Abstract:

There were sharp social conflicts during the revolution of 1911. Commotions waged by middle and low classes took place frequently. They had three characteristics: extensive, low quality, and transitive. The causation of these characteristics lay in the mass resisting consciousness for death, their backward consciousness of the authority cult, and the change of times and class relations. They reflected the complication of social changes in modern China.

Key words: the period of the Revolution of 1911, rural commotion, characteristic, causation