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On Scholars′ Paintings：“Implication in Rock Paintings” for 700 Years from SU Shi to ZHENG Ban-qiao Zhong-yi XIA Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences)    2022, 54 (5): 63-79.   DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2022.05.007 Abstract （258）   HTML （6）    PDF （1202KB）（1013）       Knowledge map    In this paper, the “rock” （modeling element） in the traditional flower and bird paintings is aesthetically divided into two categories, that is, “implication in rock paintings” and “rock worship and pleasure” regarded as an instrumental symbol to mark the distinction between “scholars′ paintings” and “literati′s paintings”. This is significant in three aspects. First, from SU Shi of the Northern Song Dynasty to DONG Qi-chang of the Ming Dynasty, the paintings of men of letters that express their feelings and interests are known as “scholars′ paintings” and “literati′s paintings”. However, in the painting world after DONG Qi-chang, the title of “literati′s paintings” vaguely “cover” “scholars′ paintings”. The “implication in rock paintings” refined in this paper is to prove that “scholars′ paintings” are different from “literati′s paintings” because the former pays more attention to the artist′s moral feelings than the interest in brush and ink skills. Second, from the perspective of “implication in rock paintings”, the history of Chinese paintings from the Northern Song Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty can be divided into “scholars′ paintings” and “literati′s paintings”: the former from SU Shi to ZHENG Ban-qiao, and the latter from MI Fu to CHEN Hong-shou. This is the life roles of the ancient sages represented by rock paintings. Third, from the “Dongpo′s grotesque rock” and “Banqiao′s bamboo, orchid and rock” in the “implication in rock paintings”, we can not only know the ancient inheritance of exemplary persons′ poetry and philosophy, but also learn that the “rock” in the eyes of the worthy has not been a cold object in nature since ancient times, but a symbol of the spiritual foundation of the worthy when they deal with the turbid world. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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WANG Yi’s Annotation on The Songs of Chu and the Political Situation in Emperor An’s Reign Xing-lu ZHOU Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences)    2022, 54 (4): 106-114.   DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2022.04.011 Abstract （348）   HTML （25）    PDF （923KB）（1102）       Knowledge map    WANG Yi’s Annotation on The Songs of Chu not only laid a foundation for the study of The Songs of Chu, but was also significant in the history of literary criticism in the Han Dynasty. During Emperor An’s reign that lasted for around two decades, the political situation was messy and sycophantic. In the court, however, many ministers were brave enough to admonish the emperor severely. The imperial court encouraged political criticism. In such an atmosphere, as a collating officer, WANG Yi developed his thought while collating classic books. Different from the moderation of YANG Xiong and BAN Gu, WANG highly praised QU Yuan’s spirit of satire. The royal family in Nanyang emphasized the responsibility of protecting the country of the Han Dynasty by developing the idea that “the sons of Duke had no righteousness to leave the country” from Chuqiu Fanlu while compiling ritual propriety of the Han Dynasty. This affected WANG to elaborate for the first time on QU Yuan’s idea that people with the same surname of Chu would be not righteous to leave the country. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Burgundy in the Late Middle Ages and the Construction of a French Nation State Ming ZHU Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences)    2023, 55 (5): 35-47.   DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2023.05.005 Abstract （92）   HTML （5）    PDF （786KB）（536）       Knowledge map    Traditional opinion is that the Hundred Years’ War between England and France in the late Middle Ages consolidated the national consciousness of Western European countries and facilitated the formation of two nation states, i.e., England and France. However, the construction of the Burgundy state indicates that a homogeneous French nation-state was far from being formed during this period, and Valois France did not complete its national construction. The Duchy of Burgundy, located in the eastern part of France, not only gained independence from the Kingdom of France through marriage and expansion, but also strengthened regional national identity through construction of institution and capital city, almost becoming an independent kingdom that included regions such as northern and eastern parts of France and Belgium. The Duke of Burgundy made efforts to expand and integrate his feudal territories, laying the foundation for national construction and leaving behind longue-durée influence. In the late Middle Ages, the territorial states derived from feudal territories facilitated the transformation of urban and regional spaces, reflecting the complexity and diversity of the Western transition from feudal times to the era of modern states. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evocation Funeral and Five Rites System in the Eastern Jin Dynasty Man-cang LIANG Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences)    2021, 53 (4): 55-65.   DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2021.04.006 Abstract （397）   HTML （26）    PDF （965KB）（493）       Knowledge map    According to Confucianism, the soul of a human being exists and the body and soul rest in the grave and the ancestral temple respectively when a person passes away. This provides the theoretical foundation for Confucian rites system to distinguish fortune rites from unfortune ones. In the late Western Jin Dynasty, due to the invasion of northern foreign tribes, many people in Central China moved to the south and even the court moved to Jiankang. For some official-scholars, when their families moved to the south, they lost their lives in the war in the north and their corpses could not be found. Hence, the evocation funeral was advocated. Differing from the traditional evocation custom, there was no corpse placed in the coffins in the grave but only souls in the evocation funeral in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. This funeral ceremony conflicted with the idea of body and spirit in traditional Confucianism and threatened the Five Rites System which was under construction at that time. Therefore, the evocation funeral was denounced fiercely by Confucian officials in the court and was forbidden in the end. However, it became prevalent in the late Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Sui and Tang Dynasties, which was related to the maturity of the Five Rites System. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Community Interaction Ritual，Emotional Energy and Fans’ Loyalty Hai-bo XUE Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences)    2021, 53 (3): 134-145.   DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2021.03.011 Abstract （244）   HTML （55）    PDF （913KB）（510）       Knowledge map    It has been recognized that brand community plays an important role in attracting loyal fans both online and offline. This paper explores the mechanism through which community interaction rituals, a fundamental component of brand community, influence fans’ loyalty. Based on the valid scales, combining with the fan group interview, a questionnaire was designed and investigated. With collected valid samples, confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation model analysis and hypothesis testing were conducted by partial least square method. The results show that interpersonal-interaction ritual and individual consumption ritual of self-interaction with communal material resources are two dimensions of community interaction rituals that have significant positive impact on fans’ loyalty. Emotional energy mediates the influence of community interaction rituals on fans’ loyalty. In addition, this loyalty is also moderated by network density. The practical managerial implications of these theoretical findings are also discussed. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Retrospect of Contemporary Linguistic Theories Bao-jia LI Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences)    2021, 53 (6): 77-95.   DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2021.06.008 Abstract （206）   HTML （40）    PDF （1119KB）（798）       Knowledge map    Western semantics history could be summarized as historical orientation, psychological orientation and contextual orientation. In other words, Western semantics of the 19th century has been successively overlapped with biology, psychology and sociology. All “new theories” in modern times we are worshipping, including psychology, subjectivity, sociality, form and function, statics and dynamics, context and situation, metaphor and metonymy, and meaning domain and prototype theory, are beneath previous masterpieces. Owing to the three trends of formalism in the 20th century, three cracks formed in Western humanistic view of language. Not until the 1960s, did a return to traditional humanistic view of language in contemporary Western linguistic study emerge. Based on dozens of previous original works of German, French, English and Russian languages, this paper traces the origins of these “new theories” in order to promote the research of the linguistic and intellectual history. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cold War History Studies in the English Academic World in Recent Twenty Years：Retrospect，Critique and Prospects Ya-feng XIA Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences)    2022, 54 (1): 82-94.   DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2022.01.008 Abstract （391）   HTML （28）    PDF （826KB）（911）       Knowledge map    Three correlative traits stand out in the Cold War history studies in the English world in the first 20 years of the 21st Century. First, with the “decentration” in the Cold War studies, the relationship between the Cold War and the Third World becomes a hotspot issue. Second, renewed attention is paid to the Cold War history in Europe, putting Europe in the central place rather than treating it as an object in great-power confrontation. Third, there are still lots of influential works on U.S.-Soviet Cold War History, in particular, on the peaceful end of the Cold War. Although scholars continue to debate on some of the very basic issues regarding the Cold War, Cold War studies will be an eternal field of inquiry. It will be remembered and studied like such historical events as World War I and World War II. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Culture Reproduction and Social Reproduction： An Illustration of Bourdieus Sociology of Education ZHU Guo-Hua Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2015, 47 (5): 173-189.   DOI: １０．１６３８２／ｊ．ｃｎｋｉ．１０００--５５７９．２０１５．０５．０１８ Abstract （468）   HTML （456）    PDF （3410KB）（4703）       Knowledge map    As a theory of symbolic violence， Bourdieus sociology of education is based on the theoretical hypothesis of culture arbitrariness. Its main point is that the secret purpose of culture reproduction is to push social reproduction. Through the concepts of teaching activities， teaching authority， education work and education system as well as their logical connections， we can grasp the internal texture of Bourdieus sociology of education. The nature of education in each stage is related to its location in social space. The education system justifies social divisions by transforming social divisions into academic divisions. The education system monopolizes special capital， mainly the production， distribution and transferring of diplomas， and exerts symbolic violence to the society. The field of power penetrates deeply into the field of education and further threatens educational autonomy. Bourdieus sociology of education and its experimental research arouses heated debates and is worth further considering. Related Articles | Metrics

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Rights and Language: An Inquiry into the Theories and Practices of Indigenous Languages Protection Policies in Australia HONG Li-jian Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2019, 51 (6): 107-119.   DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2019.06.012 Abstract （335）   HTML （14）    PDF （2226KB）（511）       Knowledge map    In the 1980s, based on the concept of multilingual education and multiculturalism, Australia produced its national language policy and became the first among English-speaking countries to have such a policy. Since then, Australia has adopted a series of policies to protect and maintain aboriginal languages. In the 21st century, however, under the pressure of globalization, the Australian administration has strengthened English education both at home and abroad. While continuing supporting their languages, the government also wants Australian aboriginals to improve their English. Due to the policy adjustment, many aboriginals have shifted to the dominant language, i.e., English, and consequently this shift has caused the death of aboriginal languages at a more rapid rate. Despite many differences, there are similarities between Australia and China in terms of language issues in a multiethnic and multilingual country. Both of these two countries have one dominate common language-English in Australia and Putonghua in China; both of them have many dialects and minority languages. The challenges that Australia faces in terms of aboriginal language protection are also problems that China and many nations in the world face. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Impact of Digital Economy on Urban Economic Resilience in the Yangtze River Delta Region Yan HU, Yu-qi CHEN, Yan LI Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences)    2022, 54 (1): 143-154.   DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2022.01.013 Abstract （721）   HTML （46）    PDF （722KB）（536）       Knowledge map    Under the new development pattern, accelerating the development of digital economy and strengthening the resilience of urban economy are important ways to realize the high-quality development of regional economy. Based on the panel data of 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta region from 2011 to 2019, this paper empirically studies the impact and path of digital economy on the economic resilience of cities in the Yangtze River Delta. The results show that: （1） The benchmark test shows that digital economy can significantly improve the economic resilience of cities in the Yangtze River Delta, and has the most significant effect on the improvement of urban economic resistance. （2） Heterogeneity analysis shows that digital economy development has a significant effect on promoting urban economic resilience within the Yangtze Delta metropolitan. （3） The mediating effect test shows that digital economy can influence urban economic resilience by promoting innovation and entrepreneurship and improving social security. （4） The spatial effect test shows that digital economic development has a positive spillover effect on urban economic resilience in the Yangtze River Delta region. Therefore, to make digital economy play a more positive role in enhancing the resilience of urban economy, we shall promote the integrated development of digital economy and real economy, facilitate the joint development of digital economy and social security system, accelerate the introduction of talents in metropolitan areas and strengthen the construction of digital economy in non-metropolitan areas. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Dual Dimensions of Mechanism and Value：Research Progress and Prospects of Population Spatial Equilibrium Chen CHENG, Jin-hong DING, Gao-xiang GU, Yang TIAN Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences)    2023, 55 (6): 93-104.   DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2023.06.009 Abstract （53）   HTML （4）    PDF （832KB）（222）       Knowledge map    To focus on population spatial equilibrium is to simplify the complexity of population equilibrium according to the outstanding problems in China’s population equilibrium development at the present stage. This study mainly includes the following factors: the population spatial equilibrium from the perspective of the market factors of macroeconomics, the equilibrium of social and economic structure, the spatial equilibrium of population and other factors under the influence of the regulation of natural geographic space, and the population spatial equilibrium of the residential system in the process of urbanization. The spatial equilibrium of population in Chinese context is discussed from the value dimension. This paper also discusses the practical exploration of population spatial equilibrium in China from the aspects of main problems, cause analysis, definition and measurement methods of population spatial equilibrium development in China and other regions. The future study of population spatial equilibrium should return to the essence of equilibrium, and make a scientific and academic exploration of this concept with strong application value from the micro-individual migration behavior. New research methods and analytical tools should be introduced to construct scientific evaluation criteria of population spatial equilibrium. A bridge should be built between the two discourse systems of value and mechanism, and a comprehensive concept of population spatial balance should be established that can link these two dimensions. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the Relationship between International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law in Armed Conflicts Guo-qiang LUO, Jin-lan XU Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences)    2023, 55 (5): 65-80.   DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2023.05.008 Abstract （116）   HTML （4）    PDF （854KB）（316）       Knowledge map    According to the Pufendorf’s system of Natural Law Theory, international law is a set of absolute natural obligations to others, and state relations are based on a balance between the free exercise of natural rights and the observance of moral obligations. The trade-off between military necessity and humanitarian considerations on the part of parties and combatants in armed conflicts is one manifestation of this. They are not only bound by international humanitarian law, but also rely on natural law to guide their actions. The relationship between international humanitarian law and international human rights law is an important issue when the legal vacuum comes out. The conflict between Russia and Ukraine further reflects the urgency of this issue. In situations of armed conflicts, to choose the hostilities paradigm or the law enforcement paradigm to apply with priority based on a comprehensive consideration of the various elements of the facts is the key to using the principle of “lex specialis derogat legi generali” to distinguish between international humanitarian law and international human rights law. In most cases, there is no real normative conflict between international humanitarian law and international human rights law, and the two can be applied in parallel. Which can become the lex specialis to be applied preferentially, then needs concrete analyses. In addition, the principle of “lex specialis derogat legi generali” can also provide an operational and objective analysis framework for military commanders who need to make values trade-offs and policy choices in practice. According to the above-mentioned theory, China can put forward reasonable proposals from three aspects, i.e., legal compliance, accountability and improvement of norms, in order to deal with the humanitarian crisis and humanitarian consequences brought about by armed conflicts. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatial Misallocation of Innovation Factors and Efficiency Loss: Model Analysis and China's Evidence DONG Zhi-qing, HU Sheng-ming Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences)    2020, 52 (1): 162-178.   DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.01.016 Abstract （196）   HTML （27）    PDF （3414KB）（276）       Knowledge map    Current study has focused on the loss of total factor productivity caused by the misallocation of production factors, but generally ignores the misallocation of innovation factors such as R&D personnel and R&D capital, and the loss of innovation efficiency due to differences in the factor quality and input structure. This paper introduces the classification of factors into the framework of the spatial misallocation, and selects the provincial panel data to measure the misallocation and the loss of innovation efficiency. The results show that the spatial misallocation of innovation factors is serious and has severely obstructed the innovation efficiency in China. Mitigating the misallocation of innovation factors will promote an average annual increase of 0.7% in innovation efficiency. Furthermore, there exist significant differences in the misallocation and the resulting efficiency losses of various innovation factors. The misallocation of R&D capital leads to greater efficiency losses. Compared with basic research and applied research, the R&D capital of experimental development is more deeply misallocated and has a greater impact on innovation efficiency. Meanwhile, low-and medium-skilled labor is more likely to be misallocated. Therefore, in order to improve the innovation efficiency in China, the government should take regional differences and element types as important considerations for the rational allocation of innovation resources. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Shares Pledge，Financing Constraints and Enterprise Green Technology Innovation Yun ZHANG, Ling-xiao YANG, Zi-ting ZHANG, Zhu-jia YIN Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences)    2022, 54 (5): 175-187.   DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2022.05.016 Abstract （215）   HTML （14）    PDF （905KB）（279）       Knowledge map    Green technology innovation is one of the effective ways to achieve goals for carbon peaking and neutrality. However, the large scale of investment, long return period, and high risk of green technology innovation make it difficult to get high-quality financing for controlling shareholders of enterprises in China. Since controlling shareholders′ shares pledge financing has become a relative convenient and quick financing method, it is necessary to study the direct and indirect effects of controlling shareholders′ shares pledges on enterprises′ investment in green technology innovation, as well as to clarify the role of financing constraints in this regard. By constructing an empirical model, this paper confirms that the share pledge not only inhibits enterprise green technology innovation directly but also exacerbates enterprise financing constraints, which in turn inhibit enterprise green technology innovation investment. It means that the financing constraint plays a mediating role in the impact of controlling shareholders′ shares pledges on green technology innovation. Further heterogeneity analysis reveals that when the chairman and CEO positions are combined, the controlling shareholder′s share pledge has a significant inhibitory effect on corporate green innovation; before the shareholding ratio reaches a certain level, the larger the controlling shareholder′s shareholding ratio is, the greater the inhibiting effect of controlling shareholder′s share pledge on green technology innovation; state-owned enterprises weaken the negative influence of controlling shareholder′s share pledge on corporate green technology innovation through other financing channels. Therefore, to encourage enterprises to carry out green technological innovation in a more effective and targeted manner, the relevant authorities should take measures to improve regulation, enhance the internal governance of enterprises and promote the formation of a consensus on green development among all parties. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Employees' Cultural Value Orientation, Cross-cultural Interaction Capability and Innovation Performance:An Empirical Study Based on Multinational R&D Enterprises in Shanghai Ling-feng YI, Si-ting LIU, Jie SONG, Teng LI Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences)    2021, 53 (1): 155-168.   DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2021.01.018 Abstract （362）   HTML （30）    PDF （2248KB）（173）       Knowledge map    Cultural difference is an important factor affecting the performance of multinational enterprises. Based on a survey of 157 employees of multinational R&D enterprises in Shanghai, this paper empirically analyzes the impact of cultural value orientation differences of employees on individual innovation performance. The result shows that employees' cultural value orientation has a significant impact on their innovation performance. Specifically, low power distance, weak uncertainty avoidance, collectivism, flexible culture and long-term cultural value orientation have positive effects on employees' innovation performance. Furthermore, the layered stepwise regression method is used to examine the moderating effect of the cross-cultural interaction capability of the employees on the relationship between the cultural value orientation of the employees and their innovation performance. It shows that the cross-cultural interaction capability can significantly moderate the relationship of low power distance, weak uncertainty avoidance, collectivism, long-term orientation cultural value orientation and employees' innovation performance in a positive way. The above-mentioned study can theoretically enrich the empirical research on the differences in the cultural value orientation and management of employees in the Chinese cultural context. In practice, it can provide management enlightenment for the internationalization of Chinese R&D enterprises and the development of multinational R&D enterprises under the background of the rapid economic and social development in China and the construction of Shanghai as a global scientific and technological innovation center. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A New Perspective to Observe the “Occurrence of the Cold War”：Before the Publication of Economic Vortex：A New Prospective to Observe the Cold War Zhi-hua SHEN Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences)    2023, 55 (1): 53-60.   DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2023.01.005 Abstract （1264）   HTML （255）    PDF （653KB）（1143）       Knowledge map    The origin and occurrence of the Cold War, especially the role of the Soviet Union, has always been a heated topic in the academic circle. If observing from the new perspective of economy, especially from the notion of economy and economic strategies of the Soviet Union as well as economic relationships between the U.S. and the Soviet Union, we will find a different logic chain, develop a different historical narrative and eventually form a new framework to explain how the relationships between the U.S. and the Soviet Union changed and how the Cold War pattern formed and developed. The mission of historical research is to find out how the Cold War happened, what were the motivations of the U.S. and the Soviet Union and what caused such results. In fact, there were opportunities and possibilities to reverse the trend at each stage, but eventually the U.S. and the Soviet Union sank into the abyss of the Cold War. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Genre，Language，and Style in the Writing of Vernacular General History：A Study of LV Si-mian’s Vernacular History of China Qing SUN Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences)    2021, 53 (6): 12-22.   DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2021.06.002 Abstract （238）   HTML （893）    PDF （972KB）（326）       Knowledge map    “Writing vernacular general history” was an important change in the rise of new history and vernacular language in modern China. It followed two directions: the tradition of telling historical stories started in the Song Dynasty and the new written form created based on the colloquial in the modern period. Completed in 1922, LV Si-mian’s Vernacular History of China made conscious exploration into the genre, language, and style in the writing of vernacular history, which differentiates the work from modern vernacular history that followed the tradition of telling historical stories in the previous two decades. As an “insider” of China’s literature revolution and historical revolution in the 20th century, LV Si-mian consistently worked in the front lines of rebuilding written language and new general history, whereas keeping the two revolutions at arm’s length. Rather than taking an either-or approach to the relationship between the classical and the vernacular and that between paraphrasing and writing, his approach was more holist when he considered the problem of rebuilding national language and national history. He sought a “vernacular language” that is “easy” and unformalized while maintaining its “spiritual” tie to primary sources. To rebuild the new written form of writing of Chinese history, especially general Chinese history, his practice directs to a whole scheme that includes historical excerpt, the genre of new national language, and the new style of quotation. Such exploration was distinctive and far-reaching in a time when the opposition between the Chinese and the West on the one hand and the new and the old on the other gradually came into being. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Kant’s Discussion on “Crooked Timber” and “Straight Wood” Yong-ling BAO Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences)    2022, 54 (1): 60-68.   DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2022.01.006 Abstract （357）   HTML （23）    PDF （845KB）（470）       Knowledge map    In “The Universal Concept of History from the Perspective of World Citizens”, Kant puts forward the famous “crooked timber” puzzle, believing that the paradox reflected in it is the most difficult problem and the final problem that can be solved by mankind. Accordingly, Kant systematically interprets the complex interactive relationship between individual freedom and social legal order by using the core metaphors of “crooked timber” and “straight wood in the forest”, which seem to be contradictory. The metaphor of “crooked timber” can also be regarded as a variation of Plato’s “cave metaphor” describing human perceptual defects. It implies that man, above all, is an existence in the order of nature, which is an empirical issue concerning “what it is in reality”, that is, “what human beings are in practice”, whereas “straight wood” demonstrates a value pursuit of “what it should be”, that is “what human beings should be like”. It shows that individuals’ potential to develop independent personality in social community and hence highlights human beings’ individuality, awareness of being independent, human dignity and value. The metaphors of “crooked timber” and “straight wood” together with other subordinate metaphors help to approach Kant’s unique anthropological concept and play an important role in Kant’s reflection and reconstruction of the concept of “nature”. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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“Annotations” of Notes：Annotations and Related Issues of Annotated Versions of Shiji in the Past Dynasties Ke-he ZANG Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences)    2021, 53 (5): 146-158.   DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2021.05.010 Abstract （516）   HTML （25）    PDF （3058KB）（281）       Knowledge map    Annotations have always been a key issue in processing a Chinese historical corpus. There are various and complicated types of annotations shown in Chinese texts in the past dynasties, which has to do with the classical Chinese academic tradition and its forms. The annotation types of different times are an organic part of the rich materials of Chinese language history, as well as a basic subject to be examined and analyzed in the typology of a Chinese language historical corpus. The formalized marks of the basic content of different types of notes are called “annotations”. The contents of the annotations and the terms used for “annotation” in the past dynasties shared a roughly agreed form of “regulating the past by the present”. The form of these annotations constitutes an important category with a unified standard when processing annotations in a corpus of Chinese character history today. Shiji （The Historical Records） is a model sample of a Chinese language historical corpus, and the notes in its various versions in the past dynasties show the interpretation and understanding of important scholars in different periods. By examining and comparing the age of the usage of some certain characters and terms and the intermediary relations among them as well as the phonetic differentiation in Chinese language history, we can restore their internal relations, reveal the latent clues, and identify the annotations that truly match the attributes of the corresponding era. This kind of annotation processing is of chronological significance and has the reference value for judging the approximate age of an inherited text. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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In Pursuit of Chinese Road to Modernization and Human Civilization in a New Form：China’s Exploration since Modern Times Wei-ping CHEN Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences)    2022, 54 (6): 17-23.   DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2022.06.003 Abstract （728）   HTML （33）    PDF （686KB）（480）       Knowledge map    Taking “the creation of human civilization in a new form” as “the essential requirement of Chinese modernization” in the report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC, President XI Jin-ping reveals their intrinsic link. This is the achievement of historical accumulation of exploring China’s road to modernization and human civilization in a new form since modern times. The historical logic of this exploration since modern times in China is clear. From Westernizationists to reformists and then to Revolutionaries, it shows the starting point and twists of the exploration of modernization and civilization in a new form. In other words, Chinese people began to turn to socialism in order to make China catch up with other nations in the process of learning the modernization of Western capitalism. After the May 4th Movement, CHEN Du-xiu, LI Da-zhao and MAO Ze-dong all stated that China had to realize modernization and build civilization in a new form in the framework of socialism. It was in the first leap of the sinicization of Marxism that the exploration of Chinese modernization and human civilization in a new form has been closely and substantially related to the leadership of the CPC, its historical mission, the prospect of socialism and its firm stance of the masses of people. After the foundation of PRC, the exploration of socialist modernization and civilization in a new form experienced turns and twists and eventually generated a new leap of the sinicization of Marxism in the “second combination of Marxism and China’s condition” during the two periods divided by reform and opening-up. It has integrated Chinese modernization, socialism with Chinese characteristics and human civilization in a new form into a whole. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics