteristics of population aging in provinces. We think that the transition of age-construction shows diversity because it is pushed on at different speeds in different regions. And the region pattern of population aging process is also obvious in view of its developing trends. Middle and west China will gradually be the major pusher-on of population againg in China, so research on population aging ought to be focused on middle and west China. We should set up a system of countermeasures to enhance the economic sustainable development through bringing forth new ideas on old-age security.

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    On "Neo-Townspeople Fiction"
    Yi-Xin MA
    2000, 32 (3):  99-106.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.03.016
    Abstract ( 51 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1155KB) ( 5 )   Save

    Marketplace-Townspeople-Neo-Townspeople, are the products of three different ages. "Neo-Townspeople" were bom in the new historical period since the 1980s, and the term particularly fits in with the changes of cities and city dwellers of that time; as a result, "Neo-Townspeople Fiction" came into being. The "Neo-Townspeople" in "Neo-Townspeople Fiction" have distinct features: one is their complele rejection of traditions and their unprecedentedly strong pursuit of worldly life and money-worshipping, the other is the surprising changes of their attitudes towards love. "Neo-Townspeople Fiction" reveals a kind of attitudes, both yearning and fearful, towards modem cities, and also a kind of attitudes of "non-mainstream". They deserve their existence. However, some are pessimistic and trying to escape the world and even abandon themselves to vices.

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    The Psychological Mechanism of LU Yao's Fiction Writing
    Zhan-biao CHEN
    2000, 32 (3):  107-111.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.03.017
    Abstract ( 99 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (837KB) ( 6 )   Save

    The paper holds that tension and harmony between the two poles of realistic passion and rational wisdom forms the core of the mechanism of aesthetic psychology in Lu Yao's fictional creation. From this perspective, LU Yao combines his literary writing, life experience and his philosophy of life into an extraordinary integration through the mechanism, and displays a very harmonious balance between external social behavior and internal spiritual activities, and creates an unusual tension. On the one hand, the involvement of individual life experience is in unison with the philosophical search for the ulimate significance of life. To put it clear, the more deeply the individual is involved, the more realistic the life experience, and the more it is likely to gain the moral requirement to be good which is the major concern of life philosophy, and the more humanistic echo in terms of aesthetics; on the other hand, he enjoys romantic feelings to the full in his real life. But he keeps a calm and rational attitude in his writing. He is a poet in the inner world within his real life, but he is a most clear-headed realistic writer in his literary creation. In this sense, LU Yao's tragedy is a tragedy of his life, but a victory of his spiritual pilgrimage.

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    On Semantic function and Pragmatic Constraints of "Tongzhi"
    Fan-zhu HU, Yu-hua HU
    2000, 32 (3):  112-116, 122.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.03.018
    Abstract ( 65 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (1350KB) ( 3 )   Save

    As an address-form, "Tongzhi" was used most frequently in language communication on the mainland China in the last half period of the 20th century. Today, it is not only the most important word used in the political discourse but also regarded as one of the most basic pan-honorific in social groups in China. But along with the social changes, the semantic function and pragmatic constraints of "Tongzhi" have changed as well.

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    On the Evolution of Grammar——Tense, Aspect and Modality of the Modal Word "Bucheng"
    Shi-yi XU
    2000, 32 (3):  117-122.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.03.019
    Abstract ( 45 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (915KB) ( 3 )   Save

    The evolution of grammar——tense, aspect and modality in bucheng is a typical caseof Chinese. Bucheng can be used as a modal word in the Tang Dynasty. Its grammaticalization is from a phrase to an adverb and a modal word. The change has reduced meaning to a grammatical one, and mis in turn brings more changes to its function in a sentence. Its evolution is interacted with other function words in the function word system. Its grammaticalization depends on the discourse situation. The gradual change is its grammaticalization's main mechanism.

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