华东师范大学(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2012, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (1): 90-104.

• 中国哲学与文化 • 上一篇    下一篇

论孔携道、易基本格局 
——《易传》语篇分析

傅惠生   

  1. 华东师范大学对外汉语学院, 上海, 200062
  • 出版日期:2012-01-15 发布日期:2012-03-27
  • 通讯作者: 傅惠生
  • 作者简介:傅惠生

A Study on the Basic Structure of Confucius together with Daoists in the Appendices to the Book of Changes

FU Hui-Sheng   

  • Online:2012-01-15 Published:2012-03-27
  • Contact: FU Hui-Sheng
  • About author: FU Hui-Sheng

摘要: 选取《系辞》中四个关于《周易》本体论表述的语篇和四个关于《周易》认识论表述的语篇进行分析,明显可以感受《易传》包含思想流派的糅杂和多样;进而从五个方面:《说卦传》、《系辞下•第二章》和《易传》中有关阴阳说的内容,乾坤卦经文、彖传、象传与《文言传》,《彖传》与《象传》,《系辞传》,和《序卦传》与《杂卦传》,对整个《易传》进行思想流派语篇分析式的扫描,从而显示其历史文化的演变和传承,一定程度上真实地折射出战国时期百家争鸣、流派纷呈的状态;再以西周初期的思想文化、春秋后期的思想文化以及战国时期的思想文化为背景,总体看待《易传》的思想流派,可以明显看出孔子的思想、道家各派的思想和西周初期的《周易》思想依次形成了孔携道、易及其他的《易传》思想流派基本格局。具体而言,以西周初期统治思想文化为基础的《周易》,经孔子引道入易研究方法的开拓和划时代的理性思维研究,揭开了蒙在《周易》上的已经淡薄的占筮思维面纱,经战国时期多派道家和其他不同思想流派的共同研究,至战国末年或西汉早年今本《易传》定型,使得《周易》的经、传结合真正成为具有我国古代深厚文化传统的理性哲学著作。认识这一点,对于如何评价孔子的思想和历史地位以及重新梳理中国古代哲学史、易学史和儒学史有一定的学术参考价值。

关键词: 《易传》, 孔携道、易, 基本格局

Abstract: Modern and contemporary studies of the Appendices to the Book of Changes (Yi Zhuan) often focused on different schools of thought implied in it. Some insisted that Appendices should be written by Confucius, some held that it was written by Daoist scholars, and some by scholars of the YinYang School. The textual analysis of Appendices may bring us a new and rational substantial understanding of Appendices. In it, those different expositions of what the Book of Changes  was and how it reflected the world mainly reflected understandings of different schools in the phase of “hundred school contention” of the whole Warring States Period, a unique traditional cultural phenomenon. The Book of Changes, based on the early Western Zhou ruling thought and culture, gradually became our nation’s rational philosophical writing instead of a mysterious divination book after Confucius’ and Daoists’ rational studies. And meanwhile, the Appendices to the Book of Changes also became a truly philosophical writing with profound ancient Chinese culture, and its basic structure of Confucius together with Daoists and scholars of changes was formed. Such an understanding may have a certain academic referential value in evaluating Confucius’ thought and historical position and reexamining ancient Chinese histories of philosophy, changeology and Confucianism.