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15 January 2020, Volume 52 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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The Synthetic Reality: Tacit Whole and Subsidiary Details: An Interpretation of Polanyi's Knowing and Being ZHANG Yi-bing 2020, 52 (1):  1-9.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.01.001 Abstract ( 359 )   HTML ( 474 )   PDF (1625KB) ( 286 )   Save Tacit knowing is a kind of relational intuition, which leads us to tacitly understand the "synthetic reality" behind the appearance through the overall grasp of the relationship between details. The concept of "synthetic" here implies the synthetic judgment a priori discovered by Kant. In fact, it is an existentialist extension of Polanyi's endeavor to understand the mysterious power of Kant's a priori intellectual framework which can automatically shape experience and conceptual structure. His understanding of the relationship between the whole and details of the synthetic reality in tacit knowing has evolved from a one-way relationship of tacit integration to a complex function of two-way construction. Related Articles | Metrics

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A Relational Value: Value Awareness of “Inter-values” HE Lai 2020, 52 (1):  10-18.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.01.002 Abstract ( 291 )   HTML ( 170 )   PDF (1086KB) ( 148 )   Save The exclusiveness and incompatibility of values and the consequent contradictions, disruptions and conflicts among them, that is, the issue of "inter-values", is one of the most deep-rooted and serious challenges and risks that we face in the reality and contemporary society. The conflicts and risks of values need to be regulated and resolved at the level of value. Therefore, we need a "relational value", a value that can harmonized different values, or, a high-level value that can coordinate different values. Mutual respect for freedom, mutual acknowledgement and social justice are the three important aspects that modern society seeks in a "relational value". They coordinate values from different angles and thus play a vital role in stabilizing and developing modern society. Related Articles | Metrics

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On the Three Meanings of “Chinese Ethics”: Also on the Construction of Contemporary Ethics with Chinese Characteristics JIANG Chang 2020, 52 (1):  19-29.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.01.003 Abstract ( 396 )   HTML ( 170 )   PDF (1068KB) ( 210 )   Save Since "Chinese ethics" may have three different meanings, it is necessary to figure out in which sense we are going to rewrite or construct contemporary Chinese ethics. What we are going to construct is neither ethics created in China, nor ethics merely suitable for China, but contemporary ethics with Chinese characteristics. Without constructing ethics with Chinese characteristics, we cannot construct ethics as a discipline, inherit or innovate the Chinese and Western academic traditions of ethics, or contribute Chinese moral doctrines and wisdom to the world. More importantly, ethics with Chinese characteristics has been there in Chinese history and made great contribution to the world with profound influence. In the construction of contemporary ethics with Chinese characteristics, we must inherit the excellent tradition of ethics, carry on excellent genes and develop reasonable elements in Chinese traditional ethics, extract and elevate the moral spirit of the time, maintain ethics as a discipline, and promote contemporary ethics with Chinese characteristics to the world. Related Articles | Metrics

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Stages of Centralized Ritual System and Their Features TANG Qin-fu 2020, 52 (1):  30-46.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.01.004 Abstract ( 385 )   HTML ( 23 )   PDF (1944KB) ( 251 )   Save The centralized ritual system has constituted an important period in the evolvement of Chinese traditional rituals. It is a national ritual system with centralized power in despotism as its political foundation, small-scale peasant economy as its economic foundation, Confucianism as its theoretical foundation, five rituals as its forms and upholding imperial power as its content. The centralized ritual system can be divided into four stages:the forming stage from the founding of the Qin Dynasty to the Sui Dynasty, the mature stage in the Tang and Song Dynasties, the declining stage in the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties (before the reign of Emperor Daoguang) and the transition stage from the reigns of Emperors Daoguang and Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty to the period of the Republic of China. The four stages manifest in apparently different ways and thus their features are distinctive. Along with the growing trend of the eastward spread of Western culture since the reigns of Emperors Daoguang and Xianfeng, modern industry started and developed at a rapid rate in China. The departure of Chinese traditional rituals from Western rituals and ideas forced Chinese traditional rituals to reform. However, due to various reasons, Chinese traditional ritual system has not accomplished its modern transition. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Imperial Courts in the Buddha Light: The Religious Aspects of the Political History in Medieval China SUN Ying-gang 2020, 52 (1):  47-57.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.01.005 Abstract ( 402 )   HTML ( 16 )   PDF (1472KB) ( 239 )   Save In medieval China, Buddhism brought in new cultural genes. The remaking of knowledge and belief system deeply influenced the medieval political thought and practice in China. In the Buddha light, the political history of medieval China had its complex aspects, which are of significance for us to understand the world of knowledge, religions and politics in medieval China. In addition to the interactions between particular political figures or groups between particular Buddhist monks, sects, or monasteries, Buddhism's role in political history rooted in its fundamental ideas about the secular world, including its anticipation for a good world in the future and an ideal secular ruler and its discourse of ruling legitimacy. Buddhism puts political order in a divine and harmonious frame of reference, extends the sacred order of the universe to human beings and thus bestows the rulers with some necessity, certainty and eternity. Therefore, it is necessary for us to understand the political history of medieval China by taking account of Buddhist materials and religious logics. Related Articles | Metrics

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From King Wu to Emperor: The Founding of the State of Wu in Jiangdong and the Forming of the Political System in the Six Dynasties LIU Ya-jun 2020, 52 (1):  58-67.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.01.006 Abstract ( 492 )   HTML ( 25 )   PDF (1396KB) ( 470 )   Save The founding of the Kingdom Wu had historical significance to the founding of the Six Dynasties. The imperial power construction of the Kingdom Wu, interiorly restrained by the development of the region of Jiangdong (East of Yangtze River) and exteriorly influenced by the relationship between the Kingdoms of Wei and Shu, experienced two stages:SUN Quan's crowning himself as King Wu and then as the Emperor. At the end of the Han Dynasty, SUN Quan sought to construct imperial power through the royal order of the State of Wei reigned by CAO Family when he was not supported to claim King in the region of Jiangdong. After the fourth year of Huangwu (225 C. E.), the relationship between SUN Quan and major clans in Jiangdong became smooth, together with loosened exterior stress, and hence SUN was able to claim Emperor and establish the capital in Jianye (today's Nanjing) in the first year of Huanglong. After his claim of Emperor, SUN expanded his imperial power by suppressing the bureaucracy. His assignment of Prince SUN Deng to guard Wuchang City was actually an action of suppressing[JP2]bureaucratic officials such as LU Xun who had real power. However, the division of imperial power led to the result that Prince became another imperial authority besides the Emperor, which shook the foundation for the imperial power to continue. Related Articles | Metrics

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From “Poetic Education” to “Aesthetic Education as Religion”: The Transformation of Modern Chinese Literary Education Thought YIN Guo-ming 2020, 52 (1):  68-80.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.01.007 Abstract ( 500 )   HTML ( 23 )   PDF (2581KB) ( 158 )   Save The history of Chinese thought and literature in the 20th century witnessed the introduction, formation and construction of aesthetics, which was not only an important catalyst to China's social and cultural changes, but also an important symbol of the transformation of Chinese literary theories and criticism. It not only aroused continually theoretical storms related to Chinese culture in the intellectual circle, but also stimulated and pushed forward Chinese thought and spirit of art to rejuvenate and restore. In this process, CAI Yuan-pei's idea of "aesthetic education as religious" had a great influence, for it not only involved Chinese and western cultural integration and collision with a cross-cultural perspective, but inherited the poetry teaching tradition of Chinese culture, which hasn't been deeply examined. This is why CAI's idea was of great influence on the transformation and innovation of Chinese aesthetics in the 20th century. Related Articles | Metrics

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Appreciating and Writing: A Textual Analysis of Painting Inscriptions in the Song Dynasty FANG Xiao-yi 2020, 52 (1):  81-88.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.01.008 Abstract ( 463 )   HTML ( 20 )   PDF (1691KB) ( 402 )   Save The writing of painting inscriptions is closely related to the action of appreciating. The process of the appreciating directly determines the writing order as well as the organization and combination of the elements in inscription writing. Organizing words for an inscription is both linear and instantaneous. At the moment of watching a painting, the viewer has made a "choice" among everything in a painting, and the author of an inscription uses the text to make a second choice among the results of appreciating and present this second "choice". In the Song Dynasty, an inscription of a character painting was mainly focused on the realistic degree of the characters, while an inscription of a landscape painting was more focused on the overall momentum and pattern of the painting. Sometimes an author ignored his perceptions and created the inscription from three other aspects. Sometimes the image of the viewer is also directly presented in the inscription, in which sense the inscription has shaped the relationship between the viewer and the painting. Related Articles | Metrics

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On the Contemporary Scholars' Confusion about the Scope Definition of the Legends in the Tang Dynasty WANG Qing-hua 2020, 52 (1):  89-96.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.01.009 Abstract ( 392 )   HTML ( 18 )   PDF (1672KB) ( 263 )   Save In order to define the stylistic rules of legends in the Tang Dynasty, scholars always take factors like the works' length, plot structures, depictive writing and imaginational[JP2]content into consideration. It seems ambiguous if scholars take these factors as the standards to determine specific works. In terms of the scope definition of single-piece legends in the Tang Dynasty, there is conceptual confusion among a "novel" and an essay of "biography", a historical "biography" and a piece of "miscellaneous historical story". When selecting legends from novel collections in the Tang Dynasty, scholars are confused about how to distinguish the style of legends from that of notes and they also hold different opinions on texts' selecting as well as on the strictness of the standard. The case of contemporary scholars' scope definition of the legends in the Tang Dynasty is of significance for the study of ancient novels and even the study of ancient literature in general. Related Articles | Metrics

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On the Regulation of Malicious Litigation: Focusing on the Law of Tort LIU Ying-shuang 2020, 52 (1):  97-106.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.01.010 Abstract ( 365 )   HTML ( 20 )   PDF (1631KB) ( 282 )   Save Malicious litigation is a kind of typical tort, which can be classified as false litigation, malicious litigation based on the abuse of rights and unwarranted prosecution. At present, the principle of good faith in civil procedure law, the sanction system of false lawsuit court and the crime of false lawsuit in criminal law all regulate malicious lawsuit. However, without the regulation of civil liability, it is impossible to fundamentally curb and punish malicious litigation. Our country should in the legislation think malicious litigation as a kind of special infringement behavior. The malicious litigation tort's fault is direct intentional and its damage including expected benefits losses. The damage to the malicious lawsuit tort should include the expected benefits. The punitive damages should be applied to the malicious litigation tort. Related Articles | Metrics

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Jurisprudential Analysis of Judicial Policy on Strict Protection of Intellectual Property Rights: A Four-Dimensional Perspective of Boundary, Intensity, Means and Effect WANG Guo-zhu 2020, 52 (1):  107-116.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.01.011 Abstract ( 272 )   HTML ( 21 )   PDF (1765KB) ( 230 )   Save The judicial policy of "strict protection" of intellectual property rights has rich connotation and clear goal-directed action, which is consistent with judicial justice. The judicial policy of "strict protection" can be interpreted from four dimensions:boundary, intensity, means and effect. The determination of the boundary of rights protection is the starting point of strict protection. In determining the boundary of rights protection, we should strictly observe the legal boundary, adopt the interpretation method under the guidance of "balance theory" and delimit the right boundary in resolving the conflict of rights. We should recognize the strength of intellectual property protection rationally and objectively, adhere to the "rigid foundation" of protection intensity, grasp the "moderate" of the protection intensity by "strict" scale, stick to the priority of compensation amount established by the legislation, and apply the judicial policy of "strict protection" in the "legal compensation". To realize strict protection of intellectual property, we need strengthen rule thinking, law interpretation and reasoning, and the credibility in litigation. The effect of strict protection of intellectual property rights is embodied in precise protection, proportionate coordination and uniform standards of judgment. Related Articles | Metrics

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Microcosmic Factors Affecting the Social Integration of Floating Population and Their Changes: Based on Comparisons between 2010 and 2017 WANG Yi-jie, ZHAO Xiao-min 2020, 52 (1):  117-126.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.01.012 Abstract ( 505 )   HTML ( 28 )   PDF (1559KB) ( 213 )   Save With the development of new urbanization, the policy environment of floating population has been greatly improved, and their social integration status is almost the same. This paper regards the floating population as a dynamic agent in the differential pattern. Using the dynamic monitoring data of the floating population in 2010 and 2017, it examines the impact of individual ability and social network on social integration and its effect changes. The results show that since 2010, the impact of education years and income on social integration is not obvious, but the impact of employment status on social integration is increasing. Compared with 2010, family mobility based on blood ties in social networks has a significant impact on social integration and its effect is increasing; as a special geographic link, the relationship between fellow townsmen has a positive impact on social integration, but the effect is unchanged; and the impact of other local relationship networks on social integration is no longer significant. In addition, household registration, social exclusion and urban size are still important factors affecting the social integration of floating population. Therefore, while paying attention to the individual development of the floating population, we can help them realize family reunion and promote the formation of the relationship network between the inflow areas, so as to better realize social integration. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Beyond the State and Society: The Dilemma of and the Solution to Social Governance in Urban Agglomeration Areas of “Two New” Organizations: A Case Study of Lujiazui Financial Area, Shanghai LU Fang-ping, DU Yu-hua 2020, 52 (1):  127-136.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.01.013 Abstract ( 269 )   HTML ( 14 )   PDF (977KB) ( 116 )   Save The social governance in urban agglomeration areas of "Two New" Organizations has fallen into the public participation dilemma due to individualization, the organizational participation dilemma due to heterogeneity and the institutional transformation dilemma due to technology. Taking the innovative social governance of Lujiazui Financial Area, Shanghai, as an example, this paper analyzes the unique mechanism of social governance led by the Communist Party of China besides the state-society dichotomy from the aspects of governance mode, governance method and governance field, and then examines the public value and realization path behind this unique mechanism. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clubs: Social Space for Transnational Elites in Modern Shanghai DING Yan-nan 2020, 52 (1):  137-145.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.01.014 Abstract ( 343 )   HTML ( 15 )   PDF (1751KB) ( 284 )   Save After Shanghai's opening to outside world, Westerners introduced clubs as a novel mode of social contact and social institution. In spite of its exclusive and restrictive features, a club has catalyzed active and various social activities in addition to entertainment. As a product of the colonial period, this social mode has attracted foreign residents and local Chinese elites in modern Shanghai. This helped to reform traditional Chinese modes of social contact and played a vital role in China's social urbanization and modernization. Up to now, very few studies have focused on institutions for social contact. This paper reveals the amazing history of clubs in modern Shanghai and discusses the impact of this social mode by taking their "semi-colony" feature into account. The study on clubs in modern Shanghai will also shed light on the social life of contemporary transnational elites in this global age. Related Articles | Metrics

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Is Supply-side Structural Reform in Agriculture Conducive to Inclusive Growth? SONG Dong-lin, GAO Xing-yang, FAN Xin 2020, 52 (1):  146-161.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.01.015 Abstract ( 294 )   HTML ( 17 )   PDF (2759KB) ( 197 )   Save In today's wave of worldwide economic cooperation and exchange, the new development model of inclusiveness and universal benefit has become a consensus. In theory, as the main line of agricultural modernization, supply-side structural reform in agriculture will exert its income-increasing effect and distribution effect to promote economic inclusive growth. This paper uses Chinese provincial panel data from 2001 to 2017 to study the relationship between supply-side structural reform in agriculture and inclusive growth by constructing a Spatial Durbin Model, which is built under a spatial weight matrix of agricultural product market integration. The results show that supply-side structural reform in agriculture can promote inclusive growth, and has a significant negative spatial spillover effect. From the perspective of spatiotemporal difference, the effect of supply-side structural reform on inclusive growth has obvious spatiotemporal heterogeneity. From the perspective of conduction pathway, the mode of supply-side structural reform's effect on inclusive growth has a periodical characteristic, and it is relatively consistent across regions. These findings may provide guidance for China's agricultural development direction and the path of inclusive growth in order to achieve sustainable and healthy economic development. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatial Misallocation of Innovation Factors and Efficiency Loss: Model Analysis and China's Evidence DONG Zhi-qing, HU Sheng-ming 2020, 52 (1):  162-178.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.01.016 Abstract ( 318 )   HTML ( 28 )   PDF (3414KB) ( 669 )   Save Current study has focused on the loss of total factor productivity caused by the misallocation of production factors, but generally ignores the misallocation of innovation factors such as R&D personnel and R&D capital, and the loss of innovation efficiency due to differences in the factor quality and input structure. This paper introduces the classification of factors into the framework of the spatial misallocation, and selects the provincial panel data to measure the misallocation and the loss of innovation efficiency. The results show that the spatial misallocation of innovation factors is serious and has severely obstructed the innovation efficiency in China. Mitigating the misallocation of innovation factors will promote an average annual increase of 0.7% in innovation efficiency. Furthermore, there exist significant differences in the misallocation and the resulting efficiency losses of various innovation factors. The misallocation of R&D capital leads to greater efficiency losses. Compared with basic research and applied research, the R&D capital of experimental development is more deeply misallocated and has a greater impact on innovation efficiency. Meanwhile, low-and medium-skilled labor is more likely to be misallocated. Therefore, in order to improve the innovation efficiency in China, the government should take regional differences and element types as important considerations for the rational allocation of innovation resources. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Reconstructing China's Credit Default Risk Prediction Model: Based on the Perspective of Industry Sensitivity LAN Fa-qin, YAN Qun, XIE Dong-hui 2020, 52 (1):  179-186.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.01.017 Abstract ( 281 )   HTML ( 15 )   PDF (1813KB) ( 471 )   Save In recent years, China's credit default risk incidents have erupted, with 124 bonds defaulted in 2018 alone. Therefore, it is significant for the market development to examine the characteristics of China's credit default and select appropriate index system to scientifically predict credit default risk. Using the whole sample credit data in China's bond market by the end of September 2018 and taking the perspective of industry sensitivity, this paper reconstructs a credit default risk prediction model, which can simulate and deduce the whole market credit default risk. It also finds out the features of China's credit default risk:first, the default risk of enterprises in finance and real-estate industries is sharply increasing; second, the spatial layout of default risk presents southwards; third, local enterprises are bond issue bodies at greater risks. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Strategies and Values for China's Doing Business Report: Based on French Experience LI Ying-yi 2020, 52 (1):  187-195.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.01.018 Abstract ( 281 )   HTML ( 16 )   PDF (1778KB) ( 301 )   Save The World Bank Group has issued Doing Business Report every year since 2002, in which it estimates and ranks main Economies of the world in using more than 100 indicators. In response to the report, France has not only carried out economic reforms for benchmarking against these indicators, but also developed its own doing business report, namely, Tableau de Bord de l'Attractivité de la France. Different from the reference scope, data source, indicators and methodologies used in the World Bank report, French report highlights the values such as social efficiency and green development. This evaluation model can serve as a good example for China in the sense that it follows the existing system but rejects to copy everything from it, paying equal attention to the benefits of business operators and that of commercial environment. At present, it is urgent for China to establish its own doing business evaluation system. The French experience shows that paying equal attention to both "pushing forward the ranking after reaching the benchmark of the World Bank" and "independent research and development in accordance with the national situation" is undoubtedly the most appropriate approach today. What we need to pay special attention is although the indicators of the World Bank lay emphasis on the economic interests of business operators, China's business environment evaluation should pay attention to the values in Chinese society such as the social benefits of business locations, green development and comprehensive efficiency. References | Related Articles | Metrics