Abstract: Against the background of urbanization, China’s basic public service in the rural and urban areas has shifted from the urban-rural dual structure to the more complex urban-semi-urban-rural trinity structure. The study of the equalization of basic public services should take into consideration the supply-demand relations, and focus on the common and different needs of three heterogeneous groups for public service, i.e. citizens, quasi-citizens (rural-to-urban migrants) and rural residents, as well as on how to mobilize resources from the government, society and the market to meet their needs. Firstly, the financial input system should be improved, in order to ensure the satisfaction of the common needs of urban and rural population. Secondly, the synergy supply from the government, society and the market should be encouraged, so as to meet, with more efficiency, the rural and urban population’s distinct needs for public service. Last but not the least, reforms on the land system and the household registration system should be conducted so as to remove obstacles on the way to the equalization of basic public service in the rural and urban areas.