华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2006, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (6): 1-8, 55.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2006.06.001

• 中国哲学与文化 •    下一篇

从民本走向民主的开端——兼评所谓“民本的极限”

李存山   

  1. 吉首大学，湖南吉首 416000
  • 收稿日期:2006-07-28 出版日期:2006-11-15 发布日期:2006-11-30
  • 作者简介:李存山(1951-), 男, 北京人, 吉首大学特聘教授; 中国社会科学院哲学研究所研究员、博士生导师

A Beginning from the People-first Idea toward Democracy——A Concurrent Comment on"the People-first Limit"

Cun-shan LI   

  1. Jishou Uniwversity, Jishou 416000, Hunan, China
  • Received:2006-07-28 Online:2006-11-15 Published:2006-11-30

RichHTML

139

被引次数

56

摘要：

黄宗羲继承了儒家传统的民本思想, 同时历览秦以后的治乱兴亡, 特别是反思宋、明之亡的历史教训, 他自己又有着东林党人的后代和亡国之遗民的特殊经历, 所以在《明夷待访录》中传统的民本思想不仅充其极, 而且超过传统的极限, 消解了君主制“如父如天”的天然合法性和绝对神圣性, 否认了君尊臣卑、君为臣纲的思想, 不再设想以“阴阳灾异”和“正心诚意”来把揽人君, 而是开始考虑如何从政治制度上以权力来制约权力的问题。正因为此, 黄宗羲的政治思想可视为从民本走向民主的开端。

关键词: 黄宗羲, 明夷待访录, 民本, 民主

Abstract:

Based on an inheritance of the traditional Confucian people-first idea, Huang Zongxi pushed it forward to its extreme and even went beyond its traditional limit in his work entitled A Ming Barbarian Waiting for a Visitor, owing to his reflections on historical lessons about the fall of the Song and Ming dynasties and his own special experience as a descendant of"Men of the Donglin Party."He dispelled the monarchy's automatic legitimacy and absolute divinity, and denied the idea of superior sovereign and inferior subject.He set to consider the question of how to condition power by power in the political institution.Hence, Huang Zongxi's political thought could be regarded as a beginning from the peo- ple-first idea toward democracy.

Key words: Huang Zongxi, A Ming Barbarian Waiting for a Visitor, people-first, democracy

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