华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (6): 42-54.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2025.06.005

• 马克思主义与现时代 • 上一篇    下一篇

从自由贸易到社会革命：马克思世界历史理论视域下泛贸易保护主义批判

刘顺   

  • 接受日期:2025-11-01 出版日期:2025-11-15 发布日期:2025-12-06
  • 作者简介:刘顺，同济大学马克思主义学院教授（上海，200092）
  • 基金资助:
    国家社科基金一般项目“马克思对资本主义‘自由贸易’地缘政治效应的批判及其当代启示研究”(项目编号：25BKS006)。

From Free Trade to Social Revolution：A Critique of Pan-Protectionism in the Context of Marx’s Theory of World History

Shun Liu   

  • Accepted:2025-11-01 Online:2025-11-15 Published:2025-12-06

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摘要：

在马克思生活的时代，自由贸易主要指涉资本主义自由贸易，但他已廓清其历史作用的二重性：自由贸易构成历史向世界历史转变的经济介质，却又在资本逻辑统摄下被扭曲异化、沦为政治武器，成为世界历史演进的消极变量。政治化的自由贸易悖逆市场规律，增益资本权力空间化、催发阶级对抗普遍化，构成社会革命的经济前奏。正是在从真假自由贸易博弈向社会革命扩大化嬗变进程中，世界历史渐进培植与形塑。马克思世界历史理论深刻揭示的这一博弈与演进的逻辑，不但从未过时，反而在百年变局中不断开拓实践新场域，进而仍具备强大的理论生命力与实践指导意义。

关键词: 自由贸易, 社会革命, 马克思, 世界历史, 经济全球化

Abstract:

In Marx’s era, free trade primarily referred to capitalist free trade. He had already clarified its dual historical role: while serving as the economic medium for the transition to world history, it became distorted and alienated under the capital logic, degenerating into a political weapon and a negative variable in the evolution of world history. Politicized free trade defies market principles, amplifying the spatial expansion of capital power and catalyzing the universalization of class antagonism. This serves as the economic prelude to social revolution. It is through the evolutionary process of expanding from the contest between genuine and pseudo-free trade to social revolution that world history has been gradually cultivated and shaped. Marx’s theory of world history profoundly reveals the logic of this interplay and evolution. Far from being outdated, it has continuously opened new practical domains amid a century of transformation, thereby retaining formidable theoretical vitality and practical guidance.

Key words: free trade, social revolution, Marx, world history, economic globalization