华东师范大学(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2012, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (2): 23-29.

• 中国史研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

17世纪中荷海商集团组织差异及原因分析

赵雅丹   

  1. 上海政法学院国际事务与公共管理学院， 上海， 201701
  • 出版日期:2012-03-15 发布日期:2012-03-29
  • 通讯作者: 赵雅丹
  • 作者简介:赵雅丹

A Study on Organizational Differences of the 17th century Chinese and Dutch Overseas Trade Groups

ZHAO Ya-Dan   

  • Online:2012-03-15 Published:2012-03-29
  • Contact: ZHAO Ya-Dan
  • About author: ZHAO Ya-Dan

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摘要： 17世纪，中国和荷兰都出现了追求利润的海商集团，但是郑氏集团和荷兰东印度公司商业组织的产生形式、组织形式、决策模式均不尽相同。荷兰东印度公司是大规模经营、以国家政权为后盾运作的股份制垄断公司。而郑氏集团区别于中国传统的组织松散的、基于血缘、地缘结合的海商联盟，建立起一个复杂的商业—军事复合体，即依靠血缘、地缘为主、指令性结构的军事组织，集中管理的海陆五商和具备海关功能的海商管理部门。中西出现差异的原因在于形成垄断的方式与国家的关系不同，中国的海商集团立足于某一区域内的垄断和强大，而西方的海商集团则不计成本的全球扩张。

关键词: 荷兰东印度公司, 郑氏集团, 组织模式

Abstract: In the 17th century, Dutch established the East India Company engaging in overseas trade in Asia, and the Zhengs overseas trade group could develop itself to be a leading private trader over the seas. Although they both were in pursuit of profits, their group organizational models had many differences because of their different formations and decisionmaking mechanisms. The East India Company was a largescale, state supported and jointstock company. The Zhengs overseas trade group was not a traditional overseas trader alliance which was loosely constructed and based on blood and geographical relations. It was a businessmilitary complex, which mixed a military organization with blood and geographical relations, and was a centralized administrative department of overseas trade with a function of customs.