The American Roles during the Rise and Fall of the Sino-Soviet Alliance

doi:10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2007.03.002

Abstract

Abstract:

Generally speaking, there were three main roles to be played by the United States during the rise and fall of the Sino-Soviet alliance: common threat, wedge driver, and balance keeper.As to the common threat, the threat from the U.S.was exaggerated.Neither China nor USSR had regarded the U.S.as a direct and imminent threat before the formation of the Sino-Soviet alliance.As a wedge driver, America's role was very limited.The collapse of the Sino-Soviet alliance was not consistent with the American government's wedge strategy.It was China's and USSR's different ideas and policies towards the U.S.that caused the collapse of their alliance.As a balance keeper, Nixon Administration simultaneously improved relations with both China and USSR.The so-called "China card" and "tacit ally" was exaggerated.

Key words: Sino-Soviet Alliance, American role, common threat, wedge driver, balance keeper

CLC Number:

K153

Jun LIU. The American Roles during the Rise and Fall of the Sino-Soviet Alliance[J]. Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences), 2007, 39(3): 9-13.

References 17

1	邓小平 1993, 邓小平文选: 第3卷. 北京: 人民出版社.
2	李丹慧 2002, 北京与莫斯科: 从联盟走向对抗. 南宁: 广西师范大学出版社.
3	牛军 1989, 从赫尔利到马歇尔——美国调处国共矛盾始末. 福州: 福建人民出版社.
4	Dieter Heinzig. The Soviet Union and Communist China, 1945—1950, The Arduous Road to the Alliance[M]. M. E. Sharpe, 2004.
5	杨奎松 1997, 中共与莫斯科的关系(1920-1960). 香港: 海啸出版事业有限公司.
6	牛军, 1996, 《论新中国对美政策的形成》, 《美国研究》第4期。
7	Gordon H. Chang 1990, Friends and Enemies: The United States, Chinaand the Soviet Union, 1948—1972. Stanford University Press.
8	张小明, 1999, 《美国对中苏同盟的认识与反应—从同盟的建立到破裂》, 《历史研究》第5期。
9	John Lewis Gaddis 2005, The Cold War, A New History. New York: The Penguin Press.
10	John Lewis Gaddis. The American"Wedge"Strategy, 1949—1955[A]. Harry Harding and Yuan Ming. Sino—American relations, 1945—1955: a joint reassessment of a critical decade[C]. SR books, 1989.
11	John Lewis Gaddis 1997, We Now Know, Rethinking Cold War History. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
12	蔡佳禾, 2001, 《肯尼迪政府与1962年的中印边界冲突》, 《中国社会科学》第6期。
13	Nancy Bernkopf Tucker. China Confidential, American Diplomatsand Sino—American Relations, 1945—1996[C], Columbia UniversityPress, 2001.
14	Odd Arne Westad. The Sino—Soviet Alliance and the UnitedStates[A]. Brothers in Arms, The Rise and Fall of the Sino—Soviet Al-liance, 1945—1963[M]. Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 1998.
15	Evelyn Goh 2004, Constructing the U. S. Rapprochement with China, 1961—1974, From"Red Menace"to"Tacit Ally". Cambridge University Press.
16	Wang Zhongchun. The Soviet Factor in Sino—American Normal-ization, 1969—1979[A]. William C. Kirby, Robert S. Ross, and GongLi. Normalization of U. S. —China Relations, An International History[C]. Harvard University Press, 2004.
17	Li Jie. China's Domestic Politics and the Normalization of Sino—U. S. Relations, 1969—1979[A]. William C. Kirby, Robert S. Ross, and Gong Li. Normalization of U. S. —China Relations, An International History[C]. Harvard University Press, 2005.

[1]	Xin ZHAN. The United States Intelligence Community's Assessment and Forecast of China's Nuclear Weapon Program (1955-1967) [J]. Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences), 2007, 39(3): 19-24.
[2]	Yu YAO. The "Economic Offensive" Launched by Socialist Countries towards Underdeveloped Regions——Intelligence Estimates of U.S. Government during 1956-1960 [J]. Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences), 2007, 39(3): 14-18.
[3]	Wei min YU. International Rivalry and Local Revolution--An Exposition of the Logic of Cold War [J]. Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences), 2005, 37(2): 22-28, 14.