华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2022, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (4): 69-76.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2022.04.007

• 全球思想史研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

文化迁移研究的人类学维度*

[法]米歇尔·埃斯巴涅   

  • 接受日期:2022-06-10 出版日期:2022-07-15 发布日期:2022-07-26
  • 作者简介:[法]米歇尔·埃斯巴涅（Michel Espagne），巴黎高等师范学校文化迁变研究中心主任

The Anthropological Dimension of Cultural Transfer Research

Michel Espagne   

  • Accepted:2022-06-10 Online:2022-07-15 Published:2022-07-26

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摘要：

人类学多考察欧洲以外的文化迁移现象，但其路径和方法亦对欧洲内部文化史的研究有所启发。如埃文斯·普里查德对努尔人和丁卡人的考察，贝特森对“纳文”和社会分化现象的阐释，都在某种程度上可适用于欧洲文化的研究。部分原因在于，早期人类学的发展正源于欧洲内部现象的“投射”，马林诺夫斯基、弗朗茨·博厄斯和弗罗贝纽斯等人类学家，都对欧洲内部的文化迁移有所体会。此外，语文学和艺术史也发源于文化迁移，并对其方法论有所贡献。最后，人类学也丰富了对三边互动、记忆研究和语义概念史等既有方法的理解。

关键词: 文化迁移, 人类学, 比较研究, 全球史

Abstract:

Anthropology has mostly studied the phenomenon of cultural transfer outside Europe, but its approaches and methods have also inspired the study of cultural history within Europe. For example, Evans-Pritchard’s examination of the Nuer and Dinka, and Gregory Bateson’s interpretation of the phenomenon of Naven and Schismogenese, are applicable to the study of European culture. This is partly due to the fact that early anthropology developed from the projection of inner-European phenomena, and anthropologists such as Malinowski, Franz Boas, and Leo Frobenius were all aware of the cultural transfer within Europe. In addition, both philology and art history also have their origins in cultural transfer and contribute to its methodology. Finally, anthropology has also enriched the understanding of established methods such as trilateral transfer, memory studies, and Begriffsgeschichte.

Key words: cultural transfer, anthropology, comparative research, global history