华东师范大学(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2014, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (5): 1-9.

• 文学研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

《皇帝之问:宋代殿试策问及其模式化焦虑》

方笑一   

  1. 华东师范大学古籍研究所
  • 出版日期:2014-09-15 发布日期:2014-10-02
  • 通讯作者: 方笑一
  • 作者简介:方笑一
  • 基金资助:

    本文系国家社科基金青年项目“宋代试策与策文研究”(11CZW033)、上海市浦江人才计划“策论与经义:宋代科举考试文体比较研究”(14PJC028)阶段性成果。

The Questions from Emperors: the Questions in the Final Imperial Examination and the Patternized Anxiety in the Song Dynasty

FANG Xiao-yi   

  • Online:2014-09-15 Published:2014-10-02
  • Contact: FANG Xiao-yi
  • About author:FANG Xiao-yi

摘要: 对宋代殿试策问的研究,通常关注其所蕴含的史料价值或文体学意义,但这两种视角各有局限。在试策被确立为宋代殿试的唯一项目之后,殿试策问成为宋代皇帝和士人沟通的重要方式。策问中普遍反映出帝王的焦虑,问题由焦虑所引发。焦虑通常来源于与上古理想政治状态的反差,与汉唐明君、本朝先皇统治状况的比较,儒家经典文本的制约,以及天降灾异。其实这些焦虑和来源也出现于前代帝王及文人拟作的策问之中,是一种“模式化焦虑”,是宋代皇帝与士大夫共享的一套政治话语的组成部分,体现了传统中国帝王们政治想象力的深刻局限。一旦面临非常的政治情势,殿试策问中仍然会显示出独特的政治印记,它们夹杂、隐匿于模式化焦虑和惯常的政治话语之中。

关键词: 宋代, 皇帝之问, 殿试, 策问, 模式化焦虑, 政治话语

Abstract: The current study on the questions in the final imperial examination in the Song Dynasty usually confines itself to their historical values and stylistic significance. After being accepted as the only content in the final imperial examination, the practice of questioning and answering became an important way of communication between the emperor and the literati. The palace questions normally reflected the anxiety of the emperor, which often derived from the contrast between the present governance and the ideal one in the ancient, the excellent one in the Han or Tang Dynasties, or that of previous emperors in the Song Dynasty. The anxiety also came from natural calamities or the doctrines and recordings in the Confucian Classics. Such anxiety, as well as its causes, had occurred in the palace questions before. It can be called “the patternized anxiety”, which belongs to the political discourse shared by the emperor and the literati. It shows the serious limitations of ancient emperors in political imagination. Once the political situation was severe, however, the palace questions would possess some special political imprints mingled with and conceived by the patternized anxiety and usual political discourse as well.