华东师范大学(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2014, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 101-108.

• 哲学研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

西方“启蒙”观念在现代中国哲学史中的运用与发展 
——以侯外庐、萧萐父的明清哲学研究为例

吴根友   

  1. 武汉大学哲学学院,武汉,430072
  • 出版日期:2014-07-15 发布日期:2014-10-02
  • 通讯作者: 吴根友
  • 作者简介:吴根友

The Application and Development of the Western Concept of “Enlightenment” in the Study of the History of Chinese Philosophy in Modern China

WU Gen-you   

  • Online:2014-07-15 Published:2014-10-02
  • Contact: WU Gen-you
  • About author:WU Gen-you

摘要: 现代西方哲学中的“启蒙”观念对于近现代中国社会的各个层面都产生了广泛的影响。在中国哲学史的书写过程中,侯外庐、萧萐父二人继承梁启超、胡适的明清思想研究成果,运用马克思主义哲学的理论范式,将晚明至清道光年间的三百多年的历史称之为“明清之际”,并认定这一历史时期内中国出现了资本主义萌芽,而与资本主义萌芽相适应,在思想界也出现了“中国早期启蒙思想”。萧萐父还进一步论定,与欧洲启蒙思想反对“宗教异化”的历史任务不同,“中国早期启蒙思想”主要是反对“伦理异化”。现代中国思想史研究中对现代西方“启蒙”观念的理解、运用,从一个侧面反映了“启蒙”观念在现代世界历史中的多义性与差异性。

关键词: 侯外庐, 萧萐父, 明清之际, 启蒙, 伦理异化

Abstract: The concept of “enlightenment” in modern Western philosophy has had extensive influence on every aspect of modern Chinese society. In their writing of the history of Chinese philosophy, HOU Wai-lu and XIAO Jie-fu inherited LIANG Qi-chao and HU Shi’s achievements in the study of the intellectual history of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and applied the theoretical pattern of Marxism to define the over 300 years’ history from the late Ming Dynasty to the Regime of Emperor Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty as the “transition from the Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty”. They believed that “early Chinese enlightenment thought”, with arising capitalist sprouts, had appeared in this period. XIAO even argued that “early Chinese enlightenment thought” was mainly against “ethical alienization” while European enlightenment against “religious alienization”. The interpretation and application of the modern Western concept of “enlightenment” in the study of the history of Chinese thought in modern China reflects the polysemy and diversity of the concept of “enlightenment” in modern world history.