华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2024, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (3): 102-113.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2024.03.010

• 禅宗经典思想研究 • 上一篇    

“无念”之道：慧能禅思想的原创性与禅悟的奥秘

顾明栋   

  • 接受日期:2024-04-29 出版日期:2024-05-15 发布日期:2024-06-05
  • 作者简介:顾明栋，上海交通大学文学院访问讲习教授（上海，200240），美国达拉斯德州大学人文艺术学院凯萨琳·西塞尔讲座教授

The Dao of Thoughtlessness：The Original Essence of Chinese Chan and the Secret of the Chan-enlightenment

Mingdong Gu   

  • Accepted:2024-04-29 Online:2024-05-15 Published:2024-06-05

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摘要：

禅宗在世界思想史上占有独特的地位，其独创性来自惠能的《坛经》 ，但在后来，禅宗的发展似乎出现一种趋势，该趋势大大削弱了惠能原初思想的原创性，并显示了一种将惠能的禅思想重新皈依于汉传佛教思想的体制性努力。因此，很有必要追寻惠能禅宗思想的源头，还原其思想的革命性。采用史料研究与心理学、神经科学、哲学相结合的方法，对照老庄道家思想细读惠能对《金刚经》 的解读及其敦煌版《坛经》 中的创新思想和修行方法，旨在揭示禅的独创性和普世吸引力，以及迄今为止禅悟不为人知的秘密。结论是惠能禅思想的渊源不是佛教的“空”，而是道家的“无”，其核心思想是“无念”之道，而禅悟也并非佛教的觉悟。

关键词: 禅宗, 佛教, 印度禅, 坛经, 禅悟

Abstract:

Chan Buddhism occupies a unique position in the intellectual history of the world, and its originality comes from Huineng’s Platform Sutra. However, there seems to have been a trend in the development of Chan Buddhism, which is characterized by a significant reduction of Huineng’s originality and an institutional effort to attribute Huineng’s Chan to Chinese Buddhism. Hence, it is necessary to trace back to the origin of Huineng’s Chan and restore its revolutionary feature. Adopting an approach that integrates historical research with psychology, neuroscience, and philosophy, this paper closely examines Huineng’s interpretation of The Diamond Sutra and his innovative ideas and methods of cultivation in the Dunhuang version of The Platform Sutra in comparison with Laozi and Zhuangzi’ Daoism so as to discover the originality and universal appeal of Chan and the secret of Chan-enlightenment. It concludes that Chan, whose essence lies in thoughtlessness, is originated from Daoist Nothingness rather than Buddhist Emptiness, and Chan-enlightenment is not Buddhist satori.

Key words: Chan Buddhism, Buddhism, Indian Dhyana, The Platform Sutra, Chan-enlightenment