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25 January 2005, Volume 37 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Japan's "Departure from Asia for Europe"and China's "Commemoration of Three Jia's" Xue-zhao LIU 2005, 37 (1):  1-7.  Abstract ( 367 )   HTML ( 5 )   Save At the turn of China's late Qing and early Republic periods Japanese "militarists" caused the"commemoration of three jia's" in the history of Sino-Japanese relations.The Chinese-Japanese War of 1894(jia wu)signified the beginning of Japan's process of "departure from Asia", and its position of "joining Europe"was consolidated owing to the War of 1904(jia chen).During and after the War of 1914(jia yin)Japan's policy toward China and its state goal had a new turn.Afterwards, it moved from its"departure from Asia for Europe"and "keeping European and American powers' company" to strengthening its"aggressive"attitude and "trying to annex China by force."Looking back to the historical memories of Japan's "departure from Asia for Europe"and China's "commemoration of three jia's"today, a time of peace and development becoming our epochal themes, will be helpful to the Chinese people to cherish their unprecedented historical opportunity rarely met once in a century, and for some Japanese, who still remain a cultural mood of "worshiping Europe and despising Asia, "to correctly understand their war history engaging their neighboring countries, thus paving the way for establishing a kind of mutually trusting, coexisting and both-winning good-neighborly relations. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Historical Retrospect on Ningbo's Opening-up to the West and the Formation of the Ningbo Gang Jun-mei XIE 2005, 37 (1):  8-13.  Abstract ( 1560 )   HTML ( 10 )   Save Ningbo, a city located at Hangzhou Bay, Zhejiang Province, and Shanghai and Nantong of Jiangsu Province together, are like three bright pearls beside East Sea, and have become a door for economic and trade business between the Yangtze Delta and other parts of the world.To open Ningbo for international trade, the West had made efforts for centuries.According to stipulations of the Sino-British "Treaty of Nanjing"signed in 1842, Ningbo was one of the five cities open to international trade.But due to the rise of Shanghai, peasants' rebellions and pirates' harassments, the Western plan to turn Ningbo into an imporatant port was not realized.Later, Ningbo's merchants played an active role on the stage of Shanghai.When the West forced China to open its door for free trade, those businessmen took up this opportunity to develop their international and domestic business in areas of trade and finance, and established a significant commercial group—the Ningbo Gang. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Circulation and Discontinuity: The Transfomation of Distinguished Families in Tang Xi after the Middle Period of Ming Dynasty Jian-bo DONG, Xue-chang LI 2005, 37 (1):  14-20.  Abstract ( 1408 )   HTML ( 3 )   Save The development of agriculture and town economy on the Hangjia Hu Plain from the sixteenth to seventeenth centuries provided some conditions for the rise of distinguished and powerful families.At the same time the political accumulation and development of imperial examinations promoted those families to reach their prosperous summit.Though each family boomed or declined, social strata continued for three centuries.After the middle period of the nineteenth century the rise or fall of distinguished families in Tang Xi was interrupted finally through rapid social reforms and revolutions. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Non-governmental Philanthropic Relief during the Time of Emergency——A Case Study of Shanghai's Gentry and Businessmen's Philanthropic Relief after"the Gengzi Event" of 1900 Qing-hua RUAN 2005, 37 (1):  21-26.  Abstract ( 1267 )   HTML ( 3 )   Save After the Gengzi Event of 1900 the eight-power allied army, local disbanded soldiers, gangsters and robbers pillaged and even killed people around the area of Tianjing and Beijing.The refugees' number increased rapidly, but the government of the late Qing Dynasty was unable to relieve them effectively.Shanghai's gentry and merchants formed philanthropic organizations to mobilize non-governmental strengths in provinces of southeast China to organize fund-raising activities, thus strongly making up for official temporary disabilities of social relief in the time of emergency, which not only indicated a new development of China's folk charities but also signified a new change of the relationship between governmental and non-governmental. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Spread of Western Medicine into the East and the Initiation of Medical and Health Undertakings in Modern China Xian-zhong HAO 2005, 37 (1):  27-33.  Abstract ( 1397 )   HTML ( 35 )   Save Western medicine was introduced into China as a Christian missionary tool.Its advanced system, technical level and humanity incarnated by those missionary doctors gradually won Chinese people's approval.Its favorable exemplary effects promoted transformations of traditional Chinese medical strucure and of relations between doctor and patient.As a result, modern Western hopitalism was transplanted to China and modern Chinese public medical undertakings set in motion. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Contingency and Rotty's Neo-Pragmatism De-rong PAN 2005, 37 (1):  34-40.  Abstract ( 1345 )   HTML ( 6 )   Save Richard Rotty, an outstanding figure of contemporary Western neo-pragmatism, establishes his philosophy upon his absolutely radical understanding of "contingencies, "i.e. the contingency of language, of self and of liberal society.Since it is these contingencies rather than any law that constitute our material and mental world, any objective knowledge on essence or truth will be impossible.By deconstructing traditional epistemology in such a revolutionary way, Rotty claims that the criterion of truth lies in our beliefs and wishes, and the real momentum of history in our imagination.Rotty's neo-pragmatism and traditional epistemology may complement each other, because the former overstimates contingency, whereas the latter stresses necessity too much.In a sense, Rotty's philosophy, which emphasizes contingency, practice and future, is far more significant for us than a common understanding of truth. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Study on Resident Demands in Building an Overall Well-to-do Society of Different Areas Li ZHENG, Wen YUAN 2005, 37 (1):  41-47.  Abstract ( 1168 )   HTML ( 2 )   Save The economic developmental level affects in a certain degree people's understandings and views of an all-round well-off society.Here, three county areas are selected as reserach samples with characteristics of mostly the same size of area and population but different economic developmental levels and social cultural backgrounds.Based on the questionnaire through public participation guided by experts, this paper makes a comparison of common concerns of local residents in each sample area and draws some conclusions by using the first-hand data.Social welfare and security, the quality of education, local resident comprehensive qualities, farmers' and townspeople's average net income are cared by all.The economic developmental level dramatically affects the residents' concerns on environment, government and earnings.The demands and needs for an all-round well-off society is different among those groups, which mostly results from their occupations. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Study on the Application of Contingent Valuation Method in the Social Effect Valuation of Shanghai's Urban Mass Transit Feng-chun LIN, Jing CHEN 2005, 37 (1):  48-53.  Abstract ( 1366 )   HTML ( 24 )   Save The social effects of urban mass transit consist of tangible and intangible effects.The latter is quite difficult to be quantitatively estimated when we use the method of market valuation.To solve the problem, the contingent valuation method (CVM) is applied to valuate social effects of urban mass transit.Taken Shainghai's urban mass transit as an example, the result of its social effects valuated by CVM has been proved to be reliable under the method of econometrics.The study indicates that CVM can overcome shortcomings of the traditional market valuation method and provides a scientific way to valuate social effects of urban mass transit. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Review of Taiwan Scholars on Recent Twenty-year Mainland Religious Studies Wei-ping CHEN 2005, 37 (1):  54-60, 74.  Abstract ( 1281 )   HTML ( 3 )   Save Taiwan's scholars are considerably concerned with recent twenty-year religious studies in the mainland, introducing or commenting writings and views about the study of religion, religious literature and major religions from their various perspectives and areas.It is quite significant to sort out those data, which will be beneficial for us to have a comprehensive understanding of the development of religious studies in contemporary China. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Earliest Bilingual Poetical Collection——A Tentative Exploration of Transcultureal Characteristics of The Collection of Japanese Songs and Chinese Poems Xiao-guang LU 2005, 37 (1):  61-67.  Abstract ( 1945 )   HTML ( 10 )   Save The Collection of Japanese Songs and Chinese Poems (Hehan Langyong Ji), a book with bilingual compiling style, including Chinese poems and Japanese songs, is rarely seen in the history of Chinese-foreign literary relations.The strong Chinese literary feature is marvelously integrated with the striking Japanese cultural character in the book, which presents a transcultural charm of ancient Chinese literature, as well as a dual tradition of ancient Japanese literature.No doubt, the book regarded as a precious classic for ages by the Japanese intellectual circle should enter into the research vision of Chinese comparative literature. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Western Folklore and "Folk" of Literature Lan DAI 2005, 37 (1):  68-74.  Abstract ( 1393 )   HTML ( 9 )   Save The Western folklore was created in the nineteenth century.In various historical periods there are different definitions and understandings of the "folk"in the context of "folklore, "and emphases of various schools of folklore are not the same either.As a result, Western literature is imbued with humanism in accordance with the "folk", highlighting individuality and free thinking.Its creation tends to be directed at human ultimate concerns, and the "folk" complex in its works is pervasive in its long history. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The "Story"and "Discourse"in True History of the Kelly Gang Qing-long PENG 2005, 37 (1):  75-79.  Abstract ( 1413 )   HTML ( 4 )   Save The True History of the Kelly Gang, is a powerful story, "expressed through the unforgettable voice of a vilified man, "about the early settler days in Australia.The thesis, from a perspective of narratology and a dimension of neo-historicism, is an attempt to explore its political allegory, national vision, and narrative devices related to its motif construction. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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CHEN Ping-yuan's "Consciousness of the Role of Scholar" Zhong-yi XIA, Xing-hua ZHOU 2005, 37 (1):  80-86.  Abstract ( 1343 )   HTML ( 2 )   Save CHEN Ping-yuan expresses his unique understanding of the orientation of a scholarly role in his claim of "a scholar's human sentiments and thoughts, "and meanwhile presents his self-consciousness and self-discipline as a scholar by his own scholastic studies.His sensible and self-bittersweet scholarship provides not only a methodical guide to academic researches, but also inspirations for the cultivation of noble characters and ideals.His strong consciousness of a scholarly role has become a certain"phenomenon"in intellectual circles, representing a transcentenary inheritance of the academic tradition. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Study of Legal Language Based on the Theory of "Speech Act" Fan-zhu HU 2005, 37 (1):  87-93.  Abstract ( 1327 )   HTML ( 2 )   Save Any academic research abides by a certain paradigm.The legal language study in China has experienced the "language-rhetoric-logic analysis, ""language style analysis, ", "writing type analysis"and "discourse analysis."This paper aims to propose a new paradigm: a paradigm of discourse analysis of legal language study.The legal language study based on "speech act"means that any "speech act"is a kind of human act, any "speech act"is part of a practice of an intentional action, and any rule of an"action"is determined by its immanent nature.Hence, analyzing the prescription of an act is a precondition to study a "speech act."Accordingly, we first give a sufficient definition of the action of "law", then draw a sufficient definition of "legal speech act"and logically differentiate constitutional rules from strategic rules of legal speech act.Based on these studies, we deduce the constitutional rules of legal speech act: legal code, formality, authority, consistency, attestation, time and readability. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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On Core Rigidity in Strategic Adjustments Xiao-dong CHEN, Chuan-ming CHEN 2005, 37 (1):  94-100.  Abstract ( 1180 )   HTML ( 3 )   Save Since the concept of core competence was put forward, Chinese and foreign enterprises and intellectual circles have been more focusing on how to cultivate, apply and enhance enterprises' core competence.However, it should be adjusted or innovated when companies' circumstances change.The characteristic of rigidity embodied in core competence tends to turn it into the core rigidity that is a barrier of an enterprise's continuous innovations.We should make a comprehensive study of core rigidity so that we may have a fresh way of thinking to go beyond it so as to realize an enterprise's continuous innovations. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Enterprise's Clusters, Competitive Advantages and Competitive Strategies Ying-hui TAN 2005, 37 (1):  101-106.  Abstract ( 1348 )   HTML ( 2 )   Save Competitiveness is a logical strarting point of competitive advantages and strategies.It is beneficial for a scientific comprehension of competitiveness of an enterprise's cluster and its mechanism of competitive advantages to dynamically survey sources of an enterprise's competitiveness.Clusters of an enterprise will upgrade its competitiveness and competitive advantages through its geographic convergence, optimal industrial organization and effects of colony cooperation, if only it establishes its conception of competitive strategy and continuously gain and retain its competitive advantages. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Strategic Alliance of Real Estate Corporations Yi FANG 2005, 37 (1):  107-112, 119.  Abstract ( 1130 )   HTML ( 2 )   Save 企业战略联盟是一种可以实现资源共享、风险分担、优势互补的有效组织形式。建立房地产企业战略联盟是房地产企业应对当前市场形势、谋求持续发展的战略选择。房地产企业的战略资源(土地资源、金融资源、品牌资源、人力资源) 以及核心能力(资源配置能力、市场营销能力、信息处理能力) 是建立房地产企业战略联盟的基础。房地产企业战略联盟可以有土地———资金联盟、区域开发联盟、区域营销联盟等多种形式。建立必要的信任机制和控制机制有助于提高房地产企业战略联盟的稳定性和效率。 References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Reconstruction of Ethical Culture in the Forming Process of Civil Society Yu-hua YU 2005, 37 (1):  113-119.  Abstract ( 1108 )   HTML ( 1 )   Save 西方国家发起的两次公民社会的讨论证明了伦理文化对公民社会发展的导向作用。公民社会不仅仅是人类社会的自然过程, 更是人类社会的建设过程。以权利为核心、权利与义务相平衡的公民社会理论不仅揭示了公民政治法律观念的现代性, 同时也反映了人们道德上的要求。东方国家虽然有上千年的道德文化, 但缺失公民文化; 因为没有市民法制, 产生不了公民道德。东方国家公民社会及其道德建设的原则是: 在共性上接轨世界, 在个性上保持自我, 引导公民社会健康发展。 References | Related Articles | Metrics