华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2000, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (3): 117-122.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2000.03.019

• 文学 语言 • 上一篇    

语气词“不成”的虚化机制考论

徐时仪   

  • 收稿日期:1999-09-20 出版日期:2000-05-01 发布日期:2025-12-19

On the Evolution of Grammar——Tense, Aspect and Modality of the Modal Word "Bucheng"

Shi-yi XU   

  • Received:1999-09-20 Online:2000-05-01 Published:2025-12-19

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摘要：

“不成”由词组演变为语气词是汉语词组语法化的一个典型。其在唐代已可用在句末, 语法化过程为由偏正词组演变为反诘副词再到语气助词这样两个阶段。其在句中语法位置、结构关系的改变引起其词义虚化, 而词义的虚化又导致其词汇语法位置和结构关系的改变。“难道⋯⋯不成”与“难道⋯⋯么(吗)”的演变与“么(吗)”和“不成”在虚词系统中的互相影响制约有关。“不成”的虚化受词义内容支配和语境影响, 表现为由行域向知域渐变, 即由客观向主观投射, 渐变是其虚化的主要机制。

关键词: 语气词, 不成, 语法化, 虚化机制

Abstract:

The evolution of grammar——tense, aspect and modality in bucheng is a typical caseof Chinese. Bucheng can be used as a modal word in the Tang Dynasty. Its grammaticalization is from a phrase to an adverb and a modal word. The change has reduced meaning to a grammatical one, and mis in turn brings more changes to its function in a sentence. Its evolution is interacted with other function words in the function word system. Its grammaticalization depends on the discourse situation. The gradual change is its grammaticalization's main mechanism.

Key words: modal word, bucheng, grammaticalization, mechanism