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15 May 2014, Volume 46 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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The Political Unreality of Political Realism Michael Freeden 2014, 46 (3):  1-06.  Abstract ( 690 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (512KB) ( 1223 )   Save The paper contends that political realists shrink the complexity of the political, confining it to macro-discussions of power, confusing realism with liberal legitimation principles, reintroducing the ethical concerns from which they sought to distance themselves, and overlooking the emotional and the vernacular. In particular, recent realists engage in prescriptive rather than interpretative analysis in which democratic and humanitarian ideals are regarded as the basis of a realist approach, ignoring the fact that a properly real understanding of the political cannot be reduced to those features. Related Articles | Metrics

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Several Factors Impacted the Transformation of Rites in the 18th Century YANG Nian-qun 2014, 46 (3):  7-15.  Abstract ( 778 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (629KB) ( 1363 )   Save The discussion about the transformation of rites in the 18th century should not limit itself in the intellectual history or the history of ideas. Rather, the transformation should be understood in a more complicated network of the interaction between institutions and ordinary life. Therefore, we should not only focus on the relation between the ritual system and the intellectual transformation in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, but also take into account the connection of this transformation with the guidance of the emperors’ cultural tastes in the Qing Dynasty. By reflecting on the predicament of Confucian “dual rites”, we can see how the emperors and the gentry in the Qing Dynasty search the ways to overcome it, understand better the relation between textology and the “administrative practice” of rites, revaluate the function of the imperialist examinations system, and explain the leading role of the identity and rational movement of the literati with low social status in the rites reconstruction. Related Articles | Metrics

人道主义观念研究

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A Key Step to Establish the Value Ideal of Socialism with Chinese aracteristics CHEN Wei-ping 2014, 46 (3):  16-23.  Abstract ( 743 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (532KB) ( 1113 )   Save The significance of the heated discussion about humanism and alienation in 1980s in the history of contemporary Chinese thought lies in that it is a key step to establish the value ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics. First, it functions as a theoretical stage to recognize clearly the value ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics; second, it helps to take the overall development of human beings as the basic principle of contemporary Chinese Marxism. The two papers written by Zhou Yang and Hu Qiaomu respectively are important historical texts for examining this heated discussion. Related Articles | Metrics

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Rethinking the Evolution of Western Humanism 2014, 46 (3):  24-35.  Abstract ( 678 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (599KB) ( 959 )   Save The Western humanism originates in Ancient Greece. A theory of humanism presupposes an understanding of human nature. With the different understanding of human nature in different historical periods, the Western humanism has greatly different versions in Ancient Greece, medieval and modern times. Nevertheless, no matter how different its versions are, the Western humanism mainly focuses upon virtue and cultivation, taking as its core the cultivating of good human nature. Related Articles | Metrics

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“Rendao Zhuyi” and “Renwen Zhuyi”: On the Translation of the Term Humanism” LAI Hui-liang 2014, 46 (3):  36-40.  Abstract ( 1222 )   HTML ( 43 )   PDF (394KB) ( 1901 )   Save In the heated discussion about humanism in 1980s and thereafter, there are three different opinions pertaining to the Chinese version of the term “humanism”: some suggest Rendao Zhuyi, some Renwen Zhuyi, and others Rendao Zhuyi or Renwen Zhuyi. In fact, since the term “humanism” in Western languages has various meanings, it should be translated into different Chinese expressions proper to specific contexts. Related Articles | Metrics

近代史研究

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“Home”, “Nation”, “Manchu” and “Han”: On the Abdication of the Qing Emperor and the Big Compromise in 1912 SHEN Jie 2014, 46 (3):  41-50.  Abstract ( 727 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (932KB) ( 1460 )   Save The abdication of the Qing Emperor and the Big Compromise in 1912 was a dramatic change in China’s political culture, not only because it represents the transformation from a monarchy to a republic, but also because the compromise, to some extent, updated the “shifts of dynasties” in the traditional sense. In China’s political history, revolutions had been always cruel, in which “emperors died for the nation; officials died for the territory; literati died for the institutions”. “Death” has become a political protocol. However, in 1912, they decided to compromise: the emperor rather granted the nation to the common people than died for it; it was unnecessary for officials and literati to die for the emperor, embracing the new institutions of the “republic”. In various entanglements of home, nation and ethnical groups, “adhesion to the feudalism” lost its rationality and value foundation, while it was an appropriate choice to “compromise”. Western revolutions and modern transitions were usually achieved in the spirit of contract. This kind of compromises guided by the contract spirit is rare in China’s traditional politics. Therefore, if we regard the compromise as a principle of the parliament and constitutionalism, the Big Compromise in 1912 has more specific significance in the sense that it at least terminated the imperialistic politics and culture formally and initiated the modern transformation of China’s politics. Related Articles | Metrics

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Feng Jingru in the Political and Cultural Vortex in the Late Qing Dynasty ZOU Zhen-huan 2014, 46 (3):  51-58.  Abstract ( 809 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (684KB) ( 2286 )   Save Feng Jingru escaped to Japan in his early age due to his father’s participation in the Red Turban Rebellion. He ran Wenjing Shop in Yamashitacho, Yokohama, which engaged in selling foreign stationery and print production. Feng treated Sun Yat-sen warmly when he went to Yokohama after the failure of the Guangzhou Uprising in 1895. Soon after, China Revival Society was established on the 2ed floor in Wenjing Shop and Feng was elected as the first president of Yokohama Sub-association of China Revival Society. He often sponsored Sun Yat-sen’s revolutionary activities in Japan afterwards. In 1898, Feng founded Datong School, the first Chinese school in Japan. In 1901, Wenjing Shop caught a fire. In the same year, Feng became the nominal general manager of Guangzhi Book Company in Shanghai. He promoted the new publishing business with his own social status and influence. In the political and cultural vortex in the late Qing Dynasty, Feng made a great contribution to the cultural and educational career. Related Articles | Metrics

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A New Study of Zheng Guanying in the “Mutual Protection of Southeast China” Period DAI Hai-bin 2014, 46 (3):  59-68.  Abstract ( 675 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (885KB) ( 1757 )   Save With the consideration that “one should be suffered from a real disaster resulted from the pursuit of a vain fame”, Zheng Guanying secretly and carefully conducted the “Flag Changing” activity on the ship of China Merchants Steamship Company with a businessman’s calmness and reason. With political consideration, he also provided lots of advices concerning strengthening and developing the “Mutual Protection of Southeast China” from the political perspective. He participated in Chinese Parliament. With the acceptance of “being dutiful to the throne”, he consciously opposed Boxer Movement, exclusivity and the Northern Government. On the other hand, he had strong desire about the prospect of the political reform and carried it into practice by submitting petitions. The profound historical information implied in these facts not only provides us with clues to understand more deeply the relation between his words and his time, but also provides us with excellent material to rethink the monotone paradigm in the extant historical narrations which holds the sharp confrontation between the new and the old. Related Articles | Metrics

宗教学研究

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On the Dilemma of Choosing a Successor in Shakyamuni’s Later Years as well as Its Result XIA Jin-hua 2014, 46 (3):  69-76.  Abstract ( 727 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (746KB) ( 1362 )   Save In his old ages, the issue of choosing a successor became a key flash point that ignited a series of internal and external conflicts and problems in the sangha. The issue was not only constrained by the conflicts between Shakya monks and Brahman monks, but also was closely related to the struggle between Buddhism and Jainism. The Buddha was in a dilemma and failed to make the final decision. The fact that the records in sutras seem to avoid this issue intentionally makes the issue particularly perplexing and complicated. This paper makes preliminary investigation by analyzing carefully documents and historical texts. It aims to reveal the actual situation in the ancient Buddhist circle in India and to put forward the author’s own opinion. Related Articles | Metrics

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On the Religious Implications of Laozi’s Dao AN Lun 2014, 46 (3):  77-83.  Abstract ( 719 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (538KB) ( 1396 )   Save As the core of Dao De Jing, the Dao is the mostly discussed topic which has caused most disputes and misinterpretations. According to the original idea of Dao De Jing, the metaphysical Dao, as the origin of the all things in the universe, is effortless and spontaneous, weak and far from having intention for struggle, and ready for turning to the opposite. The Dao for human conduct, the Dao for administration, and the Dao of the sage – all of these advocated by Laozi are worldly principles following the example of the metaphysical Dao. The essential attributes of the metaphysical Dao, including having no image, no sound and no substance, being ineffable, existing for itself and being eternally, make the Dao similar to the supreme God or the Creator in other civilizations in the world. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Whole Course of the Debate on the Relationship between Bergsonism and Buddism around 1921 Yaobinbin 2014, 46 (3):  84-88.  Abstract ( 647 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (551KB) ( 1711 )   Save Around the year 1921 when Bergsonism was wide spread in Chinese academia, the debate on the correlation between Bergsonism and Buddism appeared and Zhang Taiyan, Lv Cheng, Liang Shuming, Li Xijin and other famous scholars took part in this debate successively. Zhang and Li argued that Bergsonism and Buddism were related to each other and intuitionism, vital impetus and other categories conform to Alaya-consciousness and other thoughts in Vijnana-vada, whereas Lv and Liang held opposite opinion against this idea. Through exploring original materials, this thesis teases out the whole course of this debate and points out that this two opposite opinions represent the typical attitude toward the issue of “comparision between China and the West” among Chinese academia over a hundred years. Related Articles | Metrics

传媒文化研究

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Debt Scale, Asset Value and Local Government Debt risk Pan Zhibin 2014, 46 (3):  89-97.  Abstract ( 716 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF (3746KB) ( 1668 )   Save Using the Contingent Claims Approach (CCA), this paper measures debt risk of thirty one Chinese local province governments at 2013, presents several scenarios which the local government asset value and debt scale changes, analyzes and assesses relevant movements of the risk indicators. Our results suggest that the debt risk of Chinese local province governments is still in control. It positively associates with the debt scale of local government and negatively associates with the asset value of local government, and becomes worse or even defaults when debt scale increases or asset value reduces. So the most important job for the local government debt management is to treat the existing debt, control the increasing debt, evaluate the assets that the debt formed, and improve the debt paying ability. Related Articles | Metrics

金融问题探讨

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An Empirical Study on the Sustainability of U.S. Public Debt LI Jing, YI Nan 2014, 46 (3):  98-106.  Abstract ( 669 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (1722KB) ( 988 )   Save The paper describes the concept, classification and current situation of U.S. public debt, defines the meaning of public debt sustainability, and then by comprehensively using multiple methods, including comparing the rate of economic growth and public debt interest rates, specific reference value determination method, the inter-temporal budget constraint test and fiscal reaction function test, the paper does empirical study on the sustainability of the public debt of the United States. The conclusion is that the U.S. public debt is not sustainable. Related Articles | Metrics

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Empirical Study of the Impact of the US Exchange Rate Strategy on China’s Inflation GONG Xiu-Guo, CAI Ruo-Fan 2014, 46 (3):  107-112.  Abstract ( 700 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (539KB) ( 1408 )   Save This paper analyzes the transmission channels of the US exchange rate strategy on China’s inflation in the post-Crisis era, and then constructs an econometric model to test the obvious international spillover effects. Based on the empirical results, the paper finds that the US strategic devaluation of the dollar had significant and negative impact on China’s inflation, while RMB exchange rate as well as China’s growth also had significant but positive impact on China’s inflation. Finally the paper recommends a broader daily fluctuation band of RMB exchange rate and a reduction of the various growth-stimulus policies for China. Related Articles | Metrics

人口与社会经济发展研究

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Overtime Willingness and Labor Supply of Migrant workers, and Demographic Divident Kong Qingyang, Guo Bin & Li Qiongyeng 2014, 46 (3):  113-122.  Abstract ( 751 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (587KB) ( 1213 )   Save Migrant workers in China are willing to work extra hours.They have double futures of modern workers and traditional peasants,and the logics of their overtime working behavior is to accomplish expected wage savings.Under the constraint of expected wage surplus , wage surplus effectis more powerful than substitution effect, which make the labor supply curve downward sloping.Migrant workers’ overtime working sustain the unlimited supply of labor and strengthen the dual economic structure.This is a new annotation to Lewis dual economic structure theory.For the steep labor supply curve of migrant workers , labor supply hours reduce by the rapidly rising wages, the cost shock and labor supply shock will occur at the same time. Urbanization is a double-edged sword, it can increase aggregate demand, but also reduce the labor supply of migrant workers. We suggest to strengthen skill training of migrant workers, to accelerate the land circulation, to achieve scale managment of agriculture; to establish and perfect the social security system of rural areas, to establish the policies which is people-oriented and to share the achievements of economic development. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the Spatial Distribution of Population Aging and the Synchronization with Economic Development in China SUN Lei, CHANG Tian-jiao, GUO Quan-yu 2014, 46 (3):  123-132.  Abstract ( 798 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (2468KB) ( 2561 )   Save According to three census data in 1990, 2000 and 2010, we analyze the current situation of population aging in China and the relationship between the trends of aging and economic development. Then we use the spatial autocorrelation model and innovative economic autocorrelation model, including global and local Moran indices, Getis-ord local G, to investigate the spatial correlation and economic relevance of the regional population aging. The conclusions show that the spatial correlation and economic relevance are both significantly positive, and the aged-child ratio depends more on economic level than spatial location, which means economic development has greater influence on the regional differences of population aging than spatial location. Therefore, the government should make policies according to different economic level. Related Articles | Metrics

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A Study on the development trend of aging population and its influence factors based on Grey Theory ———Taking An Hui province as an example Jiang shi-quan 2014, 46 (3):  133-139.  Abstract ( 679 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (498KB) ( 1605 )   Save The aging of the population has become a huge challenge for Anhui Province,In this paper, based on statistical yearbook data in anhui province from 2001 to 2012.Using GM (1,1) model to predict the development of population aging in Anhui Province in the future forty years, Prediction results show that anhui province aging trend will experience a rapid phase, accelerated phase and stable stage of severe three stages in the next forty years.In order to better cope with an ageing population, The population aging related factors be analyzed by Using grey correlation model .Finally, the policy implications are presented combined the GM (1, 1) forecast model and relational model the result Related Articles | Metrics

语言文学

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On the Verification of the Author of the Records of the Elites in the Poetic Circles during the Reigns of Emperors Qianlong and Jiaqing: Removing Qiang Zhongshu’s Suspicion Liu Yong-xiang 2014, 46 (3):  140-144.  Abstract ( 760 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (687KB) ( 1214 )   Save It is always thought that the Records of the Elites in the Poetic Circles during the Reigns of Emperors Qianlong and Jiaqing was written by the poet Shu Wei (Tieyun) in the Qing Dynasty. It is only Qian Zhongshu who asserts that “it is sufficient to prove that Shu Tieyun is not the real author” according to the poem of the “Inscription of the Records for Senior Ye Ting” in the collection of Bei Qingqiao’s works in the Qing Dynasty. However, Qian’s opinion is suspicious. We can see that the book was absolutely not written by Ye Zhangting according to the following elements: the scholars’ elegant manners at that time, no objections from the poets mentioned in Records, and the interactions between Ye Ting, the collector of the book and the author of the “Inscription”. The explicit statements in the works of Ye’s then prove that the book was really written by Shu Wei. Related Articles | Metrics

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“Strict Versification having Little Sympathy”: On the Exquisiteness of “Little Dongpo” Tang Geng’s Lvshi Poetry TANG Ling 2014, 46 (3):  145-151.  Abstract ( 727 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (779KB) ( 1380 )   Save As a famous poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, the so-called “Little Dongpo” Tang Geng has been praised by scholars in all ages because of the exquisiteness of his poetry, especially his Lushi poetry. His lvshi poetry is featured by refined antithetical couplets, appropriate quotations and fine structures. This results from his repeated deliberation of each word. His view of poetics is well demonstrated in the expression that “strict versification having little sympathy”. Related Articles | Metrics