华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (1): 114-123.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2026.01.011

• 韦伯政治社会学研究 • 上一篇    

波拿巴主义与王朝问题——从韦伯学说理解俾斯麦的政治心灵

张巍卓   

  • 接受日期:2025-12-31 出版日期:2026-01-15 发布日期:2026-02-02
  • 作者简介:张巍卓，中国人民大学社会学理论与方法研究中心、社会学院副教授（北京，100872）

Bonapartism and Dynasty： Understanding the Political Mind of Bismarck from Max Weber’s Theory

Weizhuo Zhang   

  • Accepted:2025-12-31 Online:2026-01-15 Published:2026-02-02

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摘要：

在韦伯关于德国政治的论述里，俾斯麦的人格形象、事迹及其遗留给德国的政治遗产无疑构成了核心的问题。作为德意志帝国的实际缔造者，俾斯麦不仅亲手改变了德意志各邦国四分五裂的局面，造就了统一的国家，而且由他主导和推动的一系列政治变革深刻地塑造了德国的国家形态。以韦伯的支配学说为起点，从“波拿巴主义”和“王朝”两个方面推进关于俾斯麦政治心灵的成长与现实效果的解释，可以有助于我们进一步地理解德国社会学传统中的国家意涵。

关键词: 支配, 俾斯麦, 帝国, 波拿巴主义, 王朝

Abstract:

In Max Weber’s exposition of the German politics, Bismarck’s personality image, political deeds and his political legacy undoubtedly are core issues. As the actual creator of the German Empire, Bismarck turned Germany with all the states falling apart into a unified country. Moreover, a series of political changes led by him profoundly shaped the German state. This paper attempts to use Weber’s doctrine of dominance as the starting point to advance the explanation of the growth and realistic effects of Bismarck’s political mind from the aspects of “Bonapartism” and “dynasty”, which will help us further understand the meaning of “state” in German sociological tradition.

Key words: dominance, Bismarck, empire, Bonapartism, dynasty