区位导向性政策与高质量就业——基于中国开发区设立的实证研究

doi:10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.05.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用2014年和2016年中国家庭跟踪调查数据，实证考察中国最典型的区位导向政策——开发区政策对本地区就业匹配质量的影响效果、异质性及作用机制，结果发现：第一，开发区设立带来的就业冲击能够显著降低本地区的就业不匹配程度；以教育年限计算，设立开发区能够使本区县的就业匹配程度显著提高19%。第二，开发区设立对于女性就业者、年轻职工和高学历劳动力就业匹配质量的提升效果更加明显。第三，开发区政策能够通过扩大就业市场规模、调整产业结构、提高专业技能需求以及增加职位晋升机会等途径提高本地区的就业匹配度，缓解就业市场的结构性矛盾。结合上述研究发现以及新冠疫情影响下的就业现状，建议相关部门通过加大扶持政策鼓励自主创业，积极推动以"数字经济+新基建"为主导的产业结构升级，以及强化产学研合作、加速高校人才培养改革等方式来提高就业质量。

关键词: 区位导向性政策, 开发区政策, 就业匹配, 就业质量, 规模效应, 产业结构冲击

Abstract: Using the data of 2014 and 2016 China Family Panel Studies, this paper empirically investigates the effect, heterogeneity and mechanism of Special Economic Zones(SEZ) policies, as typical place-based policies in China, on local employment matching quality. The results indicate that:first, the employment shock brought by the establishment of SEZ significantly reduced the employment mismatch for local areas and SEZ significantly improved the employment matching degree of the county by 19% as far as average education years are concerned; second, SEZ had a more significant effect on improving the employment matching quality of female workers, young workers and highly educated workers; third, SEZ improved the employment matching quality and alleviated the structural contradiction of employment market by expanding the scale of employment market, adjusting industrial structure, increasing the demand for professional skills, and providing more promotion opportunities for younger workers. Based on the above findings and the employment situation under the impact of COVID-19, this paper suggests that relevant departments should implement supportive policies to encourage self-employment, promote industrial structure escalation dominated by "digital economy + new infrastructure" and improve employment quality by strengthening industry-university-research cooperation and accelerating talent cultivation in universities and colleges.

Key words: place-based policies, SEZ policies, employment matching, employment quality, scale effect, industrial structure impact

郑思齐, 宋志达, 孙伟增, 吴璟. 区位导向性政策与高质量就业——基于中国开发区设立的实证研究[J]. 华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2020, 52(5): 157-171.

ZHENG Si-qi, SONG Zhi-da, SUN Wei-zeng, WU Jing. Place-based Policies and High-quality Employment: The Empirical Study on the Establishment of SEZs in China[J]. Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences), 2020, 52(5): 157-171.

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