华东师范大学(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2012, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (1): 32-38.

• 当代史研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

身份、仪式与政治:1956年后中共对资本家的思想改造

冯筱才   

  1. 华东师范大学历史系, 上海, 200241
  • 出版日期:2012-01-15 发布日期:2012-03-27
  • 通讯作者: 冯筱才
  • 作者简介:冯筱才

The Status, Ritual and Politics: The CCP’s Ideological Remolding of Capitalists after 1956

FENG Xiao-Cai   

  • Online:2012-01-15 Published:2012-03-27
  • Contact: FENG Xiao-Cai
  • About author: FENG Xiao-Cai

摘要: 1956年,全行业公私合营在全国实现,但这并不意味着对私营工商业者的“社会主义改造”已完成,他们继续戴着“资本家”的帽子,被迫接受持续的思想改造。在这个改造过程中,资本家身份成为一种政治运用的工具,通过身份定义与再定义,那些被改造对象陷于不安全的状态,改造也有了持续的合法性。为完成改造任务,工商界人士被卷入频繁的政治学习运动中,但学习多表现为一种仪式化过程,政治表态比内心认同更受当局重视,强制合法性认同也藉以建立。这种实用主义色彩的政治文化,不但反映出政策的内在矛盾,亦与后来时势的动荡变化紧密相联。

关键词: 思想改造, 社会主义, 身份, 仪式, 政治文化

Abstract: In 1956 the wholetrade joint stateprivate management was realized in China. However, it did not mean that the “socialist transformation” of private industrialists and businessmen finished. They were still labeled as “capitalists”, who had been forced to accept continued ideological remolding. During this process the status of “capitalist” was taken as one kind of political tool by the authorities. By defining the identity again and again, the transformation objects were in unsafe condition. In order to complete the transformation task, the businessmen were involved in frequent activities of political learning. But, learning was always performed as on kind of ritual process, in which political confession was more important than inner identity for the government and the coerced legitimate identity was established. This pragmatic political culture not only reflected an internal contradiction of different kinds of policies, but also was closely related to the later constant political instability.