华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2020, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (6): 115-123.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.06.012

• 马克思主义与现时代 • 上一篇    下一篇

从“旁观的逻辑”到“行动的逻辑”——以米塞斯对韦伯的批评看话语体系的转换

王时中   

  1. 南开大学哲学院暨政治哲学与和谐社会建构研究中心(天津, 300350)
  • 发布日期:2020-11-23
  • 作者简介:王时中,南开大学哲学院暨政治哲学与和谐社会建构研究中心教授(天津,300350)。
  • 基金资助:
    国家社科基金项目"五四以来科学观念的变迁与马克思主义的深度中国化研究"（项目编号：19BZX019）。

From the “Logic of a Spectator” to the “Logic of Action”: On the Discourse Shift from the Perspective of Mises' Criticism of Weber

WANG Shi-zhong   

  • Published:2020-11-23

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摘要： 当代中国马克思主义哲学的理论建构形式亟待从"旁观的逻辑"推进到"行动的逻辑"，以真正将"实践"的观点贯彻到底。米塞斯在批判韦伯社会学的基础上对"行动学"的先验证成路径，大大地推进了"行动的逻辑"的科学化形式，为重新理解马克思"剩余价值学说"、进而构造马克思主义哲学之"行动的逻辑"提供了有意义的参照。但米塞斯对"行动的逻辑"的构造并不成功。这种不成功既表现在他对"社会主义"的错误理解上，也表现在"历史"问题上所陷入的一系列的混乱之中。如何在与现代西方社会学思潮的互动与竞逐中彰显马克思主义哲学的理论意义，是推进现时代马克思主义哲学之深度中国化的重要课题。

关键词: 旁观的逻辑, 行动的逻辑, 米塞斯, 韦伯, 马克思

Abstract: It is urgent for the theoretical construction of Marxism in Contemporary China to move from the “logic of a spectator” to the “logic of action” so as to implement the idea of “practice” thoroughly. Ludwig von Mises' transcendentalist verification approach to “praxeology” based on his criticism of Weber's sociology has greatly promoted the scientific form of the “logic of action”, providing significant reference for us to re-understand Marxist “theory of surplus value” and thus construct the “logic of action” in Marxist philosophy. However, Mises' construction of the “logic of action” is not successful. His failure is shown in his misunderstanding of “socialism”and his confusion about “historical” issues. How to demonstrate the theoretical significance of Marxist philosophy in the interaction and competition with modern Western sociology is significant for the promotion of deep sinicization of Marxist philosophy today.

Key words: logic of a spectator, logic of action, Mises, Weber, Marx