华东师范大学(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2014, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 72-81.

• 历史研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

试析魏玛德国失业保险体制的建立

孟钟捷   

  1. 华东师大历史系，上海，200241
  • 出版日期:2014-03-15 发布日期:2014-04-01
  • 通讯作者: 孟钟捷:历史学博士，上海华东师范大学历史系副教授，主要从事德国现当代社会史研究。
  • 作者简介:孟钟捷:历史学博士，上海华东师范大学历史系副教授，主要从事德国现当代社会史研究。
  • 基金资助:

    本文系国家社科基金青年项目《德国魏玛时代的社会政策研究（1918-1933）》（批准号：13CSS015）的阶段性成果。

On the Establishment of the Unemployment Insurance in Weimar Germany

Meng Zhongjie   

  1. History Department, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241
  • Online:2014-03-15 Published:2014-04-01
  • Contact: Meng Zhongjie
  • About author:Meng Zhongjie

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摘要： 自19世纪末起，失业已成为德意志社会的显性问题之一。然而用保险方法来应对失业危机的观念，却因争议颇多而被帝国政府搁置。一战期间，为获得工人阶级的支持，帝国政府改变立场，启动济贫体系改革。直到1927年，魏玛德国才最终建立失业保险体制。但是该体制充其量是在复杂的社会交往关系、战后政治格局变迁和经济形势动荡背景中的产物，且被魏玛政府视作控制并解决社会危机的一种手段，缺乏对财政能力和未来发展的预见性，以致埋下了魏玛民主衰亡的导火索。

关键词: 德国, 魏玛共和国, 失业保险体制, 社会政策

Abstract: Since the end of the 19th century, unemployment had become one of dominant phenomena in German society. However, the unemployment insurance was shelved by the imperial government due to many disputes. During the World War I, in order to get the support from the working class, the imperial government changed its position and started the reform of the poor relief system. It was not until 1927 that the unemployment insurance system was finally established in Weimar Germany. Nevertheless, a fuse that caused directly the decline of Weimar democracy had been buried in this insurance system since it was at best a product of complicated social relations, postwar political transmission and economic fluctuations. Weimar government regarded it as a way to control and solve social crises and it failed to foresee financial capacity and possible development in the future.