华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (3): 147-162.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2025.03.014

• 当下经济问题探讨 • 上一篇    

债务结构、国内债务链与现代经济增长——基于三部门四主体债务债权关联的理论逻辑

胡晓鹏   

  • 接受日期:2025-04-24 出版日期:2025-05-15 发布日期:2025-05-28
  • 作者简介:胡晓鹏,上海社会科学院世界经济研究所研究员(上海,200020)
  • 基金资助:
    上海文化发展基金会资助项目“人工智能发展的全球态势及其对中国影响和应对”项目(项目编号:2024B001)。

Debt Structure,Domestic Debt Chains,and Modern Economic Growth:Theoretical Logic Based on Debt-Credit Linkages Among Three Sectors and Four Entities

Xiaopeng Hu   

  • Accepted:2025-04-24 Online:2025-05-15 Published:2025-05-28

摘要:

国内债务链通过链长、链宽及系统重要性节点重构经济运行逻辑。基于对政府、企业、家庭及金融机构的债务债权关联矩阵的分析显示,债务链对经济均衡的影响呈现非对称性:景气周期时,乐观预期通过延长链长、扩大链宽刺激增长,但深度悲观预期下链宽扩张与风险累积正相关;非景气阶段,政府赤字调节虽可避免衰退,却难以突破“低增长—高利率”困局,过度债务扩张则导致风险增速远超产出增速。其机制源于债务链与经济周期、市场预期的交互作用——扩张期发挥资金乘数效应,收缩期转化为风险传导通道。上述研究表明,需将债务链参数及周期变量嵌入国民收入模型,通过构建含流动性约束与风险溢价的动态预期函数,修正传统消费投资理论偏差,为宏观政策精准干预提供依据。

关键词: 债务结构, 国内债务链, 经济增长, 预期, 经济周期

Abstract:

Domestic debt chains reshape economic dynamics through chain length (transmission hierarchy), chain breadth (scale of interconnected entities), and systemically critical nodes. The analysis of the debt-credit linkage matrix among governments, enterprises, households, and financial institutions reveals debt chains’ asymmetric impacts on economic equilibrium. During economic upswings, optimistic expectations stimulate growth by extending chain length and expanding chain breadth, yet under deep pessimism, broader chain breadth correlates with risk accumulation. In downturns, fiscal deficits mitigate recession but fail to resolve the “low growth-high interest rate” trap, while excessive debt expansion accelerates risks beyond output gains. This mechanism stems from the interaction between debt chains, economic cycles, and market expectations: debt chains amplify capital multipliers during expansions while transform into risk transmission channels during contractions. This study highlights the need to embed debt chain parameters and cyclical variables into national income models, constructing dynamic expectation functions with liquidity constraints and risk premiums to refine traditional consumption-investment theories and inform targeted macro-policy interventions.

Key words: debt structure, domestic debt chain, economic growth, expectation, economic cycles