华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2005, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (1): 87-93.

• 应用语言学研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于“言语行为分析”的法律语言研究

胡范铸   

  • 收稿日期:2004-09-30 出版日期:2005-01-25 发布日期:2005-01-25
  • 作者简介:胡范铸(1955—),男,上海市人,华东师范大学学报编辑部教授

A Study of Legal Language Based on the Theory of "Speech Act"

Fan-zhu HU   

  • Received:2004-09-30 Online:2005-01-25 Published:2005-01-25

摘要:

任何学术研究都在自觉或不自觉地遵守某种范式, 我国的法律语言的研究范式自最初的“语修逻分析”后, 先后出现了“风格分析”、“语体分析”、“话语分析”等等范式, 本文试图提出一种新的模式: 法律语言的“言语行为分析”。基于言语行为的法律语言研究意味着: 任何“言语行为”在根本上都是人类“行为”的一种, 任何言语行为都是一种目的性行为实施过程中的一个组成部分, 任何行为都有其运用的规则, 任何“行为”的规则都是由这一行为的本质所内在地规定的, 要分析一种“言语行为”, 首先就要从分析这一“行为”的规定性开始。由此, 需要首先对“法律”这一行为充分加以定义, 才能获得“法律言语行为”的充分定义; 得到“法律言语行为”的充分定义, 才能逻辑性地区分“法律言语行为”的构成性规则和策略性规则; 并由此定义推导出法律言语行为的构成性规则: 法典准则、程序准则、话语权准则、一致性准则、证据准则、时间准则、易读准则等。

关键词: 法律语言, 言语行为, 充分定义, 构成性规则

Abstract:

Any academic research abides by a certain paradigm.The legal language study in China has experienced the "language-rhetoric-logic analysis, ""language style analysis, ", "writing type analysis"and "discourse analysis."This paper aims to propose a new paradigm: a paradigm of discourse analysis of legal language study.The legal language study based on "speech act"means that any "speech act"is a kind of human act, any "speech act"is part of a practice of an intentional action, and any rule of an"action"is determined by its immanent nature.Hence, analyzing the prescription of an act is a precondition to study a "speech act."Accordingly, we first give a sufficient definition of the action of "law", then draw a sufficient definition of "legal speech act"and logically differentiate constitutional rules from strategic rules of legal speech act.Based on these studies, we deduce the constitutional rules of legal speech act: legal code, formality, authority, consistency, attestation, time and readability.

Key words: legal language, speech act, sufficient definition, constitutional rule

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