华东师范大学(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2017, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (1): 26-33.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2017.01.003

• 哲学与文化 • 上一篇    下一篇

谭嗣同认识哲学的过程和旨归

魏义霞   

  1. 黑龙江大学哲学学院暨中国近现代思想文化研究中心, 哈尔滨, 150080
  • 出版日期:2017-01-13 发布日期:2017-02-18
  • 作者简介:魏义霞,黑龙江大学哲学学院暨中国近现代思想文化研究中心教授,博士生导师(哈尔滨,150080)。
  • 基金资助:

    国家社会科学基金重点项目“康有为与谭嗣同思想比较研究”(项目编号:15AZX012)。

The Content and Ultimate Aim of TAN Si-tong's Cognitive Philosophy

WEI Yi-xia   

  • Online:2017-01-13 Published:2017-02-18
  • About author:WEI Yi-xia

摘要:

谭嗣同是最早对脑进行系统诠释的近代哲学家,并基于对脑的理解而探究人与世界的同一性问题。基于对认识过程和途径的考察,他肯定认识起于眼、耳、鼻、舌、身等感觉器官与外物的接触,呈现出经验论、反映论的特征。在此过程中,谭嗣同一面夸大人之感觉器官的有限与外部世界无限之间的矛盾,一面突出认识对象的瞬息万变、不可捕捉。在否定人可以通过眼、耳、鼻、舌、身五种感觉器官认识世界的前提下,他放弃感觉器官而寻求新的认识途径,试图信凭佛教的“一多相容”、“三世一时”洞彻真理,致使“转业识而成智慧”成为其认识哲学的最后归宿。至此,谭嗣同的认识哲学既包括由自然科学的实证方法而来的经验论、反映论,又包括由佛教而来的玄想、顿悟,由此构成了一道独特景观。

关键词: 谭嗣同, 认识哲学, 认识过程, 认识旨归, 近代哲学

Abstract:

TAN Si-tong was the first modern Chinese philosopher who provided a systemic explanation of human brain, based on which he also studied the identity between people and the world. By investigating the cognitive process, he confirmed that cognition is started by contacting things with sense organs such as eyes, ears, the nose, the tongue and the body. This is to some extent an empirical theory of reflection. While exaggerating the contradiction between the limit of human sense organs and the infinite of the exterior world, and highlighting the constant change of cognitive objects, TAN denied the possibility of knowing the world with sense organs and sought a new cognitive approach, that is, seizing the truth via Buddhist doctrines of the "consistency of one and many" and the "simutaneous existence of the future, the present and the past". In this way, "transforming knowledge of karma into wisdom" becomes the ultimate aim of his cognitive philosophy. TAN's cognitive philosophy is unique in its combination of Buddhist meditation and enlightenment on the one hand and an empirical theory of reflection from a positivist approach of natural sciences on the other.

Key words: TAN Si-tong, cognitive philosophy, cognitive process, ultimate aim of cognition