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Land market reform is an important institutional variable which affects the urban-rural income gap. Using the data of 232 prefecture-level cities from 2001 to 2013, this paper empirically analyzes the impact of land marketization on the urban-rural income gap in China. It is found that land marketization significantly expands the urban-rural income gap at the national level, but there are regional differences in this impact. Land marketization in eastern China has narrowed the urban-rural income gap, while land marketization in central and western China has widened the urban-rural income gap. Therefore, from the perspective of the whole country, the land expropriation compensation mechanism shall shift from static monetary compensation to dynamic compensation, and reflect regional differences. In particular, the integration level of urban and rural land market in central and western regions should be improved. We shall also break away from the dual structure of unequal rights and interests in agricultural land and urban land, open up the urban and rural real estate market, establish a unified urban and rural land system and housing market, and promote equal rights and prices for same land. We shall properly handle with the relationship between the government and the market, reduce the government's improper interference in the allocation of land resources, balance the supply of land between regions, and encourage urban and rural residents in eastern, central and western regions to share the fruits of reform and development.
Based on the data of "Chinese Social Survey", this paper studies the intergenerational difference of migrant workers' housing difficulties and their influencing factors. The results show that the intergenerational difference is obvious. Through the analysis of the function mechanism of the intergenerational difference, it turns out that the intergenerational variables not only have a direct impact but also have an indirect influence on their housing difficulties. The factors of marital status, employment status, unit nature and area types have significantly different influence on two generations of the migrant workers' housing difficulties. Household income in the previous year not only has a significant negative influence on the housing difficulties of the old generation of migrant workers, but also has a significant negative influence on the housing difficulties of the new generation of migrant workers. Whether the new generation of migrant workers or the old generation of migrant workers, the probability of housing difficulties of migrant workers who rent low-rent houses and private rental houses is lower than that of migrant workers who rent dormitories. Therefore, the government shall take specific measures to ease the housing difficulties of different generations of migrant workers. To reduce the probability of their housing difficulties, we shall improve their income, increase the supply of rental housing appropriate to their affordability, supply common-property affordable housing for the married new generation, encourage and support employers to renovate dormitories or build high quality blue-collar workers apartments.
With the implementation of the "Universal Two-Child Policy", urban women's reproductive habits and fertility behaviors have gradually changed, facing the dilemma of career interruption due to childbirth and second childbirth. Focusing on childbearing and career interruption has become an important part of women's employment at current stage. Based on the yearbook and survey data, this paper uses the Fixed-Effect Model to measure the influencing factors of urban women's career interruption, and the Probit Model to analyze the influence of fertility on career interruption and its mechanism. The results show that women with stronger fertility and supportive desires are more likely to experience career interruption. The older childbearing age, as well as the longer birth interval, is more conducive to women's employment; family care, employment support and parental leave are positively affecting women's re-employment; maternity insurance, maternity benefits and childcare services have positive effects on avoiding career interruption; labor contracts, employment guidance and employment subsidies are important guarantees for women's employment; and gender discrimination can aggravate career interruption. We should improve the supporting policy for two-child families, establish a work-family balance mechanism within the family, strive to increase the stock of women's human capital, create an employment environment with high resilience, and establish a sound system of fertility and employment security.
Frontier literatures begin to pay close attention to technological progress bias problem, but generally ignore the mismatch between technological progress direction and factor endowment of developing countries. The role of FDI in the multinational technological progress direction transfer has been rarely noticed. Based on this, according to Acemoglu's technology progress bias model, this paper applies the three-equation method of standardized system to calculate the technological progress bias, using panel data to analyze the impact of American direct investment on China's technological progress bias. It also explores the role of technology gap in the transnational transfer which takes FDI as the carrier, and the difference between FDI's horizontal spillover and vertical spillover. The results show that:(1)The technical progress directions of China and the United States are both capital biases. FDI plays an important role in the multinational technological progress bias transfer, which is the reason why China's manufacturing technology progress direction and its factor endowment structure don't match. (2)The transfer effects of different FDI technology spillovers are heterogeneous. Horizontal spillovers and backward spillovers lead to China's capital technological progress bias. (3)There is a threshold effect on the technology progress bias transfer. The larger the technological gap between China and the United States, the more obvious the technology transfer effect.
Technology authority is a common phenomenon in heavy industry cluster. Taking a case of Shanghai Lin'gang equipment manufacturing cluster from the perspective of technology hierarchy and using structural equation model, this thesis analyzes the networking, cooperation and location of innovation under technology authority. Theoretical and empirical research reveals:technology authority is an important factor affecting heavy industry cluster innovation path, and the core firm has the absolute controlling force; the authority cause difficulties in innovation networking, and cluster members cooperate along industry chain, focus more on process innovation than product innovation, and depend on suppliers more than the market; to improve innovation location has no effect on alleviating technology hierarchy, so we should rethink the cluster mode innovation; innovation networking as an important intermediary factor is an effective way to break the technology authority, and the key lies in the efficient integration in manufacturing sector. In order to optimize China's heavy industry cluster innovation and accelerate its innovation upgrading, we should embed in a value chain and an innovation chain by embedding in a production chain through process upgrading to create innovation trends; we need to change the old way of cluster building, reducing the dependence on cluster innovation externalities and focusing on the optimization of manufacturing innovation position to avoid too much dependence on local markets and policies; we should also form a multi-vendor and multi-segment linkage by innovation networking.
Taking the manufacturing, financial, high-tech and cultural industry in the Yangtze River Delta region as the research object, and using the data from 1999 to 2015 of 36 cities in the Yangtze River Delta region to build eight spatial weight matrices, this thesis applies static and dynamic spatial Durbin model (SDM) for empirical analysis of the characteristics of industrial agglomeration development and its short-term and long-term direct, indirect and overall economic benefits to regional economic development. According to the empirical results show that financial agglomeration is unfavorable in the short term but beneficial in the long term to urban economic development. On the contrary, the cluster of manufacturing and high-tech industry is beneficial in the short term but unfavorable in the long term to urban economic development. The agglomeration of cultural industries is not conducive to urban economic development in the short term, and its influence on urban economic development is unclear in the long term. In order to stabilize the leading position of the Yangtze River Delta region in economic development in China, the government needs to ensure industrial agglomeration beneficial to urban economic development through breaking the administrative boundaries, making overall planning, intervening and adjusting its development direction and rhythm.
To study the specific mechanism of the impact of rural convergence of primary, secondary and tertiary industries on farmers' income increase, this paper selects panel data of 31 provinces and cities in China from 2005 to 2014 to test the threshold effect of rural convergence of primary, secondary and tertiary industries on farmers' income increase. It shows that in the model, human capital level in the countryside, rural recreation and sports investment in fixed assets, agriculture, forestry and fishing investment in fixed assets are threshold variables. In different intervals of different threshold variables, the promoting effect on farmers' income with the increasing level of rural convergence of primary, secondary and tertiary industries has remarkable difference. Human capital level in the countryside, recreation and sports investment in fixed assets, agriculture, forestry and fishing investment in fixed assets are unidirectional granger cause of the level of convergence. Therefore, the relevant departments should keep the agriculture, forestry and fishing investment in fixed assets at an appropriate level, cultivate new types of innovation talents and entrepreneurs in agriculture and enhance the integration of recreation, tourism and agriculture in order to improve the effect of rural convergence of primary, secondary and tertiary industries on farmers' income increase.
国家社会科学基金学术期刊资助入选期刊
