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15 November 2013, Volume 45 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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２０世纪中国社会思潮研究

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The Revolutionary Era and the Rising of Philosophical Radicalism GAO Rui-quan 2013, 45 (6):  1-17.  Abstract ( 646 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF (805KB) ( 1481 )   Save After a critical reflection on radicalism for 20 years, more positive discussion is in need about the Chinese radicalism in the 20th century. Radicalism, which forms a triangle with the conservatism and liberalism and serves as an instrument in analyzing the modern public intellectual history, not only shows an “attitude” or “tendency”, but also embraces some substantial theoretical “doctrine”. The social foundation for its birth can only be understood from the perspective of the social history of the “revolutionary era”. The revolution in China in the 20th century is not only political and cultural, but involves a fundamental transformation in social structure as well. The period from 1895 to 1995 has witnessed the whole “rising-declining” picture of the radicalism in the “revolutionary era”. Radicalism has political, cultural, philosophical and other dimensions. Philosophical radicalism not only provides the philosophical defense but also serves as the spiritual core for political and cultural dimensions of radicalism. The philosophical radicalism includes roughly four aspects: progressivism, the doctrine of social revolution, equalitarianism and utilitarianism. A deeper genealogical analysis is required to examine how these aspects jointly lay a philosophical foundation for radicalism. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Theoretical Characteristics and Practice of Chinese Cultural Conservatism in the 20th Century HU Feng-xiang 2013, 45 (6):  18-24.  Abstract ( 603 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF (548KB) ( 1069 )   Save The cultural conservatism is one of the most important doctrines of cultural construction during the social transformation in China in the 20th century. Theoretically, it always insists that the construction of modern Chinese culture should be based on inheriting and transforming traditions so as to maintain the main characteristics of the nationality. In this way, the cultural conservatism is completely opposite to the cultural radicalism, which aims at “Westernization”. As a modern cultural thought, the cultural conservatism distinguishes itself from other obstinate conservatisms for its inheritance of the tradition is based on a modern self-consciousness. The performance of its representative schools such as nationalism, the Orient Culture Clique, Xueheng School and modern Confucianism shows that the contribution of the cultural conservatism mainly lies in the systematical construction of theories and modern cultural philosophy rather than in social practice, which explains well why it has been marginalized for a long time in modern society. Related Articles | Metrics

吕思勉研究

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Lv Simian and the Materialist Conception of History ZHANG Gen-hua 2013, 45 (6):  25-30.  Abstract ( 533 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF (583KB) ( 1128 )   Save Lv Simian began to come into contact with the materialist conception of history in the early 20th century and expressed his agreement no later than 1920s. Especially, he advocated and performed the practice of explaining social and historical phenomena in terms of economic elements. However, differing from other materialist historians at that time, he refused to regard economic elements as the only factors and reduce all issues to them, let alone distort historical facts to adapt to a certain doctrine of historical evolution in explaining Chinese history. This bottom line of his advocating and applying the materialist conception of history was also used in his criticism of the “excessive believers of the materialist conception of history”. Such bottom-line has been not permitted in the academic and ideological situations since 1950s. In his old age, Lv seldom talked about the materialist conception of history. However, it is the fact that he adhered to the materialist conception of history in his whole life. Related Articles | Metrics

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Lv Simian’s Historical Study and Gu Yanwu: Inheritance and Development LI Bo 2013, 45 (6):  31-38.  Abstract ( 666 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF (638KB) ( 1255 )   Save Deeply influenced by the academics in the Qing Dynasty, Lv Simian inherits the traditional approach of reading classics first and then carrying on independent studies. Among the historical works of the Qing Dynasty, Gu Yanwu’s book Ri Zhi Lu (Record of Daily Knowing) has the most important influence on Lv Simian. Lv inherits well the study style of Gu Yanwu, who draws his conclusions according to numerous historical literatures, combines textual examination and the investigation of the reality, and emphasizes the practical function of historical writings in managing state affairs. In addition, Lv actively adapts to the trend of his time and studies history from the new academic perspective in new theoretical frameworks, which all contributes to his unprecedented achievements in the field of historical studies. Related Articles | Metrics

儒学研究

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Innate Knowledge and the Moral Foundation of Public Reason LI Hong-wei 2013, 45 (6):  39-45.  Abstract ( 717 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF (521KB) ( 1093 )   Save Similar to Kant, Rawls’ doctrine of public reason involves issues such as citizens’ cooperation intention and reciprocity. It has been ignored that the Confucian doctrine of liangzhi (innate knowledge) emphasizes the “common-sense” between the self and others: to hurt others is to hurt oneself. This contains not only the inborn sympathy (that is, the sympathy to others’ predicaments), the responsibility of mutual assistance, but also the sentiment of treating each other in a fair way. The ultimate empirical evidence for the “common-sense” of the personal experience is that “all things are one body”. This Confucian position is demonstrated in Confucius’ stress on “repay a good turn with a good turn”, especially “repay an injury with straightness”. The public appeal in the Confucian doctrine of innate knowledge makes it possible to be a foundation for the construction of public reason. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Progressive View of History and Traditional Spiritual Life: An Inherent Problem in Fung Yu-lan’s New Principle Learning BAO Wen-xin 2013, 45 (6):  46-51.  Abstract ( 626 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF (425KB) ( 1288 )   Save From the perspective of the “concern for the times”, we can see an inherent problem in Fung Yu-lan’s system of “New Principle Learning”, i.e., the incoordination between the progressive view of history (Xin Shilun) and the transcendent sphere of Heaven and Earth (Xin Yuanren). This dates back to the divergence between the progressive Dao and the eternal Whole in Xin Lixue. This incoordination is embodied obviously in the argumentative difficulty of “revolutionary morals”. It reminds us that a common dilemma in modern China is also in Fung, that is, the dilemma of the “motivation of action to progress the history” and the “commitment of a present perfection”. Fung gradually inclines to the latter. However, the issue itself is still significant today. Related Articles | Metrics

文学

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The History of Modern Chinese Literature in Light of a Rhetor: Basing on an Examination of Modern Vernacular Examples in Xiucixue Fafan ZHANG Hong-qian & LIU Fei 2013, 45 (6):  52-61.  Abstract ( 810 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF (778KB) ( 1260 )   Save It is well acknowledged that Xiucixue Fafan (An Introduction to Rhetoric) built the foundation for Chinese modern rhetoric. Chen Wangdao applies for the first time vernacular examples as a response to the bias that “rhetoric cannot be used in vernacular” in the May 4thPeriod, which plays an important role in the process of the institutionalization of modern Chinese. Therefore, by studying Xiucixue Fafan and analyzing the modern vernacular examples in the book, we can examine the history of modern Chinese literature from a new perspective. Moreover, from the selections and changes of language examples in different versions of Xiucixue Fafan we can also see Chen Wangdao’s value orientation in literature and the political influence on the standard of literature judgment. Related Articles | Metrics

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Wanxiang and the Literature in 1940s ZHANG Li-bing 2013, 45 (6):  62-71.  Abstract ( 679 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF (673KB) ( 1104 )   Save Wanxiang (Panorama) was a popular cultural magazine in Shanghai in 1940s, whose historical background are often described with the keywords such as “the anti-Japanese War”, “isolated island” and “enemy-occupied area”. The literature policy of the Japanese Puppet Regime, the editing principle and the market operation mechanism determine, the complicated culture environment and development of the different stages of Wanxiang and its three typical features in the followings: first, it adopts the narrative strategy of “implicit writing” about the war, containing the narration of nation state and the reflection on colonial modernity; second, literary creation turns to citizens’ daily life while the narrative language is filled with anxiety between “affirmation” and “criticism”; third, it promotes the “popular literature movement” that combines the tradition and the modern, and accommodates to both refined and popular tastes, and the “correct ideology”, “exquisite taste”and “common life” label the justified identity of popular literature. Wanxiang shows the complexity of literary history in the enemy-occupied area, enriches the literature in 1940s and presents the intricate development of modern Chinese literature. Related Articles | Metrics

冷战史研究

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On the Soviet Union’s Policy of Compensation Claim against Germany after World War Ⅱ LI Feng-yan 2013, 45 (6):  72-78.  Abstract ( 572 )   HTML ( 15 )   PDF (572KB) ( 896 )   Save After World War Ⅱ, the compensation claim against Germany was greatly concerned by the Soviet Union, the U.S. and the UK because it was related to the national security and economic reconstruction of Soviet Union, the destiny of Germany, and the trend of international situations in post-war Europe. Since the Soviet Union’s compensation claim policy formulated before the Yalta conference had encountered the opposition of the U.S. and the UK, and the agreement reached by hard negotiation became a dead letter, the Soviet Union had no choice but claim compensation only in the German occupied area in the Soviet Union. The formulation, adjustment and implementation of the Soviet Union’s policy of compensation claim against Germany was reciprocal causation with the evolvement of major powers’ relations from cooperation to the Cold War after World WarⅡ. Meanwhile, it deeply changed the Soviet Union, Germany, and the post-war international situation in Europe. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Soviet Union and the Korean War: An Examination Centering on Soviet Activities at the United Nations SONG Xiao-qin 2013, 45 (6):  79-85.  Abstract ( 634 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF (507KB) ( 1296 )   Save In the early period after World War Ⅱ, the Korean election under the UN inspection had to be held only in southern Korea due to the confrontation of the Soviet-American relations, which caused the separation of Korea into two parts. After the outbreak of the Korean War, the U.S. promptly intervened in the war in the name of the UN under the condition that the Soviet Union hadn’t returned to the Security Council in time. With the early military success of Chinese Peoples’ Voluntary Army, the Soviet Union rejected to accept the UN ceasefire suggestion, which led to the missing of a chance to end the War as early as possible. When the War came into a deadlock, the communication between the Soviet Union and the US through the UN channel promoted to open the door of the armistice negotiations. After the issue of prisoners of war (POW) was submitted into the UN, the Soviet’s adherence to the principle that all POWs should be repatriated unconditionally made the UN reach no conclusion. In short, the Soviet-American game on the Korean issue in the UN framework often results in a zero-sum rather than a win-win situation, which has had an important impact on the intensification of the Korean War and the delay of the armistice negotiations. Related Articles | Metrics

社会学研究

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The New Pattern of Urbanization: A Theoretical Interpretation of the Endogenous Development of Rural Areas ZHANG Wen-ming & TENG Yan-hua 2013, 45 (6):  86-92.  Abstract ( 698 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF (556KB) ( 1128 )   Save The new pattern of urbanization, proposed by the central government, is a new path to achieve a balanced development between urban and rural areas in the new era. This pattern hasn’t been deeply discussed in the academic circle. In 1991, Li Keqiang had proposed the basic prototype of new pattern of urbanization in the doctrine of the ternary structure of China’s economy. Borrowing the theory of endogenous development in Western sociology, this paper interprets the new pattern as “another type of development”. In essence, the new pattern attempts to provide rural society with sufficient motivations and rights, develop its self-control ability, to realize its self-sustainable mechanism so that rural areas can cope with the challenges of urbanization and industrialization, and ultimately achieve a balanced development between urban and rural areas. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Localization of Social Work from the Perspective of Practice Knowledge AN Qiu-lin 2013, 45 (6):  93-98.  Abstract ( 643 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF (447KB) ( 1275 )   Save It is necessary and urgent to localize social work experience imported from the West in spite of its high speed development in China. Due to the lacking of enough attention to local social work practice and the deficiency of local social work experience, we still need new perspectives to find out how to localize social work in China even we know that we must do so. This paper attempts to introduce the new perspective of practice knowledge to the localization of social work. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Localization of Social Work from the Perspective of Practice Knowledge AN Qiu-lin 2013, 45 (6):  99-106.  Abstract ( 564 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF (503KB) ( 865 )   Save It is necessary and urgent to localize social work experience imported from the West in spite of its high speed development in China. Due to the lacking of enough attention to local social work practice and the deficiency of local social work experience, we still need new perspectives to find out how to localize social work in China even we know that we must do so. This paper attempts to introduce the new perspective of practice knowledge to the localization of social work. Related Articles | Metrics

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On the Secularization in the Development of the Worldly Buddhism TANG Zhong-mao 2013, 45 (6):  107-115.  Abstract ( 624 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF (631KB) ( 2358 )   Save The “worldly Buddhism”, first promoted by Taixu and then developed by Yinshun and Zhao Puchu et al, has become the mainstream in Chinese Buddhism and been taken as a pattern accustomed to modern society. However, the current development of the worldly Buddhism has engendered various arguments and doubts centered on “secularization”. This is due to the fact that the word “secularization” itself has various interpretations, and different observers hold different stances and apply the word “secularization” in different contexts. In talking about the “secularization” of Chinese Buddhism, some observers are confined in the Chinese historical context of Chinese Buddhism with ignorance of the grand backdrop provided by theories of modernity; some believe in some Western religious sociology while neglect the difference between Chinese Buddhism and Western religions; others insist that secularization and religion are opposite to each other. Hence, it is conducive to the theoretical construction of the worldly Buddhism and the future development of Chinese Buddhism to clarify the conceptual history of the word “secularization” and its different contexts, and further to analyze and clear up the “secularization” issue in the development of the worldly Buddhism. Related Articles | Metrics

公司治理研究

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The Research on the Act of Embezzlement of Controlling Shareholders of Listed Companies in China under Complete Circulation LAN Fa-qin, LI Yong-mei & CHEN Xiao-peng 2013, 45 (6):  116-122.  Abstract ( 594 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF (466KB) ( 1105 )   Save Based on the controlling shareholders decision model of the existing literatures, this paper constructs a three-stage model of controlling shareholders’ utility maximization to analyze the influence factors of the controlling shareholders’ tunneling, unloading and sustaining behaviors. Empirical studies show that the unloading behavior of controlling shareholders is primary determined by the controlling shareholders’ original shareholding ratio, injection or share repurchase ratio, private benefits multiplier of the controlling stake, and the external legal environment. Considering the embezzlement of the controlling shareholder under complete circulation and its principal causes, external legal system, information disclosure, corporate governance are all aspects that deserve much attention to protect the interests of the market participants, especially individual investors. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Ownership Nature and the Pay-performance Stickiness of Senior Executives SUN Li & YANG Li-ping 2013, 45 (6):  123-131.  Abstract ( 647 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF (535KB) ( 1382 )   Save The executive compensation of listed companies is characterized by secret stickiness, that is, the increase of salaries accompanied with the growth of operating performance is significantly higher than the decrease of salaries caused by the dropping of companies’ performance. This paper uses statistical regression method to analyze the data of 2475 companies listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share market. By comparing the pay-performance stickiness of listed companies with different forms of ownership, this paper demonstrates that the pay-performance stickiness of state-owned companies is significantly stronger than that of private-owned companies. This study offers reference for further optimization for executives’ performance appraisal system in state-owned companies. Related Articles | Metrics

金融问题探讨

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A Macro-Economic Explanation of the Equity Premium: Evidence from China’s A-share Market LI Wei &YAO Qiu-ping 2013, 45 (6):  132-139.  Abstract ( 650 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF (1282KB) ( 1750 )   Save Whether China’s A-share market exists “equity premium puzzle” has always been argued with controversy. Based on considering the impact of macroeconomic factors, such as currency liquidity, overall tax revenue and the price level on the surplus consumption ratio, and then consumer behavior habit, we construct an analytical framework. It shows that the estimated relative risk aversion coefficient of investor lies in a reasonable range (0, 10). This result revises the implausible value of relative risk aversion coefficient according to the negative correlation between the market rate of return and individual consumption growth. It also successively explains the equity premium characteristics of the domestic A-share market and hence demonstrates that China stock market does not exist the so-called “equity premium puzzle” from a particular perspective. Related Articles | Metrics

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RMB Internationalization Weakening the Effects on Interest Rate/Credit Channels of Monetary Policy FANG Xian-cang 2013, 45 (6):  140-147.  Abstract ( 615 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF (863KB) ( 1076 )   Save Currency internationalization not only lowers the sensitivity of investment to interest rate, but also increases the sensitivity of financial assets price to interest rate, which lowers transaction cost and promotes transaction efficiency for economic system. As a result, the IS and CC curves slope more steeply downward and the LM curve slopes more gently upward than they do without currency internationalization. So transmission mechanism of monetary policies and their effects are weakened in interest rate channel as well as in credit channel, but the latter have comparative advantage. Therefore, we must devote major efforts to developing and reforming financial structures (banks) and their credit under the currency internationalization circumstances. At the same time, currency internationalization may not be promoted hastily but gradually. Related Articles | Metrics