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Volumn Content

    Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 2012 Vol.44
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    A Consideration of Perfecting the New type Rural Social Endowment Insurance in China
    GUI Shi-Xun
    Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2012, 44 (1): 1-4.  
    Abstract1906)   HTML5)    PDF(pc) (1615KB)(1581)       Save
    There have been great achievements since our nation’s newtype rural social endowment insurance began to launch its pilot project in 2009, but it still needs improving in certain respects. For instance, for those who have selected higher payment standards, they might be properly more encouraged to get a return according to a certain percentage of the local minimum payment subsidy instead of the current prescribed fixed amount. Some other suggestions are also put forward so as to improve the system of social endowment insurance in rural areas.
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    A Cost Benefit Analysis of Investment and Operation of Pension Market 
    ——A Positive Analysis Based on Australian Superannuation
    LU Jin-Fei
    Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2012, 44 (1): 5-12.  
    Abstract1598)   HTML4)    PDF(pc) (1540KB)(1655)       Save
    This article selects Australia, having a most advanced pension market, as its research target, and tries to draw an empirical conclusion about pension market’s investment and return rate. There are obvious economies of scale in the pension investment market. The larger scale of pension fund is, the less management cost. There are many microfactors like portfolio proportion, management cost, return rate, risks and return/cost ratio, to measure the market players’ operational efficiency. This article also summarizes some implications valuable for Chinese pension market. According to its pension fund scale, the cost of 1.6% for pension fund management in China is lower than it should be, and 1.74% could be a good reference for Chinese market. The benchmark of return/cost ratio could be 3.32. All these conclusions are valuable for China’s pension market, especially for its corporate annuity market.
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    A Review of Hong Kong Social Welfare for the Elderly in the Context of Mixed ChineseWestern Culture
    GUO Yu
    Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2012, 44 (1): 13-18.  
    Abstract1479)   HTML5)    PDF(pc) (1541KB)(2094)       Save
    As an economically free haven, where east meets west, Hong Kong is aging fast. Since recent years, especially the post colonial period, Hong Kong has developed a special welfare system for the elderly. This paper introduces oldage security and elderly services in Hong Kong in detail. Nowadays the elderly welfare system in Hong Kong is closely related to its economic, political, social and cultural context. Faced with challenges, it is foreseeable that elderly welfare reforms should correspond to present situations and public opinions in Hong Kong as well. As a conclusion, it argues that the oldage security and elderly welfare system which is provided by the HKSAR government, is meaningful to mainland China in the sense that the mainland is developing and aging rapidly.
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    Improving the Social Support System for Family Caregivers of the Disabled Old in Shanghai
    LIU Jie, LOU Wei-Qun
    Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2012, 44 (1): 19-25.  
    Abstract1641)   HTML4)    PDF(pc) (1537KB)(2051)       Save
    Home care by family caregivers to the disabled elderly in China is still a main form of cares at this stage and remains to be for a long time. Current researches focus on the elderly’s own care needs, but are not enough on family caregivers’ problems and needs. According to a sampling survey in Shanghai in 2010, most of Shanghai's family caregivers for the disabled elderly are women. They are mainly middleaged retirees, their economic conditions are moderate, and they have a longer care time and stronger sense of responsibility. Family caregivers bear a certain degree of physical, psychological and economic pressures during their care giving. In the face of the pressures from all sides, those who actively take selfextracting or get family supports, need urgent supports from government and social communities. Therefore, this essay suggests setting up a sound social health security system, reinforcing communitybased home care services, enhancing care knowledge and skills training, organizing caregiver support groups, and establishing various social support systems.
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    A Study on the Construction and Development of a Moderate Universal favored Social Welfare System in China
    DAI Jian-Bing, CAO Yan-Chun
    Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2012, 44 (1): 26-31.  
    Abstract1649)   HTML3)    PDF(pc) (1536KB)(1608)       Save
    This paper analyzes the definition of a moderate universalfavored social welfare system, and suggests that it is a social welfare process which can be realized in the stage from a welloff society to the mid 21st century society. The universal here means to establish a welfare system that all citizens can enjoy and moderate refers to the construction of China's social welfare which can be divided into several stages. It shows that according to China's total population and changes in economic and social development and estimation of the level of economic development, the process can be divided into three stages by 2020, 2030 and 2050 as time nodes, and ultimately a moderate universal social welfare system is built up. This is in consistency with the level of economic development, national pride, social democracy, material and technical conditions.
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    The Status, Ritual and Politics: The CCP’s Ideological Remolding of Capitalists after 1956
    FENG Xiao-Cai
    Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2012, 44 (1): 32-38.  
    Abstract2103)   HTML7)    PDF(pc) (1540KB)(2224)       Save
    In 1956 the wholetrade joint stateprivate management was realized in China. However, it did not mean that the “socialist transformation” of private industrialists and businessmen finished. They were still labeled as “capitalists”, who had been forced to accept continued ideological remolding. During this process the status of “capitalist” was taken as one kind of political tool by the authorities. By defining the identity again and again, the transformation objects were in unsafe condition. In order to complete the transformation task, the businessmen were involved in frequent activities of political learning. But, learning was always performed as on kind of ritual process, in which political confession was more important than inner identity for the government and the coerced legitimate identity was established. This pragmatic political culture not only reflected an internal contradiction of different kinds of policies, but also was closely related to the later constant political instability.
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    Cartoon and Politics: Cartoons during the Campaign of Resisting the United States and Aiding North Korea 
    ——A Focus on the People’s Daily
    HOU Song-Tao
    Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2012, 44 (1): 39-45.  
    Abstract1846)   HTML4)    PDF(pc) (1540KB)(1824)       Save
    In Chinese modern times the national salvation and revolution were two epochal themes. As an artistic form, cartoon was closely related to varied revolutionary trends in politics. Cartoon presented diversified features between “artistic character” and “political character” all the time before the founding of PRC. The cartoon movement in the Resisting U.S and Aiding North Korea Campaign experienced a kind of artistic “popularization” and further politicalization. During the process of educating populace, the cartoon began to drift apart from its “artistic character” and turn to be a sort of ideological propaganda and educational tool which reflected its “political character” mainly. Thus a polarized mode of thinking, “not us then enemy” or “not enemy then us”, was constructed. This sort of extremely revolutionary mode of thinking had farreaching influence on the populace.
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    “The Great Criticisms” of Films: Launching and Operations
    QI Zhi
    Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2012, 44 (1): 46-52.  
    Abstract1223)   HTML4)    PDF(pc) (1534KB)(1955)       Save
    The campaign to criticize films was a most important area in “the great criticisms”. It was conducted by forces both from above and below. The one from above consisted of radicals led by Jiang Qing and “writing groups” affiliated with various work units. The one from below was made up of rebel mass organizations whose core members were some intellectual people. The first writing group appeared in Shanghai. After the Cultural Revolution began, writing groups mushroomed across the country. This was how a campaign to criticize a film worked: first, some people at the top would decide what topics to write; second, key articles were written by a designated writing group; third, accompanying articles were produced by the media. Close cooperation between media and writing group was therefore necessary. By the means of publishing newspapers and books, rebel organizations were often quite “imaginative” in their ways of criticizing movies. In contrast to rebel organizations’ often “blown up” approaches, those writing groups paid attention to data and evidence. What they did was to reshape facts and reinterpret a given historical event in accordance with radicals’ points of view.
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    The Initiation of Shen Daily: Who Was the Writer of the Essay “A Discourse on the Earth”?
    WU Guo-Yi
    Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2012, 44 (1): 53-60.  
    Abstract1417)   HTML4)    PDF(pc) (1531KB)(1344)       Save
    The essay of “A Discourse on the Earth”, published in the first month issue of the Shen Daily in 1872, was called the first scientific enlightenment of populace, “a kind of astronomical and geographical knowledge which could be read in a newspaper”. However, the question of “who on earth was the writer” remains a centenary mystery. According to some data in the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty, the real writer should be Gao Yunlin, an educated young man in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, instead of Jiang Qizhang, a chief writer at the Shen Daily.
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    MA Junwu’s Interpretation of Rousseau’s Thought
     ——A Focus on MA’s Translation of Du Contrat Social
    WANG Yao
    Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2012, 44 (1): 61-68.  
    Abstract1312)   HTML7)    PDF(pc) (1546KB)(1770)       Save
    The purpose of this paper is to make a comparison between the original French version of The Social Contract and MA Junwu’s translation book of Zuben Lusao Minyuelun, and then to analyze MA’s interpretation of The Social Contract. The questions focus on the points as follows: Did MA Junwu properly translate any core idea of Rousseau’s book? What were the differences between Rousseau’s thought and MA’s thought? Without doubt, there were some natural barriers between Rousseau and MA Junwu, which were related to their different religious beliefs and moral values.
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    A Study on SinoAustralian Cooperation about Natural Gas
    HOU Min-Yue
    Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2012, 44 (1): 69-75.  
    Abstract1164)   HTML3)    PDF(pc) (1682KB)(1540)       Save
    The arrival of the first shipment of Australian LNG in May 2006 at Dapeng LNG Co. Ltd., in Guangdong heralded the commencement of China’s imports of natural gas on a considerable scale. Providing 60% of China’s total LNG imports over the past few years, Australia will remain a major LNG supplier to China in the years to come, strongly indicating its continuous positive role in improving China’s primary energy consumption structure, energy security and quality of environment. While increasingly yielding tremendous economic and social benefits, ChinaAustralia gas collaboration is also facing some issues to be dealt with properly.
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    “Resolution” and “Enhancement”: An Analysis of the PostMarxist Dynamic View of Social Development
    ZHENG Yi-Shi
    Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2012, 44 (1): 76-82.  
    Abstract1339)   HTML4)    PDF(pc) (1540KB)(1647)       Save
    PostMarxism dissolves Marx's theory of driving forces of social development through identifying the “fracture” between modernity and post modernity, deconstructing texts, advocating pluralism instead of monism, and affirming historical contingency instead of historical necessity. However, it provides a new perspective of driving forces of social development and approves of this theory in its distinguishing “centralism” and “center” and analyzing the late capitalism and culture through using Marx's theory of productive mode and historicism.
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    Thomas Reid’s Criticisms of Doctrines of Ideas
    WEN Yu-Lin
    Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2012, 44 (1): 83-89.  
    Abstract1627)   HTML8)    PDF(pc) (1531KB)(1849)       Save
    Although Scottish philosopher Thomas Reid had considerable influence on philosophy in history, he was ignored by official history of philosophy. But the end of twentieth century witnessed a revival of interest in his philosophy. Thomas Reid argued that the theory of idea was an underlying assumption of modern philosophy. Various doctrines of ideas led philosophy to skepticism. To defend common sense, Reid examined the theory of idea carefully and criticized it incisively. Contemporary philosophy confirms Reid’s philosophical farsight in his famous critique of the theory of idea.
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    A Study on the Basic Structure of Confucius together with Daoists in the Appendices to the Book of Changes
    FU Hui-Sheng
    Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2012, 44 (1): 90-104.  
    Abstract1155)   HTML4)    PDF(pc) (1534KB)(1782)       Save
    Modern and contemporary studies of the Appendices to the Book of Changes (Yi Zhuan) often focused on different schools of thought implied in it. Some insisted that Appendices should be written by Confucius, some held that it was written by Daoist scholars, and some by scholars of the YinYang School. The textual analysis of Appendices may bring us a new and rational substantial understanding of Appendices. In it, those different expositions of what the Book of Changes  was and how it reflected the world mainly reflected understandings of different schools in the phase of “hundred school contention” of the whole Warring States Period, a unique traditional cultural phenomenon. The Book of Changes, based on the early Western Zhou ruling thought and culture, gradually became our nation’s rational philosophical writing instead of a mysterious divination book after Confucius’ and Daoists’ rational studies. And meanwhile, the Appendices to the Book of Changes also became a truly philosophical writing with profound ancient Chinese culture, and its basic structure of Confucius together with Daoists and scholars of changes was formed. Such an understanding may have a certain academic referential value in evaluating Confucius’ thought and historical position and reexamining ancient Chinese histories of philosophy, changeology and Confucianism.
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    How to Unite Universal Love with Particular Love
     ——A Focus on SongMing NeoConfucianist Theory of Humanity and Righteousness
    CHEN Qiao-Jian
    Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2012, 44 (1): 105-110.  
    Abstract1402)   HTML7)    PDF(pc) (1536KB)(1432)       Save
    Both Confucius and Mencius initiated an ethical theory of humanity (ren) and righteousness (yi). The nature of humanity was aiming at a kind of universal love, and the implication of righteousness was aiming at humanity and also a regulation of humanity. The principle of righteousness found expression in the graded particular love embraced in universal love. NeoConfucianism succeeded and developed original Confucianism’s theory of humanity and righteousness, and especially provided a set of ontological proof through its theory of “all things as one” and “one as multiplicity”. The opposition and unity of humanity and righteousness reflects the opposition and unity of Confucian ethical universality and particularity. This also conforms to the real life world.
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    New Ethical Dimensions in Thoughts of the Qianjia School
    WU Xiao-Fan
    Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2012, 44 (1): 111-117.  
    Abstract1349)   HTML3)    PDF(pc) (1538KB)(1493)       Save
    In the perspective of moral philosophy, traditional ethics, especially NeoConfucian, was criticized and expanded by the Qianjia School from four aspects. Firstly, instead of basing virtues on an ontological foundation of principle, the Qianjia School argued that the source of morality was rooted in the rite. Then the Qianjia School protested a naturalistic view of human nature opposing to the NeoConfucian transcendental humanity. Thirdly, morality was evaluated by behaviors and affections not as to motivations. In the end, the ideal moral personality was not still a sage but an ordinary person who abided rites. The point view of the Qianjia School ethics is indispensable to explain the occurrence of Chinese modernity.
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    A Rectification of Some Punctuative Errors in the Article “Records of the Renshu Building” Appended in the Book of An Examination of FANG Yi-zhi’s Integrity in His Later Years
    ZHANG Yong-Yi
    Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2012, 44 (1): 118-122.  
    Abstract1375)   HTML3)    PDF(pc) (1612KB)(1344)       Save
    The short article titled “Records of the Renshu Building”, which is compiled in the third volume of Qing Yuan Zhi Lue, is very important to understand the thought of oldage FANG Yizhi. Professor YU Yingshi has punctuated this article in his book of An Examination of FANG Yizhi’s Integrity in His Later Years (FANG Yizhi Wanjie Kao),but those punctuation marks still have some errors. In addition, some historical data have proved that FANG Yizhi was a teacher and a good friend of ZUO Cangyi, who was just another interlocutor of “Records in the Renshu Building”
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    The “Mokcha” in Upanishads and “Nirvana” in Buddhism
    YAO Wei-Qun
    Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2012, 44 (1): 123-127.  
    Abstract1452)   HTML4)    PDF(pc) (1623KB)(2625)       Save
    Many concepts in the ancient Indian holy writing Upanishads have important influences on later Indian religious and philosophical sects. The formation of Buddhist concept of “nirvana” was based on its absorption, reference and transformation from the concept of “mokcha” (release) in Upanishads. The concept of “mokcha” took the theory of self as its basis, while the concept of “nirvana” took the theory of dependent origination and theory of nonself as its basis. The concept of “mokcha” was a key content in the mainstream thought of Brahmanism, while the concept of “nirvana” was also a central element in its religious doctrine. They both were ancient Indian religious and philosophical theories with their own characteristics, and had their important positions in the development of Indian culture.
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    Devadatta: Demon or Bodhisattva? 
    ——Some Misjudgments and Clarifications in Reading Classics
    XIA Jin-Hua
    Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2012, 44 (1): 128-134.  
    Abstract1864)   HTML5)    PDF(pc) (1543KB)(2261)       Save
    Devadatta has been taken as a demon to murder Shakyamuni Buddha for a long time, and the academic circles have generally approved of this view. In fact, the matter was not so simple. The academic circles at home and abroad have not brought to light the event of Devadatta as yet, because they have only confined to Pali Theravada canons and authority of Vinayapitaka. This paper has a discussion on three respects: records of Mahayana sutras and their relations with Agama sutra and Vinayapitaka, doubtful points of “five hellish sins”, and “five improper ways of gain” advocated by Devadatta. It shows that Devadatta was a most controversial mystical figure in the Indian Buddhist history. He wasn’t a demon, but a great Bodhisattva to be imbued with a sacrifice spirit.
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    A Study on the Origin of the Lotus Throne of Buddhist Sculptures in Wuchang Lianxi Temple in the Fifth Year of the Eastern Wu Yong’an Period
    ZHANG Tong-Biao
    Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2012, 44 (1): 135-143.  
    Abstract1339)   HTML2)    PDF(pc) (1605KB)(1675)       Save
    In Buddhist sculptures produced in the Han Dynasty and Western Jin Dynasty at the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the Buddhist lotusthrone was one of the most obvious characters. It was absolutely different from those Buddhist sculptures’ in the area of Sichuan area, upper reaches of the Yangtze River during the same period. The Buddha sculpture made at Wuchang Lianxi Temple in A.D.262 (the fifth year of the Eastern Wu Yong’an period), was standing on a lotusthrone. It was most likely to be the first lotusthrone found in Chinese Buddhist sculptures, and also an embryonic form of the image of the Great Miracle at Shravasti in ancient India. The lotusthrone was firstly shown in some images of GajaLakshmi and Brahma in India, and nothing to do with Buddhism. Therefore, the isolated lotus image found in the Han and Jin dynasties was nothing to do with Buddhism, and it could not be taken as evidence for the spread of early Buddhism in China.
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    Permanent Metaphor——A Study on Pound’s Translation of Metaphors in the Perspective of the Conceptual Metaphor Theory
    ZHANG Xi
    Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2012, 44 (1): 144-149.  
    Abstract1849)   HTML2)    PDF(pc) (1545KB)(1934)       Save
    According to the conceptual metaphor theory, the conceptual system depended by human beings to think and act has a metaphorical nature, and human beings’ thinking process is just using a concept to understand or express another concept. Ezra Pound was a leader in the Imagist Movement and prolific translator. He advanced a concept of permanent metaphor, which reflected a correlation of metaphor and thinking pattern. The conceptual metaphor theory shows that a success of metaphor translation is determined by its readers’ thinking capacity, and a translation version is a combination of the translator’s and the reader’s thinking capacity. Pound was unique in his translation method, which is known as a creative translation. However, he mostly revived the thinking process involved in metaphors. This paper is to analyze Pound's permanent metaphor based on the conceptual metaphor theory and to explore a new perspective in metaphor translation. 
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    A Survey of the History of Social Culture: A Reconsideration of Studies on 1950’s Shanghai
    ZHANG Ji-Shun
    Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2012, 44 (2): 1-7.  
    Abstract1819)   HTML13)    PDF(pc) (1867KB)(2120)       Save
    In a perspective of sociocultural history it is necessary to overcome an inclination of “fragmentization” and avoid some mistaken “authoritarian” ideas in studies on the 1950’s Shanghai, thus making certain achievements in transformations of knowledge and methodology. There should be a series of fresh issues about Shanghai in the 1950’s under the thesis of “new Shanghai in modern China’. It may be an effective way for exploring social culture in the 1950’s Shanghai to discover and restudy those grey memory materials hiding in social grassroots.
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    The Mingdynasty Jiangnan Intellectuals’ Collection and Appreciation of Cultural Relics and Their Aesthetic Tastes
    CHEN Jiang
    Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2012, 44 (2): 8-15.  
    Abstract1592)   HTML9)    PDF(pc) (1781KB)(2109)       Save
    In the late Ming Dynasty, Jiangnan intellectuals were keen on collection and appreciation of ancient books, calligraphy, paintings, jades, bronzes, porcelains and other types of cultural relics. They focused on art characteristics and cultural connotations of antiques, advocating simple, elegant, natural, implicit aesthetic tastes. Together with friends they enjoyed their collection and wrote poems or comments, which became their important part of spiritual life. Faced with an increasingly difficult living environment, Jiangnan intellectuals hid themselves in their studies and relics, trying to avoid earthly trouble and political risk. They wanted to use the joy of spiritual life to ease the pain of real life. However, they did not stay away from reality. They paid special attention to distinguish between elegance and vulgarity in order to exclude powerful officials and wealthy businessmen, and at the same time intellectuals’ selfconsciousness was also unceasingly aroused. Therefore, they retained some selfesteem and selfconfidence, and upheld the intellectual class moral principles, not completely subservient to pressures of power and money.
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    The Significance of Sea Power Practice in the Time of Zheng Chenggong to Contemporary China
    NI Le-Xiong
    Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2012, 44 (2): 16-22.  
    Abstract1626)   HTML9)    PDF(pc) (1788KB)(2136)       Save
    The Zheng Chenggong group's powerful naval force, which was based on trade and military affairs, has important implications on contemporary China’s national defense reconstruction. If a society's economy is based on overseas trade, it must use navy to maintain its survival. The naval construction is necessary to maintain social existence and development, just as in the inland farming community, a strong army is necessary. The navy construction is an indispensable cost investment. Of course, today a maritime nation's military purpose is simply to maintain a fair and rational international trade order and safeguard its own legitimate commercial and trading interests.
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    A Study on Organizational Differences of the 17th century Chinese and Dutch Overseas Trade Groups
    ZHAO Ya-Dan
    Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2012, 44 (2): 23-29.  
    Abstract1513)   HTML9)    PDF(pc) (1793KB)(2255)       Save
    In the 17th century, Dutch established the East India Company engaging in overseas trade in Asia, and the Zhengs overseas trade group could develop itself to be a leading private trader over the seas. Although they both were in pursuit of profits, their group organizational models had many differences because of their different formations and decisionmaking mechanisms. The East India Company was a largescale, state supported and jointstock company. The Zhengs overseas trade group was not a traditional overseas trader alliance which was loosely constructed and based on blood and geographical relations. It was a businessmilitary complex, which mixed a military organization with blood and geographical relations, and was a centralized administrative department of overseas trade with a function of customs.
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    A Modernity Program beyond Left and Right——Zhang Junmai’s Way to Build up a Nation
    GAO Li-Ke
    Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2012, 44 (2): 30-38.  
    Abstract1605)   HTML10)    PDF(pc) (1783KB)(1744)       Save
    Zhang Junmai’s writing of Way to Build up a Nation was a reflection on epochal changes and China’s issues. Combining the world with China’s course of modernization and presenting his argument of a balance between “liberty” and “power”, he made his comprehensive responses to some important issues such as nationalism v. class politics, democratic politics v. authoritarian politics, socialism v. capitalism, and Chinese culture v. Western culture, putting forward a program of building up modern China which went beyond left and right wings. It might be regarded as a book of great thoughts in a great age.
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    Risk Society and Ecological Enlightenment
    PAN Bin
    Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2012, 44 (2): 39-43.  
    Abstract1462)   HTML10)    PDF(pc) (1798KB)(1619)       Save
    In essence the risk is a category of modernity, and the risk society is an institutional effect and negative result of reflexive movement in modernity. The reflection on enlightenment and reconstruction of reason is a possible way to overcome the predicament of modernity. The ecological enlightenment, which is regarded as an intellectual revolution and political and social practice, is essentially a second enlightenment and rationalization. It is proposed to absorb ecological rationality into enlightenment rationality, maintain ecological justice and carry out ecological governance. The ecological enlightenment will go beyond the binary dilemma between man and nature by reconstructing a distribute mechanism and ethics in risk society, thus promoting transformations from industrial civilization to ecological civilization.
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    A Reconsideration of the Consumed Leisure
    ——A Reflection on Baudrillard’s Critique of Leisure
    PAN Hai-Ying
    Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2012, 44 (2): 44-49.  
    Abstract1335)   HTML9)    PDF(pc) (1787KB)(1713)       Save
    Baudrillard’s leisure critique is based on the system of matter and consuming society. The substance of his critique focuses on leisure alienation. In consuming society, leisure is totally restrained and controlled, while the leisure people’s mentality is reconstructed. They are deprived of their subjectivity. His theory should be questioned. Are labor and leisure one and the same? Can leisure be authentic? And leisure people are manipulated or antimanipulation? It is just alienation in work that makes man separated from his development and makes work separated from man’s free creation. Leisure and work are contradictory and united. Therefore, leisure should be broken with alienation in work. It should be regressed to and merged together with daily life. In ideal society, leisure will be united with work on the dimension of freedom. The conclusion is: on the one hand leisure is in danger of being consumed because in consumerist society the possibility of leisure dissimilation is fortified; on the other hand leisure is just an alien force of consuming society and a weapon to change people’s alienation fate. The people can realize their antialienation by leisure activities.
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    Pocock’s Republican Interpretation of Machiavelli’s Language of Virtue
    WANG Yin-Li
    Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2012, 44 (2): 50-56.  
    Abstract2105)   HTML180)    PDF(pc) (1794KB)(2774)       Save
    Pocock defined the history of political thought as the history of political discourse. This implies that a political writer’s speech itself is verbalizing a political act, and the writer’s discussions or interactions with his contemporaries at times result in a change of language paradigm. In his writing, The Machiavellian Moment, Pocock claimed that Machiavelli brought a language paradigmatic revolution for civil republicanism through his exploring Machiavelli’s virtuefortune language. This article provides a detailed account of Pocock’s exposition of Machiavelli’s concept of virtue, including universalization of civil virtue, politicization of virtue, and militarization of virtue.
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    Knowledge Evolution and Engineer Governance
    ——A Study on Thorstein Veblen’s Theory of Science and Technology
    LIU Yong-Mou
    Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2012, 44 (2): 57-63.  
    Abstract1599)   HTML9)    PDF(pc) (1784KB)(1747)       Save
    Science and technology are important issues of Thorstein Veblen’s research. Introducing evolutionism and psychology into his research of science and technology, he put forward his determinism of science and technology, evolutionism of science and technology, and technocracy. As a point of junction in the development of technocracy, Veblen’s theory of science and technology contributed to the American theory of science and technology in the humanist tradition, which has been ignored for a long time. It has some inspirations for a study on philosophy of science and technology in China.
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    Democratic Politics and Passion
     ——On Chantal Mouffe’s Critique of Deliberative Democracy
    ZHENG Qi
    Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2012, 44 (2): 64-68.  
    Abstract2269)   HTML40)    PDF(pc) (1784KB)(2590)       Save
    There has been a huge amount of interest in the theory of deliberative democracy in China in recent years. Scholars generally hold an optimistic attitude towards it. Nevertheless, before determining whether a theory is beneficial, it is needed to decide whether the theory is reasonable in itself. The introduction of Chantal Mouffe’s democratic model of agonistic pluralism may be helpful to reflect challenges or problems that the theory of deliberative democracy faces. On the basis of Carl Schmitt’s political theory, Mouffe criticizes deliberative democracy that is proposed by Rawls and other liberals. Different from deliberative democracy, Mouffe argues for the antagonistic nature of democratic politics and the importance of passion in cultivating citizens.
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    The Dilemma of Chinese Officials’ Governance and Its Solutions
    1、Zhang-Xuan , 2、Zhang-Guo-Yu
    Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2012, 44 (2): 69-75.  
    Abstract1495)   HTML9)    PDF(pc) (1790KB)(1882)       Save
    The dilemma of Chinese government officials’ governance can be summed up as: on the one hand government officials’ group conducts are out of control; on the other hand the modernization process dominated by government has to rely on the government official group’s advancement. The dilemma results from government officials’ lack of a desire and ability of selfdiscipline and inadequate social supervision. As a result, the solutions lie in setting up an institutionalized interest negotiation mechanism and interest balance mechanism based on enhancing social public’s right to know and right of expression, and making full use of supervision by public opinion as a main carrier and important guarantee of public exercising their rights to know and of expression.
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    An Analysis of Procedures for Collecting Information of Serious Prejudice in the WTO Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures
    WANG Yong-Jie
    Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2012, 44 (2): 76-81.  
    Abstract1613)   HTML8)    PDF(pc) (1793KB)(1968)       Save
    The Annex V to WTO Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures provides procedures for developing information concerning serious prejudice. The Annex V procedure is requested by the complaining member, initiated by DSB and facilitated by the designated representative. The designated representative needs to adopt procedure steps and additional procedures for a protection of business or strictly confidential information, make his questionnaire, and submit his report to the Panel. His job is done in the context of the parties’ consultations. The information gathered under the Annex V procedure is properly relied on in support of serious prejudice claims against certain alleged subsidies. The Panel will determine whether the same information can be also used in the context of the prohibited subsidies claims concerning the same alleged subsidies.
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    The “Development” of Civil Society in the 1990s Bangladesh’s Rural Area and the State Domination
    ZHANG Wen-Ming
    Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2012, 44 (2): 82-87.  
    Abstract1395)   HTML8)    PDF(pc) (1867KB)(1600)       Save
    As Asian latedeveloping countries have started entering an era of development and growth, how to define “rural civil society” is becoming a wide concerned discussion topic. Especially in the 1990s, there emerged a lot of wellknown nongovernmental organizations, growing so rapid in Bangladesh. This paper makes a study on the possibility of civil society in latedeveloping agricultureoriented countries through an analysis of backgrounds and specific roles of NGO as well as their relations with state domination. This paper argues that a real civil society can not be formed in Bangladesh at present, though there have been some organizations of civil society. This is because it is short of “interest appeals” to capital controls in the context of industrialization and lacks the public character of “interest appeal” either. The development of such a civil society can only focus on the specific level of “capital distribution”.
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    The Legal Evolution, Practical Dilemma and Path Selection of China’s Democratic Autonomy in Rural Areas
    XIE Wei
    Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2012, 44 (2): 88-94.  
    Abstract1706)   HTML8)    PDF(pc) (1790KB)(2139)       Save
    In the developmental course of our country’s rural grassroots democracy, the villagers’ autonomy has experienced a change from “Great Democracy” to institutional democracy, and the Organic Law of Villagers Committees of the People's Republic of China has played an important role. The law which has undergone major revisions has enlarged the participation scale of rural grassroots democratic autonomy, and has further normalized procedures of democratic election, consultation, management and supervision. While the construction of democracy is a longterm and systematic course, there are still some practical dilemmas such as deficiency of participative inner forces and conflict between autonomic right and administrative power. It is necessary to form a resultant force of path selection in respects of subject orientation, macro policy, democratic procedure and institutional guarantee so as to ensure the construction of rural grassroots democracy to develop with a steady pace.
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    The New International Division of Labor, Competitiveness of Manufacturing Industry and Development of China’s Producer Services
    TANG Hai-Yan
    Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2012, 44 (2): 95-101.  
    Abstract1841)   HTML8)    PDF(pc) (1787KB)(2397)       Save
    The theoretical developments of manufacturing industry and producer services have provided a useful analytical framework for the interaction and integration of these two industries under the condition of new international division of labor. After a certain development phase of manufacturing industry, professional requirements of manufacturing industry to producer services will definitely increase. At the same time, the development of producer services also promotes upgrades of manufacturing industry. However, the chain that China’s producer services promote upgrading of manufacturing industry is very weak. This paper argues that it is the system bottleneck which leads to a weak chain effect. The key measure is to promote a “marriage effect” between state owned producerservice firms and state owned manufacturing enterprises. The cooperation can also avoid a “hollow out effect”, which is very popular in the postindustrialization era. The business innovation, mode innovation and product innovation based on the interaction and integration of producer services and manufacturing industry are fundamental methods to quicken up a development of China’s producerservice industry.
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    The Industrial Monopoly, Technical Progress and Industrial Income Gap 
    ——An Analysis Based on Twodigit Industries
    1、Kong-Qing-Yang , 2、Huang-Ji-Sheng
    Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2012, 44 (2): 102-110.  
    Abstract1568)   HTML9)    PDF(pc) (1788KB)(1988)       Save
    Generally, China's industrial sector has made significant technical progress and also increased the industrial income gap. The market structure will affect industrial technical progress. Those monopoly industries get obvious technical changes, but their technical efficiency has been deteriorated, while competitive industries obtain comparative advantages in technical efficiency. Technical changes have widened the trade income gap, but the pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency have narrowed the gap on the contrary. A path widening the gap starts from industrial monopoly to capital deepening, then to technical changes, and then to trade income gap. From the view of the trade income gap and technological progress, China's industrial and technical progresses have an extensive feature. The cost of delaying reform may be higher due to the time cumulative effect of trade income gap.
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    The Local Market Fragmentation and Foreign Capital Preference during the Transitional Period
    HU Li-Fa
    Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2012, 44 (2): 111-117.  
    Abstract1332)   HTML8)    PDF(pc) (1790KB)(1721)       Save
    The local market fragmentation is in essence the fact that the local government takes various administrative measures to intervene market so as to protect local enterprises and market. It has produced in some relatively independent economic areas some economic system foundations which have resulted in China’s preference for foreign capital. It has fomented local government officials’ promotion incentives. It has led to a situation in which local enterprises have become uncompetitive and foreign enterprises have improved their bargaining ability so that they can enter a host country with more competitiveness than local enterprises. It has intensified local government’s corporateoriented behavior to strive for external resources and develop an “exportoriented strategy”.
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    On the Relationship between Zhu Xi’s Studies of Classics and Writing Ancientstyle Essays
    FANG Xiao-Yi
    Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2012, 44 (2): 118-122.  
    Abstract1691)   HTML10)    PDF(pc) (1786KB)(1768)       Save
    As a master of NeoConfucianism in the Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi wrote many ancientstyle essays which were related to his studies on Confucian classics .The relationship between his studies on classics and essays deserves attention. Zhu often quoted from the Book of History in creating his memorials to the emperor in order to give some advice to him and lead him to accept the system of his own NeoConfucianism. He paid more attention to his feelings, experiences and interests in reading Confucian classics than those Confucians in the Northern Song, and expressed his tastes in his writing ancientstyle essays. In his writing styles of “record” and “preface”, he deepened these essays’ theses by his interpretations or reflections of classics. His essays are therefore rich in their implications.
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    The Polysemous “Sending”
    ——A Symbolic Anthropologic Analysis of Hong Xiuquan’s “Narration of Unusual Dreams”
    CHU Xiao-Bai
    Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph    2012, 44 (2): 123-128.  
    Abstract1609)   HTML7)    PDF(pc) (1792KB)(1695)       Save
    There was an unusual dream narration in almost all of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom’ books. The cause of this narration lay in the requirements of Chinese folk beliefs, which were based on traits of family ethics. The Religion of Worship of God (RWG) of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was not like the Christian tradition, which placed “sending” of Christ, a singular form in time, at the centre of the Christian belief, creatively transforming it into a plural form in space. However, this was a creative measure taken by Hong Xiuquan and the RWG to remedy the problem between Christian faith and native consciousness. The key of this transformation was a special understanding and utilization of “sending”.
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