Abstract: In essence the risk is a category of modernity, and the risk society is an institutional effect and negative result of reflexive movement in modernity. The reflection on enlightenment and reconstruction of reason is a possible way to overcome the predicament of modernity. The ecological enlightenment, which is regarded as an intellectual revolution and political and social practice, is essentially a second enlightenment and rationalization. It is proposed to absorb ecological rationality into enlightenment rationality, maintain ecological justice and carry out ecological governance. The ecological enlightenment will go beyond the binary dilemma between man and nature by reconstructing a distribute mechanism and ethics in risk society, thus promoting transformations from industrial civilization to ecological civilization.