Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to make a comparison between the original French version of The Social Contract and MA Junwu’s translation book of Zuben Lusao Minyuelun, and then to analyze MA’s interpretation of The Social Contract. The questions focus on the points as follows: Did MA Junwu properly translate any core idea of Rousseau’s book? What were the differences between Rousseau’s thought and MA’s thought? Without doubt, there were some natural barriers between Rousseau and MA Junwu, which were related to their different religious beliefs and moral values.