华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2004, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (1): 112-120.

• 论文 • 上一篇    

汉语生命范畴及其词汇、词法、句法表现

王珏   

  • 收稿日期:2003-09-05 出版日期:2004-01-01 发布日期:2004-01-25
  • 作者简介:王珏(1949-),男,河南人,华东师范大学汉语言系教授

The Category of Animacy and Its Manifestations in Chinese Grammar and Lexicon

Jue WANG   

  • Received:2003-09-05 Online:2004-01-01 Published:2004-01-25

摘要:

生命范畴是语言里的基本范畴之一, 它及其下位范畴在汉语的词汇、词法和句法中均有不同于无生范畴的映射或表现。在词汇层, 有生范畴映射为区分不同有生本体及其动作行为、性质、状态的词汇单位。在性范畴中, 有生范畴映射为名词有无性别成分标记, 在格范畴中映射为名词主要充当核心格还是外围格的潜能。在句法层次上, 主要表现为体词、谓词的有生性对句子语序结构的宏观制约和对句法成分的微观调控

关键词: 生命范畴, 表现, 词汇, 词法, 句法, 语法范畴

Abstract:

The category of animacy consists of two sub-categori es of animacy and unanimacy, both of which manifest themselves differently in vocabulary and grammar. In a lexemic stratum, the animacy category manifests itself mainly as a n antagonism between lexemic units. In a lexical stratum, it shows an antagonism between affix and word-formation. In a grammatical stratum, it displays an antagonism between with and without substantive marks and between masculine and feminine words. In addition, it manifests the proficiency of acting mainly as a key case or periphery case. In a syntax stratum, the animacy and the degree of anima cy of substantive words and predicate words put a macro restraint on the word order as well as a micro restraint on the syntax composition.

Key words: animacy category, manifestation, Chinese, lexicon, m orphology, syntax

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