Abstract:

The breakthrough in both open-source and closed-source large models of AGI marks the advent of the AGI era for human society. The rapid advancement of AI technologies is profoundly reshaping capitalist societies primarily in three dimensions of productive forces: the transformation of the means of labor from specific tools to generalized production systems, the shift of labor objects from tangible natural resources to intangible data resources, and the evolution of laborers into human-machine collaborators. A critical examination of these new dynamics reveals that the development and deployment of AGI under capitalist systems significantly intensifies data monopolization of the means of production, exacerbates structural imbalances in distribution relations, and deepens the alienation of consumption relations. These transformations are fostering a new power structure in capitalist societies, giving rise to a novel form of “technological capitalism” driven by technology and data. Exemplified by DeepSeek, the successful development of indigenous open-source AGI models in China demonstrates China’s distinctive advantages in advancing AGI and provides a new path for the development of AGI in China and offers a Chinese-style modernization path option for promoting global AI governance.

Key words: AGI, capitalism, political economics of Marxism, open-source and closed-source models, AI governance