华东师范大学(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2011, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (3): 9-15.

• 哲学研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

良知与正义：中国自然法的构建

李洪卫   

  1. 河北社科院禅文化研究中心，石家庄，050051
  • 收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2011-05-15 发布日期:2011-07-29
  • 通讯作者: 李洪卫

Conscience and Justice: The Construction of Natural Law in China

LI Hong-wei   

  • Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2011-05-15 Published:2011-07-29
  • Contact: LI Hong-wei

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摘要： 西方自然法或自然秩序理论以理性的普遍和内在论述奠定了个体平等和内在惩戒的原则。王阳明将孟子的良知内在说提升到天理的层面构成内在而普遍的道德理性。良知在孟子那里最高的构成法则是成为“天民”，从而确定了个体超越现实世俗价值的更高价值，王阳明既把它提升到“知天”层面又使它回归到个体，达成一切平等的内在可能性。儒家以“德”奠定人的先验平等，以“才”判定人的现实职业分途。个体良知的裁决具有个体性和普遍性的特征，但不是确定的普遍含义，只有公众良知的汇合、外显凝成公共理性才是天道的彰显，它的机制化则是公共理性的体现。

关键词: 良知, 正义, 理性, 天道, 天民

Abstract: In western natural law or theory of natural order, individual’s equality and inner restraint were based on the theory of universal reason which was in everyone self. The concept of conscience transcending secular value as ‘Tianli’ which Wang Yangming developed really make individual to be a citizen of the universe, so everyone’s equality was made. Confucianism convinced that one’s equality was derived from his born virtue. Social arbitrament only depends on one social system from public reason based on exchange of peoples’ conscience.

Key words: conscience, justice, reason, the Way of heaven, citizen of the universe