华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (3): 8-16.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2025.03.002

• 重启科技与人文对话 • 上一篇    下一篇

福柯的医学考古学——关于身体空间、医学话语与生命死亡的知识考古学

张旭   

  • 接受日期:2025-04-24 出版日期:2025-05-15 发布日期:2025-05-28
  • 作者简介:张旭，中国人民大学哲学院教授（北京，100872）

Foucault’s Medical Archaeology of Medicine：An Archaeology of Knowledge about Body Space，Medical Discourse and Death

Xu Zhang   

  • Accepted:2025-04-24 Online:2025-05-15 Published:2025-05-28

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摘要：

福柯的医学考古学，一方面从身体空间和社会空间的疾病空间化视角分析了临床医学诞生的认知前提和历史条件，另一方面用临床医学的凝视的话语化方式分析了临床医学新的疾病经验的话语建构，此外还分析了病理解剖学对死亡的凝视奠定了19世纪“人的科学”的实证性的基础。福柯的医学考古学提出了“空间化”、“话语化”以及死亡奠定“人的科学”的实证性基础等观念，具有横跨科学史、思想史和社会史之间的学科界限的普遍的方法论意义。

关键词: 疾病的空间化, 话语化, 临床医学的凝视, 死亡, 人的科学

Abstract:

Foucault’s medical archaeology analyzes the cognitive premise and historical conditions of the birth of clinical medicine from the perspective of the spatialization of disease in terms of body space and social space, and the discourse construction of the new disease experience of clinical medicine from clinical gaze. It also examines how the gaze of death in pathological anatomy lays the empirical foundation for the science of human beings in the 19th century. The concepts of spatialization, discourse, and death as the empirical foundation of the science of human beings in Foucault’s medical archaeology have a general methodological significance of crossing the disciplinary boundaries between the history of science, intellectual history and social history.

Key words: spatialization of disease, discourse, clinical gaze, death, science of human beings