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15 September 2000, Volume 32 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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The Reconsideration of Some Questions about Piaget's Genetic Epistemology Qi-wei LI, J. Vonèche 2000, 32 (5):  3-10.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.05.001 Abstract ( 18 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1155KB) ( 1 )   Save In the study of genetic epistemology the line of studying categories in the Kantian sense, which originated from Piaget, should be held. Those subject matters of genetic epistemology put forward by Piaget have not yet been out-of-date and will never be. Some important questions in genetic epistemology, such as the relationship between Piaget's structuralism and others'structuralism, the nature of psycho-logic, reductionistic dangers of "the convergent reconstruction with overtakings, inherent conflicts between the two concepts of "horizontal decalage" and "stage", etc., are still open to discussion. The fact that some psychologists in Geneva are shifting their interests to "the study of real subjects signifies, to a certain extent, a departure from Piaget's tradition. There is a possibility of combining genetic epistemology with contemporary cognitive psychology, especially in the use of experimental methods, and also there is a necessity of a further new synthesis for Piaget's categories and concepts. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Debate on "Righteousness versus Profitableness" and the Revolution of Values in Modern China Rui-quan GAO 2000, 32 (5):  11-19, 123.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.05.002 Abstract ( 29 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1148KB) ( 2 )   Save This paper discusses the development of modem Chinese philosophy which has been going on chiefly around the debate on "righteousness versus profitableness." "Profibableness" has become a very important principle alongside the dissemination of utilitarianism in China. Most of Chinese philosophers, however, try to pursue a unity of profitableness and righteousness even when the theory of virtue revives. How to integrate profitableness with righteousness is still an open question. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Main Causes for the Weakness of Chinese Religious Ethics Chun WU 2000, 32 (5):  20-27.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.05.003 Abstract ( 25 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1206KB) ( 3 )   Save Different from Judaism or Christianity, Chinese religions were not totally integrated with ethics. The main possible causes leading to this phenomenon are as follows: (1) Chinese religions did not experience the revolution in the sense of ethics; (2) The secular society was imbued with more moral matters; (3) Buddhism became estranged from ethics; (4) Taoism became estranged from ethics; (5) The utilitarian trend weakened the religious character seriously. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Features of Chinese Buddhism Jin-hua XIA 2000, 32 (5):  28-33, 124.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.05.004 Abstract ( 41 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (940KB) ( 2 )   Save This paper aims to study Chinese Buddhist charactere in the process of long-term historical development. It makes an analysis of the three aspects; the foundation on which Chinese Buddhism exists and expands, inherited Buddha's ayusmat, and finally the lasting and eternal life-force of Buddhism. Therefore, Chinese Buddhism has three important features: common-people style, Dhyana practice and the spirit of perfect harmony. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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About the Bibliography of The Complete Library of the Four Treasures Shen-qing LIN 2000, 32 (5):  34-42, 124.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.05.005 Abstract ( 37 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (996KB) ( 2 )   Save The Complete Library of the Four Treasures (Siku Quanshu), of which there are hundreds of bibliographies now, is the largest collection of classical works available in many ages of Chinese history. This paper provides an overall review of these bibliographies covering its collection, compilation, supplements, researches, etc., and attempts to give an objective account of the historical development of these bibliographies. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Natural Philosophy in the Wei-Jin Dynasty Yuan-qing ZHU 2000, 32 (5):  43-51, 124.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.05.006 Abstract ( 26 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1230KB) ( 2 )   Save Natural philosophy is here referred to the comprehensive practical knowledge about the real physical world. During the Wei-Jin Dynasty a lot of naturalists such as LU Ji, ZHANG Hua, GUO Pu and so on came into being. The rise of natural philosophy was the result of accumulation of traditional Chinese knowledge. The learnings of lexicography, topology, agronomy, herbalism and drawing had the biggest effect on natural philosophy among all kinds of traditional knowledge. The natural philosophy of the Wei and Jin had its features of practice, accumulation of knowledge, and recordation of strange things. In a word, the natural philosophy of the Wei-Jin Dynasty represented an important step in the history of Chinese knowledge evolution. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Relations of the Illyrians to Their External World Jian SHEN 2000, 32 (5):  52-60.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.05.007 Abstract ( 25 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1351KB) ( 4 )   Save The Illyrians once left their traces remarkably in the ancient history of the Balkans. They always kept many-sided contacts with their peripheral world. With frequent contacts and influences of other nations, especially of the classical Greek and Roman civilization, the unique culture and individuality of the Illyrian nation took shape. And at the same time the Illyrian nation sought for new orientations through its communication and absorption during its developing course. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Clash and Migration on the 9 - 7 Century BC European-Asian Grassland Guo-wen HU 2000, 32 (5):  61-66, 125.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.05.008 Abstract ( 43 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (989KB) ( 2 )   Save In the primitive ages there lived on the European-Asian grassland a number of ancient tribes which already disappeared nowadays. From the ninth century BC on the co-effect of myriad factors such as natural conditions, population, society and specific geographic conditions, eventually led to a large-scale clash among these tribes and a grand westward migration. This historic episode of the clash and movement taking place in the primitive ages can be well deemed as the prelude of the well-known large-scale tribal migration in the fourth century AC. Its objective results are: opening up the continental passage between Europe and Asia in the primitive ages, shaping the trend of a gradually dwindling nomadic world and an expanding agricultural world, and strengthening the confluence of East-West civilizations and the fusion of different nationalities. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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On the Function and Development of Government Bond Markets in China Ying-li PAN 2000, 32 (5):  67-73, 125.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.05.009 Abstract ( 21 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (952KB) ( 2 )   Save The bond markets, especially the treasury bond markets, in developed countries have been developing quickly and playing a more important role in financial markets in near twenty-five years. The fact indicates that there is a wide and bright prospect of bond-market development in China. At present the development of government bond markets consisting of treasury bond and municipal bond should be attached great importance to. Our government should adopt a positive and initiative fiscal policy and issue long-term treasure bonds of ten to thirty years in large size. It is very necessary and feasible to set up and develop municipal bond markets in our country owing to its specially important role in China-such a large country. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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On the Mortgage Backed Securitization in Shanghai Jie WANG 2000, 32 (5):  74-77, 125.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.05.010 Abstract ( 30 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (559KB) ( 2 )   Save Certain specialized professional institutions or securities companies are vital to the operation of mortgage backed securitization (MBS). The Shanghai Mortgage Backed Securities Company (SMBSC) - a separate or independent mortgage backed securities company, should be established in Shanghai. The SMBSC is involved in determining banks to transfer the mortgage, setting the mortgage purchase standards, and optimizing the purchase procedure. Regarding the designing of the mortgage backed securities, it is inappropriate to develop too many products at present in Shanghai, and various factors need taking into account with respect to technicalities such as the interest rate and term structure. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Structured Derivatives and Collective Irrationality in International Capital Flows to Emerging Markets Dan NIE 2000, 32 (5):  78-84, 126.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.05.011 Abstract ( 29 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (912KB) ( 2 )   Save As an innovative financial derivative, the structured derivative contract developed on the basis of the Brady Bonds. Actually it is a total revenue swap contract, though it appears to be an investment grade bond. Therefore, it has a function called "credit enhancement", and is highly risky. When the structured derivative contract enters into emerging markets, the banks in developed countries are often reluctant to handle risks, the investors have no means to handle risks, the banks in emerging markets which transfer loans to domestic enterprises do not handle risks at all, and finally the existing regulation and supervision authorities are not capable to handle risks. All these will cause the collective irrationality in international capital flows to emerging markets and worsen financial crises. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Postwar Financial Diplomacy and the USA Financial Hegemony Gang LU 2000, 32 (5):  85-90, 126.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.05.012 Abstract ( 29 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (870KB) ( 1 )   Save The remarkable characteristic of the contemporary system of international relations is: the financial power is becoming one of the fundamental factors that influence each and every nation-state's political and social life, and is also the immediate reason that causes political crises and social turbulence in some developing countries. The United States and other Western powers know fully the big role of financial power that possesses more practical value than nuclear weapons. The great power can use own strong financial strength to attack the economic sovereignty of developing countries under the precondition of not breaching fundamental rules of international relations, and accordingly realize its purpose of setting up the stable global hegemony regime that can control in the peaceful time most countries' destiny in the world. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Language Innovation and the Rise of a New Tradition Guo-ming YIN 2000, 32 (5):  91-99, 126.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.05.013 Abstract ( 13 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1173KB) ( 1 )   Save The innovation of Chinese language in 1917, especially with the publication of the Mashi Wentong, had a profound influence on the development of modern Chinese literature, which not only made a breakthrough of the old tradition, but also took the national literature into a recontruction of a new tradition in learning. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Of the Play-Looker: LU Xun's Criticism at Another Kind of "National Bad Habits" Jun-rong MOU 2000, 32 (5):  100-107.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.05.014 Abstract ( 51 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF (1177KB) ( 6 )   Save LU Xun's criticism of "national bad habits" is one of his most important contributions in his life. His generalization of "the national character" includes not only the so-called method of spiritual victory of Ah Q, but also another important aspect, that is, the personality of a play-looker. Through the activity of "seeing a play the audiences refuse or dismember the sublime again and again. Consequently, the tragic and the orthodox are turned into the farcical through "seeing". Mentalities of a person as an onlooker of plays include cruel appreciation, senseless disturbance, hostile irony and taking pleasure in others' misfortune. Actually a playlooker is eaten by others when he is eating others. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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CHEN Yin-que's "Independent Ideology" Different from the Western "Academic Standard Jing XU 2000, 32 (5):  108-114, 127.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.05.015 Abstract ( 40 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (860KB) ( 0 )   Save In the study of the famous scholar CHEN Yin-que during the 90s a lot of researchers expressed their different interpretations of his assertion of "independent ideology and free spirit". Some often knowingly or unknowingly interpreted the "academic independence" expressed in CHEN's "independent ideology and free spirit" as the "academic standard". Through making an analysis of the "academic independence" and "academic standard", the author points out that the "academic independence" in Professor CHEN's thought is different from the "academic standard" in the sense of the Western theory of knowledge. Apart from his intensive and profound academic knowledge, we can see his intense spirit of realistic and ultimate concern. Also, the "independent ideology and free spirit" is different from the "learning for the sake of learning" in the West. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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WEN Yi-duo's Studies of the Two Poets in the Middle Period of the Tang Dynasty Xiao-lan ZHAO 2000, 32 (5):  115-120.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.05.016 Abstract ( 27 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1155KB) ( 1 )   Save After his inquiries of poets living in the middle period of the Tang Dynasty, WEN Yi-duo divided them into two categories; MEN Jiao and JIA Dao were two representative figures. In accordance with their different attitudes towards the real life MEN Jiao's poems were characterized by "writing realistically" and "daring to scold" - a spirit of critical realism, while JIA Dao tended to write "the other side of life" so as to escape reality and acquire a peaceful mind, which gradually became a common trend in late years of various dynasties after the Tang. References | Related Articles | Metrics