华东师范大学(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2014, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (5): 36-46.

• 历史研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

协调与猜忌
——1969年EC—121事件前后的美韩关系

梁志   

  1. 华东师范大学历史学系冷战国际史研究中心
  • 出版日期:2014-09-15 发布日期:2014-10-02
  • 通讯作者: 梁志
  • 作者简介:梁志
  • 基金资助:

    本文系国家社会科学基金青年项目“朝鲜半岛紧张局势与美韩信任危机研究(1953—1976)”(12CSS006)、上海市教育委员会科研创新重点项目“冷战时期朝鲜半岛危机与美韩同盟互信关系研究”(13ZS031)和上海市高校智库“华东师大周边合作与发展协同创新中心”2014 年度项目阶段性成果。

Coordination and Suspicion: U.S.-ROK Relations Before and After EC-121 Incident of 1969

LIANG Zhi   

  • Online:2014-09-15 Published:2014-10-02
  • Contact: LIANG Zhi
  • About author:LIANG Zhi

摘要: 1969 年EC121 事件前后,美韩同盟内部看似密切协调,实则相互猜忌。从韩国的角度讲,该事件的发生进一步加深了朴正熙政府对美国“保护伞”的怀疑,将美韩同盟带入一场新的信任危机,进而促使汉城主动寻求与平壤缓和关系并努力实现国防自立。就美国而言,EC121 侦察机被击落致使本应提上议事日程的削减驻韩美军问题被迫搁置,直至半年后尼克松才正式做出该决定。美国和韩国之所以长时间难以建立稳定的互信关系,主要原因在于双方认识和处理朝鲜半岛问题的方式存在巨大差异。该个案还表明,冷战时期共同的敌人完全可能使实力相差悬殊的两个国家(或地区)走到一起,但却未必能够让二者形成共同的战略意识和判断。

关键词: 冷战, EC121 事件, 美韩同盟, 信任危机

Abstract: It appears that U.S. and Republic of Korea coordinated closely to deal with the Korean Peninsula issue before and after EC-121 Incident of 1969. In fact, new evidences reveal a profound suspicion between Washington and Seoul. The incident deepened the ROK’s mistrust of U.S. security commitment and led up to new U.S.-ROK confidence crisis. Finally, Seoul sought ways to improve relations with DPRK and achieve self-reliance in national defense. On the other hand, EC-121 Incident obliged President Nixon shelve his plan of reducing U.S. armed forces in ROK. Washington considered the implementation of U.S. presence reduction until November 1969. The main reason for U.S.-ROK confidence crisis lies in the obvious difference of cognition and conduction for Korean peninsula affairs between Washington and Seoul. The case study also indicates that although common enemy may promote the two countries or regions with very different capabilities to form an alliance, they do not necessarily share similar strategic thinking and judgment.