Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences)

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A Consideration of Perfecting the New type Rural Social Endowment Insurance in China

GUI Shi-Xun

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (1): 1-4.

Abstract （1850）

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There have been great achievements since our nation’s newtype rural social endowment insurance began to launch its pilot project in 2009, but it still needs improving in certain respects. For instance, for those who have selected higher payment standards, they might be properly more encouraged to get a return according to a certain percentage of the local minimum payment subsidy instead of the current prescribed fixed amount. Some other suggestions are also put forward so as to improve the system of social endowment insurance in rural areas.

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A Cost Benefit Analysis of Investment and Operation of Pension Market
——A Positive Analysis Based on Australian Superannuation

LU Jin-Fei

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (1): 5-12.

Abstract （1525）

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This article selects Australia, having a most advanced pension market, as its research target, and tries to draw an empirical conclusion about pension market’s investment and return rate. There are obvious economies of scale in the pension investment market. The larger scale of pension fund is, the less management cost. There are many microfactors like portfolio proportion, management cost, return rate, risks and return/cost ratio, to measure the market players’ operational efficiency. This article also summarizes some implications valuable for Chinese pension market. According to its pension fund scale, the cost of 1.6% for pension fund management in China is lower than it should be, and 1.74% could be a good reference for Chinese market. The benchmark of return/cost ratio could be 3.32. All these conclusions are valuable for China’s pension market, especially for its corporate annuity market.

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A Review of Hong Kong Social Welfare for the Elderly in the Context of Mixed ChineseWestern Culture

GUO Yu

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (1): 13-18.

Abstract （1343）

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As an economically free haven, where east meets west, Hong Kong is aging fast. Since recent years, especially the post colonial period, Hong Kong has developed a special welfare system for the elderly. This paper introduces oldage security and elderly services in Hong Kong in detail. Nowadays the elderly welfare system in Hong Kong is closely related to its economic, political, social and cultural context. Faced with challenges, it is foreseeable that elderly welfare reforms should correspond to present situations and public opinions in Hong Kong as well. As a conclusion, it argues that the oldage security and elderly welfare system which is provided by the HKSAR government, is meaningful to mainland China in the sense that the mainland is developing and aging rapidly.

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Improving the Social Support System for Family Caregivers of the Disabled Old in Shanghai

LIU Jie, LOU Wei-Qun

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (1): 19-25.

Abstract （1558）

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Home care by family caregivers to the disabled elderly in China is still a main form of cares at this stage and remains to be for a long time. Current researches focus on the elderly’s own care needs, but are not enough on family caregivers’ problems and needs. According to a sampling survey in Shanghai in 2010, most of Shanghai's family caregivers for the disabled elderly are women. They are mainly middleaged retirees, their economic conditions are moderate, and they have a longer care time and stronger sense of responsibility. Family caregivers bear a certain degree of physical, psychological and economic pressures during their care giving. In the face of the pressures from all sides, those who actively take selfextracting or get family supports, need urgent supports from government and social communities. Therefore, this essay suggests setting up a sound social health security system, reinforcing communitybased home care services, enhancing care knowledge and skills training, organizing caregiver support groups, and establishing various social support systems.

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A Study on the Construction and Development of a Moderate Universal favored Social Welfare System in China

DAI Jian-Bing, CAO Yan-Chun

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (1): 26-31.

Abstract （1577）

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This paper analyzes the definition of a moderate universalfavored social welfare system, and suggests that it is a social welfare process which can be realized in the stage from a welloff society to the mid 21st century society. The universal here means to establish a welfare system that all citizens can enjoy and moderate refers to the construction of China's social welfare which can be divided into several stages. It shows that according to China's total population and changes in economic and social development and estimation of the level of economic development, the process can be divided into three stages by 2020, 2030 and 2050 as time nodes, and ultimately a moderate universal social welfare system is built up. This is in consistency with the level of economic development, national pride, social democracy, material and technical conditions.

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The Status, Ritual and Politics: The CCP’s Ideological Remolding of Capitalists after 1956

FENG Xiao-Cai

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (1): 32-38.

Abstract （1908）

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In 1956 the wholetrade joint stateprivate management was realized in China. However, it did not mean that the “socialist transformation” of private industrialists and businessmen finished. They were still labeled as “capitalists”, who had been forced to accept continued ideological remolding. During this process the status of “capitalist” was taken as one kind of political tool by the authorities. By defining the identity again and again, the transformation objects were in unsafe condition. In order to complete the transformation task, the businessmen were involved in frequent activities of political learning. But, learning was always performed as on kind of ritual process, in which political confession was more important than inner identity for the government and the coerced legitimate identity was established. This pragmatic political culture not only reflected an internal contradiction of different kinds of policies, but also was closely related to the later constant political instability.

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Cartoon and Politics: Cartoons during the Campaign of Resisting the United States and Aiding North Korea
——A Focus on the People’s Daily

HOU Song-Tao

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (1): 39-45.

Abstract （1815）

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In Chinese modern times the national salvation and revolution were two epochal themes. As an artistic form, cartoon was closely related to varied revolutionary trends in politics. Cartoon presented diversified features between “artistic character” and “political character” all the time before the founding of PRC. The cartoon movement in the Resisting U.S and Aiding North Korea Campaign experienced a kind of artistic “popularization” and further politicalization. During the process of educating populace, the cartoon began to drift apart from its “artistic character” and turn to be a sort of ideological propaganda and educational tool which reflected its “political character” mainly. Thus a polarized mode of thinking, “not us then enemy” or “not enemy then us”, was constructed. This sort of extremely revolutionary mode of thinking had farreaching influence on the populace.

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“The Great Criticisms” of Films: Launching and Operations

QI Zhi

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (1): 46-52.

Abstract （1185）

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The campaign to criticize films was a most important area in “the great criticisms”. It was conducted by forces both from above and below. The one from above consisted of radicals led by Jiang Qing and “writing groups” affiliated with various work units. The one from below was made up of rebel mass organizations whose core members were some intellectual people. The first writing group appeared in Shanghai. After the Cultural Revolution began, writing groups mushroomed across the country. This was how a campaign to criticize a film worked: first, some people at the top would decide what topics to write; second, key articles were written by a designated writing group; third, accompanying articles were produced by the media. Close cooperation between media and writing group was therefore necessary. By the means of publishing newspapers and books, rebel organizations were often quite “imaginative” in their ways of criticizing movies. In contrast to rebel organizations’ often “blown up” approaches, those writing groups paid attention to data and evidence. What they did was to reshape facts and reinterpret a given historical event in accordance with radicals’ points of view.

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The Initiation of Shen Daily: Who Was the Writer of the Essay “A Discourse on the Earth”?

WU Guo-Yi

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (1): 53-60.

Abstract （1298）

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The essay of “A Discourse on the Earth”, published in the first month issue of the Shen Daily in 1872, was called the first scientific enlightenment of populace, “a kind of astronomical and geographical knowledge which could be read in a newspaper”. However, the question of “who on earth was the writer” remains a centenary mystery. According to some data in the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty, the real writer should be Gao Yunlin, an educated young man in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, instead of Jiang Qizhang, a chief writer at the Shen Daily.

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MA Junwu’s Interpretation of Rousseau’s Thought
——A Focus on MA’s Translation of Du Contrat Social

WANG Yao

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (1): 61-68.

Abstract （1236）

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The purpose of this paper is to make a comparison between the original French version of The Social Contract and MA Junwu’s translation book of Zuben Lusao Minyuelun, and then to analyze MA’s interpretation of The Social Contract. The questions focus on the points as follows: Did MA Junwu properly translate any core idea of Rousseau’s book? What were the differences between Rousseau’s thought and MA’s thought? Without doubt, there were some natural barriers between Rousseau and MA Junwu, which were related to their different religious beliefs and moral values.

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A Study on SinoAustralian Cooperation about Natural Gas

HOU Min-Yue

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (1): 69-75.

Abstract （1136）

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The arrival of the first shipment of Australian LNG in May 2006 at Dapeng LNG Co. Ltd., in Guangdong heralded the commencement of China’s imports of natural gas on a considerable scale. Providing 60% of China’s total LNG imports over the past few years, Australia will remain a major LNG supplier to China in the years to come, strongly indicating its continuous positive role in improving China’s primary energy consumption structure, energy security and quality of environment. While increasingly yielding tremendous economic and social benefits, ChinaAustralia gas collaboration is also facing some issues to be dealt with properly.

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“Resolution” and “Enhancement”: An Analysis of the PostMarxist Dynamic View of Social Development

ZHENG Yi-Shi

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (1): 76-82.

Abstract （1295）

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PostMarxism dissolves Marx's theory of driving forces of social development through identifying the “fracture” between modernity and post modernity, deconstructing texts, advocating pluralism instead of monism, and affirming historical contingency instead of historical necessity. However, it provides a new perspective of driving forces of social development and approves of this theory in its distinguishing “centralism” and “center” and analyzing the late capitalism and culture through using Marx's theory of productive mode and historicism.

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Thomas Reid’s Criticisms of Doctrines of Ideas

WEN Yu-Lin

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (1): 83-89.

Abstract （1522）

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Although Scottish philosopher Thomas Reid had considerable influence on philosophy in history, he was ignored by official history of philosophy. But the end of twentieth century witnessed a revival of interest in his philosophy. Thomas Reid argued that the theory of idea was an underlying assumption of modern philosophy. Various doctrines of ideas led philosophy to skepticism. To defend common sense, Reid examined the theory of idea carefully and criticized it incisively. Contemporary philosophy confirms Reid’s philosophical farsight in his famous critique of the theory of idea.

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A Study on the Basic Structure of Confucius together with Daoists in the Appendices to the Book of Changes

FU Hui-Sheng

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (1): 90-104.

Abstract （1089）

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Modern and contemporary studies of the Appendices to the Book of Changes (Yi Zhuan) often focused on different schools of thought implied in it. Some insisted that Appendices should be written by Confucius, some held that it was written by Daoist scholars, and some by scholars of the YinYang School. The textual analysis of Appendices may bring us a new and rational substantial understanding of Appendices. In it, those different expositions of what the Book of Changes  was and how it reflected the world mainly reflected understandings of different schools in the phase of “hundred school contention” of the whole Warring States Period, a unique traditional cultural phenomenon. The Book of Changes, based on the early Western Zhou ruling thought and culture, gradually became our nation’s rational philosophical writing instead of a mysterious divination book after Confucius’ and Daoists’ rational studies. And meanwhile, the Appendices to the Book of Changes also became a truly philosophical writing with profound ancient Chinese culture, and its basic structure of Confucius together with Daoists and scholars of changes was formed. Such an understanding may have a certain academic referential value in evaluating Confucius’ thought and historical position and reexamining ancient Chinese histories of philosophy, changeology and Confucianism.

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How to Unite Universal Love with Particular Love
——A Focus on SongMing NeoConfucianist Theory of Humanity and Righteousness

CHEN Qiao-Jian

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (1): 105-110.

Abstract （1345）

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Both Confucius and Mencius initiated an ethical theory of humanity (ren) and righteousness (yi). The nature of humanity was aiming at a kind of universal love, and the implication of righteousness was aiming at humanity and also a regulation of humanity. The principle of righteousness found expression in the graded particular love embraced in universal love. NeoConfucianism succeeded and developed original Confucianism’s theory of humanity and righteousness, and especially provided a set of ontological proof through its theory of “all things as one” and “one as multiplicity”. The opposition and unity of humanity and righteousness reflects the opposition and unity of Confucian ethical universality and particularity. This also conforms to the real life world.

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New Ethical Dimensions in Thoughts of the Qianjia School

WU Xiao-Fan

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (1): 111-117.

Abstract （1293）

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In the perspective of moral philosophy, traditional ethics, especially NeoConfucian, was criticized and expanded by the Qianjia School from four aspects. Firstly, instead of basing virtues on an ontological foundation of principle, the Qianjia School argued that the source of morality was rooted in the rite. Then the Qianjia School protested a naturalistic view of human nature opposing to the NeoConfucian transcendental humanity. Thirdly, morality was evaluated by behaviors and affections not as to motivations. In the end, the ideal moral personality was not still a sage but an ordinary person who abided rites. The point view of the Qianjia School ethics is indispensable to explain the occurrence of Chinese modernity.

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A Rectification of Some Punctuative Errors in the Article “Records of the Renshu Building” Appended in the Book of An Examination of FANG Yi-zhi’s Integrity in His Later Years

ZHANG Yong-Yi

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (1): 118-122.

Abstract （1332）

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The short article titled “Records of the Renshu Building”, which is compiled in the third volume of Qing Yuan Zhi Lue, is very important to understand the thought of oldage FANG Yizhi. Professor YU Yingshi has punctuated this article in his book of An Examination of FANG Yizhi’s Integrity in His Later Years (FANG Yizhi Wanjie Kao)，but those punctuation marks still have some errors. In addition, some historical data have proved that FANG Yizhi was a teacher and a good friend of ZUO Cangyi, who was just another interlocutor of “Records in the Renshu Building”

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The “Mokcha” in Upanishads and “Nirvana” in Buddhism

YAO Wei-Qun

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (1): 123-127.

Abstract （1349）

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Many concepts in the ancient Indian holy writing Upanishads have important influences on later Indian religious and philosophical sects. The formation of Buddhist concept of “nirvana” was based on its absorption, reference and transformation from the concept of “mokcha” (release) in Upanishads. The concept of “mokcha” took the theory of self as its basis, while the concept of “nirvana” took the theory of dependent origination and theory of nonself as its basis. The concept of “mokcha” was a key content in the mainstream thought of Brahmanism, while the concept of “nirvana” was also a central element in its religious doctrine. They both were ancient Indian religious and philosophical theories with their own characteristics, and had their important positions in the development of Indian culture.

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Devadatta: Demon or Bodhisattva?
——Some Misjudgments and Clarifications in Reading Classics

XIA Jin-Hua

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (1): 128-134.

Abstract （1767）

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Devadatta has been taken as a demon to murder Shakyamuni Buddha for a long time, and the academic circles have generally approved of this view. In fact, the matter was not so simple. The academic circles at home and abroad have not brought to light the event of Devadatta as yet, because they have only confined to Pali Theravada canons and authority of Vinayapitaka. This paper has a discussion on three respects: records of Mahayana sutras and their relations with Agama sutra and Vinayapitaka, doubtful points of “five hellish sins”, and “five improper ways of gain” advocated by Devadatta. It shows that Devadatta was a most controversial mystical figure in the Indian Buddhist history. He wasn’t a demon, but a great Bodhisattva to be imbued with a sacrifice spirit.

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A Study on the Origin of the Lotus Throne of Buddhist Sculptures in Wuchang Lianxi Temple in the Fifth Year of the Eastern Wu Yong’an Period

ZHANG Tong-Biao

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (1): 135-143.

Abstract （1248）

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In Buddhist sculptures produced in the Han Dynasty and Western Jin Dynasty at the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the Buddhist lotusthrone was one of the most obvious characters. It was absolutely different from those Buddhist sculptures’ in the area of Sichuan area, upper reaches of the Yangtze River during the same period. The Buddha sculpture made at Wuchang Lianxi Temple in A.D.262 (the fifth year of the Eastern Wu Yong’an period), was standing on a lotusthrone. It was most likely to be the first lotusthrone found in Chinese Buddhist sculptures, and also an embryonic form of the image of the Great Miracle at Shravasti in ancient India. The lotusthrone was firstly shown in some images of GajaLakshmi and Brahma in India, and nothing to do with Buddhism. Therefore, the isolated lotus image found in the Han and Jin dynasties was nothing to do with Buddhism, and it could not be taken as evidence for the spread of early Buddhism in China.

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Permanent Metaphor——A Study on Pound’s Translation of Metaphors in the Perspective of the Conceptual Metaphor Theory

ZHANG Xi

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (1): 144-149.

Abstract （1729）

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According to the conceptual metaphor theory, the conceptual system depended by human beings to think and act has a metaphorical nature, and human beings’ thinking process is just using a concept to understand or express another concept. Ezra Pound was a leader in the Imagist Movement and prolific translator. He advanced a concept of permanent metaphor, which reflected a correlation of metaphor and thinking pattern. The conceptual metaphor theory shows that a success of metaphor translation is determined by its readers’ thinking capacity, and a translation version is a combination of the translator’s and the reader’s thinking capacity. Pound was unique in his translation method, which is known as a creative translation. However, he mostly revived the thinking process involved in metaphors. This paper is to analyze Pound's permanent metaphor based on the conceptual metaphor theory and to explore a new perspective in metaphor translation. 

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A Survey of the History of Social Culture: A Reconsideration of Studies on 1950’s Shanghai

ZHANG Ji-Shun

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (2): 1-7.

Abstract （1731）

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In a perspective of sociocultural history it is necessary to overcome an inclination of “fragmentization” and avoid some mistaken “authoritarian” ideas in studies on the 1950’s Shanghai, thus making certain achievements in transformations of knowledge and methodology. There should be a series of fresh issues about Shanghai in the 1950’s under the thesis of “new Shanghai in modern China’. It may be an effective way for exploring social culture in the 1950’s Shanghai to discover and restudy those grey memory materials hiding in social grassroots.

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The Mingdynasty Jiangnan Intellectuals’ Collection and Appreciation of Cultural Relics and Their Aesthetic Tastes

CHEN Jiang

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (2): 8-15.

Abstract （1506）

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In the late Ming Dynasty, Jiangnan intellectuals were keen on collection and appreciation of ancient books, calligraphy, paintings, jades, bronzes, porcelains and other types of cultural relics. They focused on art characteristics and cultural connotations of antiques, advocating simple, elegant, natural, implicit aesthetic tastes. Together with friends they enjoyed their collection and wrote poems or comments, which became their important part of spiritual life. Faced with an increasingly difficult living environment, Jiangnan intellectuals hid themselves in their studies and relics, trying to avoid earthly trouble and political risk. They wanted to use the joy of spiritual life to ease the pain of real life. However, they did not stay away from reality. They paid special attention to distinguish between elegance and vulgarity in order to exclude powerful officials and wealthy businessmen, and at the same time intellectuals’ selfconsciousness was also unceasingly aroused. Therefore, they retained some selfesteem and selfconfidence, and upheld the intellectual class moral principles, not completely subservient to pressures of power and money.

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The Significance of Sea Power Practice in the Time of Zheng Chenggong to Contemporary China

NI Le-Xiong

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (2): 16-22.

Abstract （1557）

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The Zheng Chenggong group's powerful naval force, which was based on trade and military affairs, has important implications on contemporary China’s national defense reconstruction. If a society's economy is based on overseas trade, it must use navy to maintain its survival. The naval construction is necessary to maintain social existence and development, just as in the inland farming community, a strong army is necessary. The navy construction is an indispensable cost investment. Of course, today a maritime nation's military purpose is simply to maintain a fair and rational international trade order and safeguard its own legitimate commercial and trading interests.

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A Study on Organizational Differences of the 17th century Chinese and Dutch Overseas Trade Groups

ZHAO Ya-Dan

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (2): 23-29.

Abstract （1457）

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In the 17th century, Dutch established the East India Company engaging in overseas trade in Asia, and the Zhengs overseas trade group could develop itself to be a leading private trader over the seas. Although they both were in pursuit of profits, their group organizational models had many differences because of their different formations and decisionmaking mechanisms. The East India Company was a largescale, state supported and jointstock company. The Zhengs overseas trade group was not a traditional overseas trader alliance which was loosely constructed and based on blood and geographical relations. It was a businessmilitary complex, which mixed a military organization with blood and geographical relations, and was a centralized administrative department of overseas trade with a function of customs.

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A Modernity Program beyond Left and Right——Zhang Junmai’s Way to Build up a Nation

GAO Li-Ke

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (2): 30-38.

Abstract （1534）

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Zhang Junmai’s writing of Way to Build up a Nation was a reflection on epochal changes and China’s issues. Combining the world with China’s course of modernization and presenting his argument of a balance between “liberty” and “power”, he made his comprehensive responses to some important issues such as nationalism v. class politics, democratic politics v. authoritarian politics, socialism v. capitalism, and Chinese culture v. Western culture, putting forward a program of building up modern China which went beyond left and right wings. It might be regarded as a book of great thoughts in a great age.

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Risk Society and Ecological Enlightenment

PAN Bin

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (2): 39-43.

Abstract （1413）

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In essence the risk is a category of modernity, and the risk society is an institutional effect and negative result of reflexive movement in modernity. The reflection on enlightenment and reconstruction of reason is a possible way to overcome the predicament of modernity. The ecological enlightenment, which is regarded as an intellectual revolution and political and social practice, is essentially a second enlightenment and rationalization. It is proposed to absorb ecological rationality into enlightenment rationality, maintain ecological justice and carry out ecological governance. The ecological enlightenment will go beyond the binary dilemma between man and nature by reconstructing a distribute mechanism and ethics in risk society, thus promoting transformations from industrial civilization to ecological civilization.

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A Reconsideration of the Consumed Leisure
——A Reflection on Baudrillard’s Critique of Leisure

PAN Hai-Ying

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (2): 44-49.

Abstract （1288）

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Baudrillard’s leisure critique is based on the system of matter and consuming society. The substance of his critique focuses on leisure alienation. In consuming society, leisure is totally restrained and controlled, while the leisure people’s mentality is reconstructed. They are deprived of their subjectivity. His theory should be questioned. Are labor and leisure one and the same? Can leisure be authentic? And leisure people are manipulated or antimanipulation? It is just alienation in work that makes man separated from his development and makes work separated from man’s free creation. Leisure and work are contradictory and united. Therefore, leisure should be broken with alienation in work. It should be regressed to and merged together with daily life. In ideal society, leisure will be united with work on the dimension of freedom. The conclusion is: on the one hand leisure is in danger of being consumed because in consumerist society the possibility of leisure dissimilation is fortified; on the other hand leisure is just an alien force of consuming society and a weapon to change people’s alienation fate. The people can realize their antialienation by leisure activities.

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Pocock’s Republican Interpretation of Machiavelli’s Language of Virtue

WANG Yin-Li

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (2): 50-56.

Abstract （2009）

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Pocock defined the history of political thought as the history of political discourse. This implies that a political writer’s speech itself is verbalizing a political act, and the writer’s discussions or interactions with his contemporaries at times result in a change of language paradigm. In his writing, The Machiavellian Moment, Pocock claimed that Machiavelli brought a language paradigmatic revolution for civil republicanism through his exploring Machiavelli’s virtuefortune language. This article provides a detailed account of Pocock’s exposition of Machiavelli’s concept of virtue, including universalization of civil virtue, politicization of virtue, and militarization of virtue.

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Knowledge Evolution and Engineer Governance
——A Study on Thorstein Veblen’s Theory of Science and Technology

LIU Yong-Mou

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (2): 57-63.

Abstract （1494）

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Science and technology are important issues of Thorstein Veblen’s research. Introducing evolutionism and psychology into his research of science and technology, he put forward his determinism of science and technology, evolutionism of science and technology, and technocracy. As a point of junction in the development of technocracy, Veblen’s theory of science and technology contributed to the American theory of science and technology in the humanist tradition, which has been ignored for a long time. It has some inspirations for a study on philosophy of science and technology in China.

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Democratic Politics and Passion
——On Chantal Mouffe’s Critique of Deliberative Democracy

ZHENG Qi

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (2): 64-68.

Abstract （2199）

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There has been a huge amount of interest in the theory of deliberative democracy in China in recent years. Scholars generally hold an optimistic attitude towards it. Nevertheless, before determining whether a theory is beneficial, it is needed to decide whether the theory is reasonable in itself. The introduction of Chantal Mouffe’s democratic model of agonistic pluralism may be helpful to reflect challenges or problems that the theory of deliberative democracy faces. On the basis of Carl Schmitt’s political theory, Mouffe criticizes deliberative democracy that is proposed by Rawls and other liberals. Different from deliberative democracy, Mouffe argues for the antagonistic nature of democratic politics and the importance of passion in cultivating citizens.

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The Dilemma of Chinese Officials’ Governance and Its Solutions

1、Zhang-Xuan , 2、Zhang-Guo-Yu

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (2): 69-75.

Abstract （1423）

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The dilemma of Chinese government officials’ governance can be summed up as: on the one hand government officials’ group conducts are out of control; on the other hand the modernization process dominated by government has to rely on the government official group’s advancement. The dilemma results from government officials’ lack of a desire and ability of selfdiscipline and inadequate social supervision. As a result, the solutions lie in setting up an institutionalized interest negotiation mechanism and interest balance mechanism based on enhancing social public’s right to know and right of expression, and making full use of supervision by public opinion as a main carrier and important guarantee of public exercising their rights to know and of expression.

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An Analysis of Procedures for Collecting Information of Serious Prejudice in the WTO Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures

WANG Yong-Jie

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (2): 76-81.

Abstract （1571）

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The Annex V to WTO Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures provides procedures for developing information concerning serious prejudice. The Annex V procedure is requested by the complaining member, initiated by DSB and facilitated by the designated representative. The designated representative needs to adopt procedure steps and additional procedures for a protection of business or strictly confidential information, make his questionnaire, and submit his report to the Panel. His job is done in the context of the parties’ consultations. The information gathered under the Annex V procedure is properly relied on in support of serious prejudice claims against certain alleged subsidies. The Panel will determine whether the same information can be also used in the context of the prohibited subsidies claims concerning the same alleged subsidies.

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The “Development” of Civil Society in the 1990s Bangladesh’s Rural Area and the State Domination

ZHANG Wen-Ming

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (2): 82-87.

Abstract （1321）

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As Asian latedeveloping countries have started entering an era of development and growth, how to define “rural civil society” is becoming a wide concerned discussion topic. Especially in the 1990s, there emerged a lot of wellknown nongovernmental organizations, growing so rapid in Bangladesh. This paper makes a study on the possibility of civil society in latedeveloping agricultureoriented countries through an analysis of backgrounds and specific roles of NGO as well as their relations with state domination. This paper argues that a real civil society can not be formed in Bangladesh at present, though there have been some organizations of civil society. This is because it is short of “interest appeals” to capital controls in the context of industrialization and lacks the public character of “interest appeal” either. The development of such a civil society can only focus on the specific level of “capital distribution”.

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The Legal Evolution, Practical Dilemma and Path Selection of China’s Democratic Autonomy in Rural Areas

XIE Wei

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (2): 88-94.

Abstract （1626）

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In the developmental course of our country’s rural grassroots democracy, the villagers’ autonomy has experienced a change from “Great Democracy” to institutional democracy, and the Organic Law of Villagers Committees of the People's Republic of China has played an important role. The law which has undergone major revisions has enlarged the participation scale of rural grassroots democratic autonomy, and has further normalized procedures of democratic election, consultation, management and supervision. While the construction of democracy is a longterm and systematic course, there are still some practical dilemmas such as deficiency of participative inner forces and conflict between autonomic right and administrative power. It is necessary to form a resultant force of path selection in respects of subject orientation, macro policy, democratic procedure and institutional guarantee so as to ensure the construction of rural grassroots democracy to develop with a steady pace.

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The New International Division of Labor, Competitiveness of Manufacturing Industry and Development of China’s Producer Services

TANG Hai-Yan

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (2): 95-101.

Abstract （1796）

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The theoretical developments of manufacturing industry and producer services have provided a useful analytical framework for the interaction and integration of these two industries under the condition of new international division of labor. After a certain development phase of manufacturing industry, professional requirements of manufacturing industry to producer services will definitely increase. At the same time, the development of producer services also promotes upgrades of manufacturing industry. However, the chain that China’s producer services promote upgrading of manufacturing industry is very weak. This paper argues that it is the system bottleneck which leads to a weak chain effect. The key measure is to promote a “marriage effect” between state owned producerservice firms and state owned manufacturing enterprises. The cooperation can also avoid a “hollow out effect”, which is very popular in the postindustrialization era. The business innovation, mode innovation and product innovation based on the interaction and integration of producer services and manufacturing industry are fundamental methods to quicken up a development of China’s producerservice industry.

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The Industrial Monopoly, Technical Progress and Industrial Income Gap
——An Analysis Based on Twodigit Industries

1、Kong-Qing-Yang , 2、Huang-Ji-Sheng

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (2): 102-110.

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Generally, China's industrial sector has made significant technical progress and also increased the industrial income gap. The market structure will affect industrial technical progress. Those monopoly industries get obvious technical changes, but their technical efficiency has been deteriorated, while competitive industries obtain comparative advantages in technical efficiency. Technical changes have widened the trade income gap, but the pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency have narrowed the gap on the contrary. A path widening the gap starts from industrial monopoly to capital deepening, then to technical changes, and then to trade income gap. From the view of the trade income gap and technological progress, China's industrial and technical progresses have an extensive feature. The cost of delaying reform may be higher due to the time cumulative effect of trade income gap.

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The Local Market Fragmentation and Foreign Capital Preference during the Transitional Period

HU Li-Fa

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (2): 111-117.

Abstract （1276）

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The local market fragmentation is in essence the fact that the local government takes various administrative measures to intervene market so as to protect local enterprises and market. It has produced in some relatively independent economic areas some economic system foundations which have resulted in China’s preference for foreign capital. It has fomented local government officials’ promotion incentives. It has led to a situation in which local enterprises have become uncompetitive and foreign enterprises have improved their bargaining ability so that they can enter a host country with more competitiveness than local enterprises. It has intensified local government’s corporateoriented behavior to strive for external resources and develop an “exportoriented strategy”.

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On the Relationship between Zhu Xi’s Studies of Classics and Writing Ancientstyle Essays

FANG Xiao-Yi

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (2): 118-122.

Abstract （1612）

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As a master of NeoConfucianism in the Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi wrote many ancientstyle essays which were related to his studies on Confucian classics .The relationship between his studies on classics and essays deserves attention. Zhu often quoted from the Book of History in creating his memorials to the emperor in order to give some advice to him and lead him to accept the system of his own NeoConfucianism. He paid more attention to his feelings, experiences and interests in reading Confucian classics than those Confucians in the Northern Song, and expressed his tastes in his writing ancientstyle essays. In his writing styles of “record” and “preface”, he deepened these essays’ theses by his interpretations or reflections of classics. His essays are therefore rich in their implications.

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The Polysemous “Sending”
——A Symbolic Anthropologic Analysis of Hong Xiuquan’s “Narration of Unusual Dreams”

CHU Xiao-Bai

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (2): 123-128.

Abstract （1534）

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There was an unusual dream narration in almost all of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom’ books. The cause of this narration lay in the requirements of Chinese folk beliefs, which were based on traits of family ethics. The Religion of Worship of God (RWG) of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was not like the Christian tradition, which placed “sending” of Christ, a singular form in time, at the centre of the Christian belief, creatively transforming it into a plural form in space. However, this was a creative measure taken by Hong Xiuquan and the RWG to remedy the problem between Christian faith and native consciousness. The key of this transformation was a special understanding and utilization of “sending”.

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A New Study on Terms of “South and North” and “East and West”

WANG Yun-Lu

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (2): 129-132.

Abstract （1453）

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“East, west, south and north” are the most cardinal points of location. In Chinese language, however, “dong xi” (literally, east west) and “nan bei” (literally, south north) are asymmetrical in their respective used frequency, and their semantic evolutions are quite different as well. The meanings of “dong xi” evolve from “location” to “nearness” and then to “stuff”, while the term of “nan bei” derives from the meaning of “long distance” since there is a distance of 200,033,500 li plus 75 steps between north and south poles in ancients’ imagination.

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A Supplement of 101 Poems to Collected Poems in the Song Dynasty

PENG Guo-Zhong

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (2): 133-141.

Abstract （1147）

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In accordance with relevant historical materials, this paper supplements 101 poems and 62 poetic remnants to Collected Poems in the Song Dynasty.

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The Timeliness of “Dunhuang Impression”

1、Hu-Fan-Zhu , 2、Hu-Yi-Ming

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (2): 142-145.

Abstract （1495）

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In the history of modern Chinese fine arts Kong Baiji’s painting of “Dunhuang Impression” deserves special attention, though it is perhaps not very famous. This is not only because it is a birth mark of the “oil painting on xuan paper” which melts Oriental and Western cultures, but also because it embraces a kind of complicated and profound timeliness, presenting a double possibility of “content’s complete transformation into form” and “material’s complete melt into form”. Accordingly, it sets an excellent example for an expansion of philosophy of art.

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The Prior Attitude in the Discourse
——A Reflection Based on Intentionality

ZHANG Xian-Gang

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (2): 146-151.

Abstract （1355）

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This paper is initiated by a study on the concept of “prior intention” in philosophy. The existence of prior attitude is presumed here and how to analyze it in the discourse is studied. The hypothesis of existence of prior attitude in the discourse is based on studies of John Searl’s speech act and intentionality. This hypothesis is verified in theoretical frameworks of M.A.K. Halliday’s systematic functional linguistics and J. R. Martin’s appraisal theory. The hypothesis is valuable in a discourse analysis.

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Treaty System: The Late Qing Dynasty Reconstructed by the West

YANG Guo-Qiang

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (3): 1-13.

Abstract （1150）

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Since the 1850s, communication between China and the West had been essentially a process in which the West regulated and consequently reconstructed China through treaties, which embodied the interests, rights, wills and rules of the West. In this process, China, which originally had no tradition of treaties to cultivate its awareness or knowledge of treaties, was gradually pulled into a world order established by the West and deeply changed in a passive way.

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Li Hongzhang’s “Unwilling Abandonment of Filial Piety for the Sake of Bussiness” and the Hidden Schemes of the “Clean Stream Party”: Study of the Correspondences between Zhang Peilun and Li Hongzhang

JIANG Ming

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (3): 14-22.

Abstract （1351）

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Based on some historical documents revealed for the first time, this paper displays the complicated political situation in the early period of the reign of Guan Xu in the Qing Dynasty by revealing the secret intercourse, mutual support and strife between Li Hongzhang and Zhang Peilun, an important figure in the “clean stream party.” Communication between the Grand Councilor Li Hongzao and the Minister of Foreign Affairs in North China Li Hongzhang, the hidden schemes made by Zhang Peilun and Li Hongzao for Li Hongzhang’s “Unwilling Abandonment of Filial Piety” after his dismissal due to the bereavement of his mother, secret countermeasures undertaken by the Qing government to deal with the Korean Imo Incident, policy toward Japan made by the “clean stream party” and the attitude of Li Hongzhangall of these demonstrate that the political complexity in the late Qing Dynasty is beyond our imagination.

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Yu Lianyuan: From an “Impartial and Incorruptible Censor” to a “Capable Specialist in Foreign Affairs”: A Casestudy Concerning Shanghai Road

DAI Hai-Bin

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (3): 23-30.

Abstract （1195）

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Yu Lianyuan was primarily an official who rose to power through traditional education and the imperial examination system. Serving in the capital for thirty years, he lacked knowledge of foreign affairs. He had been honored as an “impartial and incorruptible Censor” because of his fierce inquisition and hard lined criticism of dignitaries and their foreign dealings. However, since he started working in the provinces, particularly on Shanghai Road, his image as a member of the “clean stream party” gradually changed in the process due to unavoidable frequent contact with foreigners. Practical and openminded, he became famous as a capable specialist in foreign affairs, wellknown mostly for his active role in contracting the treaties of “mutual defense in southeast China.” Yu’s transformation is significant insofar as it enables us to understand the becoming of the officials, who were in charge of foreign affairs during the late Qing Dynasty.

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Pursuing the Intellectual Foundation of a Modern State: The Discourse of “the People’s State” in the Late Qing Dynasty

PEI Zi-Yu

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (3): 31-37.

Abstract （1279）

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There were two kinds of ways to imagine the modern state for the sake of statebuilding during the late Qing Dynasty. One was the familiar notion of the “nationstate” (min zu guo jia), that is, “One Nation, One State.” The other was the often neglected notion of “the people’s state” (guo min guo jia), which advocated the sovereignty of the people, and emphasized the direct and immediate relationship between state and citizen and equal rights and duties for the individual. Insofar as the traditional bonds between the cosmic order and the political order were severed through it, the people’s state was a modern idea. However, due to external pressures and internal crisis, the discourse concerning “the people’s state” was often replaced either with a more radical version of nationalism (racialism) or with a reformist version in which the individual was swallowed up by an organismic state and collective people. The discourse concerning “the people’s state” is still significant nowadays in reminding us that the individual should be relocated in a proper place in a modern state and given equal rights and duties.

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The Generation and Development of the Modern Chinese Conception of Education for the Disabled

LU De-Yang

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (3): 38-45.

Abstract （1129）

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Originating in the modern West, the concept of education for the disabled was introduced into China by missionaries and gentlebusinessmen. With the idea of equality and humanity, the missionaries, while spreading religion, promoted the independent development of schools for the disabled and created a modern pattern of assistance for the disabled. From the perspective of social and human rights, the gentlebusinessmen emphasized that the disabled, as members of society, should have the right, guaranteed by law, to receive education. They also encouraged the disabled to achieve proficiency in a particular career to earn their living. In addition, the disabled themselves had to serve society and become selfreliant through the education they received. The concept of education for the disabled developed further through its criticism of society’s contempt for and discrimination against education for the disabled. In the last century, missionaries, gentlebusinessmen and the disabled founded schools for the disabled, educated groups of disabled persons and hence promoted modern education for the disabled, which also laid a solid foundation for the contemporary education for disabled people.

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Women’s Education and The Construction of the Concept of Family in Modern China: Focusing on the Woman’s Journal Soliciting Contributions to the Topic of “My Ideal Partner”

HE Wei

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (3): 46-52.

Abstract （1979）

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Where did the elite’s campaign on behalf of the freedom of love and marriage go after the “May 4 Movement”? How was it put into practice? By examining the Women’s Journal, which solicited contributions to the topic of “my ideal partner,” we will find that young people paid much attention to women’s schooling and education and regarded women’s education as the sole way to disentangle “the new woman” from “the old woman,” and hence, as crucial to constructing a “perfect” family model. Women’s education gradually became an authoritative and influential ideology.

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On Executive Compensation of Listed Companies of Monopolistic Industries: From the Perspective of Earning Management

YANG Rong

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (3): 53-61.

Abstract （1451）

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Excessive executive compensation in stateowned listed companies, especially in monopolistic industries, has recently attracted more public attention than ever. Much domestic and international literature indicates a correlation between managerial power and executive compensation and also between executive compensation and earning management. However, research on the correlation between managerial power and earning management continues to be scarce. In fact, it is mainly due to the absence of owner and managerial power that earning management is dominant in the stateowned companies of monopolistic industries. Exploring 873 samples of 178 listed companies of 14 monopolistic industries during 20022009, this paper argues that there is a positive correlation between managerial power and executive compensation in monopolistic industries in China. Executives utilize their power to maximize their own interests in earning management.

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A Theoretical Model of Knowledge Innovation in the Modular Networkshaped Industrial Chain

ZHANG Yan

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (3): 62-68.

Abstract （1120）

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Under a modular division of labor, production factors are reconstructed into a networkshaped industrial chain. Deeply affected by the shape of this industrial chain, the mode of knowledge innovation has developed some new characteristics. This paper argues that the Networkdominant Model of Independent Innovation provides us with a theoretical framework for the study of knowledge innovation in the modular networkshaped industrial chain. According to the Networkdominant Model of Independent Innovation, independent innovation and collaborative innovation are the two primary ways of innovating knowledge. Under the guidance of system rules, the process of knowledge innovation can be divided into five phases: module division and the formation of system rules, collaboration among modules, system integration and testing, bidirectional feedback, modular combination and product innovation. Through this process modular innovation is intensified, standards are improved, and industry is upgraded.

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Sustainable Corporate Competitiveness: Comprehensive Demand for Economic Profitability and Social Fairness

HOU Shi-Jun

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (3): 69-75.

Abstract （1117）

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To achieve sustainable competitiveness, firms are required to respond simultaneously to their own demand for economic profitability and society’s demand for social fairness. Exogenous resource advantages and endogenous comparative advantages, by responding to the demand for economic profitability, are the foundation of corporate competitiveness. Corporate social responsibility and responsible competitiveness, by responding to the demand for social fairness, safeguards the sustainability of corporate competitiveness. Sustainable corporate competitiveness is the comprehensive performance of the organic combination of and benign balance between both aspects. In order to respond to such a comprehensive demand for economic profitability and social fairness, firms need to propose an integrated framework for promoting sustainable competitiveness by combining four types of competitiveness, that is, the competitiveness of low cost, technology, marketing and responsibility.

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Measure Models of the Traveling Behavior Mechanism based upon the Structural Equation Model in the Area of Highspeed Railway

YU Qiu-Yang

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (3): 76-82.

Abstract （983）

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The highspeed railway brings new opportunities but also the challenge of allocating industrial factors to regional tourism. Through its unique way of compressing spacetime, the highspeed railway changes traffic behavior from the perspectives of traveling motivation, tourism activities and traveling features. Hypotheses and measurement models based upon the Structural Equation Modelthe typical tool for evaluating and verifying behavior mechanismshelp us to establish a useful set of qualitative analysis frameworks and quantitative measurement methods for the analysis of traffic behavior tendencies in the era of highspeed railway. This is also helpful for factor allocation and policy design for the tourism industry.

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A Comparative Study of Chinese and American National Identity Reflected in their White Papers on National Defense

DOU Wei-Lin, DU Hai-Zi, SU Dan

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (3): 83-94.

Abstract （1193）

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This paper presents a critical discourse analysis and a comparative study of the Chinese and American white papers on national defense from 2002 to 2008. It finds that China and U.S. differ greatly in their choice of words, classification, modality and macrotextual structure in constructing their respective national identities. The very national identity the Chinese government intends to construct is that of China as a peaceloving and developmentpursuing country that highly cherishes cooperation and avoids confrontation, while the U.S. government portrays the U.S. as a superior country with a mission. This difference can be attributed to the culture of harmony in China and the mission mentality deeply rooted in America.

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Folk Beliefs: Retrospection and Reflection

CHEN Qin-Jian, MAO Qiao-Hui

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (3): 95-101.

Abstract （1166）

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Although Folk beliefs have existed since ancient times in China, the academic study of folk beliefs didn’t appear until the end of the Qing Dynasty. No clear consensus concerning folk beliefs could be reached in the last century, and how to deal with folk beliefs has remained a bewildering issue for the government. This paper tries to outline the evolution of the academic views of folk beliefs so as to provide some suggestions for making corresponding countermeasures.

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“To Learn and at Due Times to Apply What You Have Learnt”: The Beginning of the Analects

CHEN Bin

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (3): 102-110.

Abstract （1163）

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The Bible begins with Genesis, God’s creation of the world, and leads man down the path of obedience to God’s will on the grounds of belief. On the contrary, at the outset of the Analects, Confucius advocates “to learn and at due times apply what one has learnt,” which instructs human beings to realize the propensities of nature (tianming) through selfcultivation. The first paragraph of the Analects actually tells us the three spiritual stages of Confucius, who is regarded as the spiritual symbol of Chinese culture.

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The Meaning of Linking Verbs in Ancient Chinese Thought

LI Xiao-Chun

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (3): 111-115.

Abstract （1372）

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Constructed out of meaning clumps or meaning chains, Chinese thought is characterized by “typical images” (faxiang). The linking verbs found in ancient Chinese emerged from five different approaches, which were more or less tied to a way of thinking by means of typical images. Concerning these five approaches, “referring” functions as the core of meaning of linking verbs. Although “ji” is not a typical linking verb in the context of Western philosophy, it really demonstrates the essence of linking verbs in Chinese thought by expressing an intimate relationship occupying the intervals between meaning chains.

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Movement and Stillness in Wei Zhuangqu’s Doctrine of The Ground of Nature (Tiangen)

WANG Ge

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (3): 116-121.

Abstract （1354）

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According to Huang Zongxi, Wei Zhuangqu’s doctrine of the ground of nature (tiangen) reflected a slight transformation from the NeoConfucianism of the Song Dynasty to that of the Ming Dynasty. However, this is not the true story. As a sincere follower of Cheng and Zhu’s doctrines, Wei only tried to reach a kind of monism based on the doctrine of cultivation characterized by stillness, and his doctrine of tiangen might reveal some opportunities for transformation of movement solely on the level of cultivation. Through a comparative study of tiangen and tianji, we can also find some similarities and distinctions between Wei Zhuangqu and the scholars of the Yangming school.

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Beyond Meaningfulness: On the Art Form

YIN Guo-Ming

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (3): 122-128.

Abstract （1097）

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The Art form has always been an important theme in the theory of art, since it leads to a discussion concerning the ontological foundation and most significant features of art. “The art form is not merely a form”, “content is a meaningful form”such popular theses are easily suppressed in a dualistic framework. In Laozi’s conception of “the great form without shape” and in an examination of the process of breathing and rhythm, we will find not only the meaning of the art form, but also the very trace of human poetic dwelling as well.

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The Combination of Heidegger and Chinese Literature: Possibility and Limitations

LIU Yang

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (3): 129-134.

Abstract （1254）

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Realizing a creative combination of Heidegger’s existentialism and Chinese literature would be significant for the contemporary theoretical study of Chinese literature. We can start from the fact that Heidegger considered the existential circumstance of humans as possible beings on the one hand and that Confucianism has dominated Chinese literature on the other. A literature based on the ontology of emotion can play a positive role in overcoming and filling in “the abyss of being.” However, compared to existentialism’s reliance on the framework of two worlds, the ontology of emotion embraces one world and naturally leads to a static appreciation of and narcissistic atmosphere in literature.

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LongTerm Care for the Elderly from Four Dimensions：The Development of Publicprivate Partnerships

ZHENG Xiong-Fei

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (3): 135-142.

Abstract （1077）

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With the aging of the population together with the acceleration of migration and the widespread “emptynest” phenomenon, it is very important to construct a longterm system of care service for the elderly. It is an issue that concerns not only the family, but also society, the economic market and political situations. This paper comprehensively analyses the origin of the demand for longterm care, and then claims to create a “fourdimensionspace” to meet the needs of the elderly.

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Original Residents and Outsiders, Cohabitation and the Action Choices of Local Residents: An Investigation of Yuanhenong Community

ZHAO Ye-Qin ZHAO Ye-Qin

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (3): 143-150.

Abstract （1299）

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With the entry of a large number of migrants into a city, local residents have to live alongside them in the same community. This paper deals with the issue of cohabitation, using Yuanhenong, a Shanghai shantytown as a case study. By analyzing the action taken by local residents against outsiders, this paper introduces the economic paradigm of “exit, voice and loyalty” into community analyses and reveals through demonstration the limitations of the Chicago School’s dual paradigm of “invasion and succession.” This paper argues that the traditional evolution model of community is not enough to explain local situations in China. As far as the action choices of local residents against outsiders are concerned, succession cannot be fully realized. It is only through the process of invasion and succession that a “mixed community” is finally formed.

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On the Education of Migrant Community and its Management Innovation: A Case Study of Shanghai

WU Rui-Jun

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (4): 1-6.

Abstract （1484）

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The large-scale aggregation of migrants in metropolitan cities results in housing segregation, and could increase the difficulty of solving the education problem of children of migrant workers. Findings from an empirical study in Shanghai suggest that the living condition and housing segregation of migrant communities has a negative impact on children’s social integration and self-identification. The increasing cost and decreasing gains of education result in a new spread of the doctrine that “knowledge is useless.” There is a “lowland effect” on the distribution of urban education resources and a structural imbalance between supply and demand of education resources for children of migrant workers. It is essential to create a new policy system of migrant management based on the concept of “integration” through institutional innovation so as to reallocate public resources such as compulsory education more efficiently and more reasonably.

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On the Issue of the Passive Urbanization of Suburban Farmers

WEN Jun

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (4): 7-11.

Abstract （1858）

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The conversion from farmer to urban citizen has long been the dream of Chinese farmers. However, in contemporary China, with the development of industrialization and urbanization, the conversion of suburban farmers to urban citizens has become a problematic phenomenon. This is because the urbanization of suburban farmers is a passive process which is institutionally organized. This passive process not only brings frustration to new urban citizens, but also causes new urban-rural conflict and potential social crises. Therefore, to find out possible countermeasures, we must take a close examination on problems of the new urban-rural relationship resulted from the passive process of urbanization of suburban farmers in China.

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Local values, Public Participation and Endogenous Barriers of the Differentiation between Urban and Rural Areas in Shanghai

ZHANG Wen-Ming

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (4): 12-17.

Abstract （1189）

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The differentiation between urban and rural areas has drawn attention from scholars all along. Economists, in particular, explain it from the most microcosmic perspective. As an urban-based society, Shanghai carries enormous differences between urban and rural areas, which however has been less studied. This thesis argues that the “local values” of rural society have been eroded and ‘enticed’ by the culture of consumerism. This leads to the lack of the identity of self-worth in the suburban and rural areas, and then the declining of local unity. As a result, suburban and rural areas lose the ability to resist the dominating of urban sprawl and change the situation of being deprived.

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On the Protection of Folk Belief in the Process of Urbanization

TIAN Zhao-Yuan

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (4): 18-22.

Abstract （1251）

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As a cultural legacy, folk belief plays an important role in both rural and urban traditions. Under the process of urbanization, folk belief is being excluded, and even on the verge of extinction. Therefore, protecting the folk belief resources becomes a crucial task. In general, the following three aspects are essential to the protection of folk belief and the promotion of its healthy development in cities: enhancing the understanding of the importance of the folk belief for the construction of urban culture; protecting the physical space of folk belief; and maintaining the community structure for those relocated residents.

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Radical Revolution versus “Conservative Alternative:”Reflections on Competing Paths toward Modernity in East Asia during the Cold War

CHEN Jian

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (4): 23-34.

Abstract （1432）

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As two different alternatives of modernity construction, radical revolution and “conservative alternative” were in antagonism and competition in East Asia during the early stage of the Cold War. “Radical revolution” seemed to gain the upper hand for a time, but it could not be so dominating as to exclude all “the others” thoroughly. After 1970s, the success of “conservative alternative” characterized by the rising of the “Four Asian Tigers,” together with the self-transformation in domestic and foreign policies in nations of radical revolution, has not only molded and remolded the construction of modernity in East Asia, but also led to the transform of the Cold War in East Asia. With the end of the Cold War, there is a confluence of radical revolution and “conservative alternative” in many aspects.

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Safeguarding the Soviet Union’s Strategic Interests in Far East: On the Origins of the Korean War and Stalin’s Decisionmaking Motive

SHEN Zhi-hua

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (4): 35-48.

Abstract （1621）

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By the end of 1949, Stalin had used every conceivable stratagem in order to prevent North Korea from launching a war of unification against South Korea. But by late January 1950, he suddenly had a change of mind and decided to wholeheartedly support Kim Il sung to achieve this goal. Whether or not the United States would intervene was only a precondition, not the end. To draw U.S. attention to the Far East was the end result, but not the motive. To encourage and promote the Asian revolution was only the superficial phenomenon, but not the shift in Soviet diplomatic strategy. The signing of the Sino Soviet alliance treaty in 1950 meant that the Soviet Union would lose its only exit to the Pacific Ocean and warm water port. Without doubt, this would cause great loss to Soviet strategic interests. As a result, the Soviet Union would lose its strategic backing in Asia. The reason why Stalin decided to support Kim Il sung’s attack on South Korea was that he hoped to regain, or safeguard Soviet tradition strategic prop in the Far East through this military action. No matter what the outcome might be, the military conflict in the Korean peninsula would guarantee Soviet strategic aim as designed by Stalin.

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On Compassion and Common Sense, as well as Compassion in Christianity and Buddhism

HU wei-xi

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (4): 49-58.

Abstract （1286）

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Religion is accepted because of its compassion. Every individual has a religious metaphysical impulse never releasing from heart, which desires a union with the ultimate reality of the universe. In this process, the sense of compassion appears in a deeply feeling of conflict between one's limitation and infinite, and a resultant understanding of the universal suffering and the tragic fate of survival. Therefore, compassion is indeed the pity for the tragic destiny of human beings. Compassion roots in our metaphysical nature and hence constitutes a kind of "common sense" of human beings, through which an individual realizes his or her belonging to a group. Combining with religious belief, compassion takes a form of "redemptive love" in practice, which means forgiveness and sacrifice.

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On Two Philosophical Approaches to the Meaning of Life

CAI Zhen

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (4): 59-64.

Abstract （1575）

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Starting from the reflection on myth of Sisyphus, we can find two major approaches to the meaning of life. The first approach attempts to explain the meaning of life by appealing to the concept of the final end of human life. On this line of thought there are religious account and the nihilist account, however, these two accounts fail in some important ways. The second approach is to find the meaning of life within human life, that is, the activities that we are engaging in and the attitudes that one holds towards them. Richard Taylor’s subjective concept of the meaning of life is a major representative for this approach. His position can be rectified against Susan Wolf’s challenges by appealing to Frankfurt’s account of human desires.

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On the Integration of Ethics and Morality: A Study focusing on Donald Dworkin

Zhang Rong-nan

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (4): 65-70.

Abstract （1136）

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In contemporary moral philosophy, ethics and morality are regarded as two different categories: ethics deals with how we should live our life, while morality concerns how we should treat each other. Ronald Dworkin tries to integrate ethics and morality by the principle of human dignity. He makes a special interpretation about human dignity by ideals of self-respect and authenticity. Dworkin wants to establish a system of values mutually supporting each other by interpretation. Such an admirable effort encounters some difficulties. For authenticity which involves the principle of responsibility is a first-person ideal, while self-respect which involves the principle of equal objective importance is a second-person ideal. They might conflict with each other when duty of aid is concerned.

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On Jacoby’s Discussion of the Tension between the Intellectuals and Utopia

QI Cheng

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (4): 71-77.

Abstract （1265）

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With the spread of the claim of the end of the Utopia in the world，the psychiatric diagnosis of the intellectuals has stalled. Jacoby, a Western Marxist, makes a close examination of social history to explore the tension between the intellectuals and Utopia. He discusses the imaginary space of public intellectuals and their hidden Messiah complex in the doctrines of Utopia. By clarifying the distinction between Utopianism and totalitarianism, he defines the genuine intellectuals and affirms the value of Utopia in an age of pluralism. With the conscience of a public intellectual, Jacoby provides his own way to release the tension between the intellectuals and Utopia.

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On Dworkin’s Holistic Theory of Judiciary

TANG Feng-He

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (4): 78-85.

Abstract （1209）

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In spite of their reasonable aspects, both of the backward-looking judicial mode of positivism and forward-looking judicial mode of pragmatism are biased. The judicial judgments of conciliationism fail to establish consistency between the past and the future either. Since its request to law is explainable judgments, Dworkin’s holistic theory of judiciary combines retrospective factors and prospective ones. Holistic judiciary defines contemporary law practice as an evolving political narration. Therefore it provides a coherent judicial model. However, being out of tune with the pluralistic moralities in modern society, Dworkin's holistic coherentism is subject to the attacks of Raz’s partial coherentism.

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On the Definition of “Returning Original Property”

MENG Qin-Guo, XU Jun

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (4): 86-91.

Abstract （1057）

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As far as the returning obligation of adverse possession is concerned, what should be returned is essentially not the tangible form but the special property interest of the original possessions. Since such property interest can exist in the property in a changed form, property right remains unless there is no property of any changed form, which is also the object of returning obligation of adverse possession.

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On the Subject of the Local Government Financing Platform in Economic Law

LI Hui-Jun

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (4): 92-97.

Abstract （1293）

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As an important vehicle for local government to conduct market activities, LGFP (Local Government Financing Platform) should have become one of the most important topics of economic law. The first issue is to define what kind of subject LGFV is in economic law. However, the relevant research is far from sufficiency. Traditional theory of economic law takes “government – mid-level subject in society – market” as a basic framework. While LGFV has a corporate personality, it executes the order of government. In addition, it lacks the independency of a mid-level subject in society. This thesis argues that LGFV should be regarded as a sort of sub-mid-level subject in society, which performs its duty entrusted by the government in the form of a market subject. Although this definition is optimal in the current system, it would be replaced by a more reasonable one with the deepening of marketization due to its innate defects.

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“Modernity” and Kubin’s Commentary on Lu Xun: A Methodological Examination on A History of Chinese Literature in the 20th Century

XIA Zhong-Yi

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (4): 98-103.

Abstract （1305）

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Through discussing his commentary on Lu Xun, this thesis examines the achievement and failure of Kubin’s taking a modernity theory as a methodology to study Chinese literature in the last century in his A History of Chinese Literature in the 20th Century. The achievement lies in the fact that his study deduces from “modernity” as archetype, via “Chinese modernity” as media, the political and ethical “obsession with China.” This is further considered as “Chinese literature modernity,” in which Lu Xun is examined. This shows a careful methodological reflection of Kubin as a senior sinologist. However, in his study, what Kubin attempts to do is nothing but take Chinese literature in the last century to illustrate the interpretation power of his theory of modernity. Consequently, his commentary on Lu Xun is not satisfying at all.

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The Silenced Body in Collective Anti-colonial Passion: An Embodied Interpretation of M. Butterfly

LIANG Chao-Qun

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (4): 104-109.

Abstract （1211）

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Most Chinese scholars examine the play M. Butterfly from what they call a postcolonial perspective, but their postcolonial criticism almost unexceptionally silences a crucial dimension—the body. M. Butterfly presents the human body as not only disciplined by but also deviant from power, as is illustrated by the protagonist Gallimard, who, in the process of fulfilling his bodily self, gradually rids himself of the discursive control of the imperial power.

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On the Structure of Poya Character System and its Stage in the History of Writing Characters

ZHU Jian-Jun, WANG Yuan-Lu

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (4): 110-117.

Abstract （1439）

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There are only three types of structure in Poya character system: pictographic character, associative compounds character and self-explanatory character, whose percentage is respectively 62.96%,30.86% and 6.17%. According to this situation, as well as the form, function and role of Poya characters, we can conclude that Poya character system is in the primary stage of the history of writing characters.

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On the Construction of a Trans-clause in Modern Chinese

ZHAO Guo-jun

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (4): 118-122.

Abstract （1183）

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A trans-clause is constructed by two or more than two clauses, at least one of which is a non-embedded dependent clause. A non-embedded dependent clause is not an element of any other clause, but it depends syntactically and/or semantically on other clause or the whole sentence. In order to give a throughout observation, a rhetoric -pragmatic approach is needed as well as a syntactic-semantic one. An exploration of the construction of a Chinese trans-clause may benefit both Chinese grammar study and teaching Chinese as a second language.

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An Analytical Framework of Gold Reserves Based on the Financial Stability and the Appropriate Scale of China’s Gold Reserves

LI Wei, ZHANG Kun, Zhao Wan-tong

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (4): 123-131.

Abstract （1416）

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The appropriate scale and structure of international reserves based on the financial stability is a research focus at home and abroad. It is generally believed that the totality of China’s foreign exchange reserve has been clearly excessive. This thesis constructs an analytical framework including gold reserves, financial instability, cross-border capital flows and variables of real economy, and consequently uses theoretical models and empirical methods to explore which factors are relevant to gold reserves in emerging market economies and measure the scale of China’s necessary gold reserves. This comprehensive research has some findings: a relative higher level of financial instability will directly result in a significant increased proportion of gold reserves; the ability of international reserves to withstand economic and financial crisis is limited; foreign exchange reserves and gold reserves are not simply alternative to each other. China monetary authorities should reduce the scale of foreign exchange reserves and simultaneously increase the scale of gold reserves so as to keep more than 3000 tons. In addition, the structure of the international reserves should be optimized to ensure domestic financial stability.

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A Empirical Study of Hedging Effectiveness of China’s Stock Index Futures

YE De-lei，GU Jing

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (4): 132-138.

Abstract （1288）

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Using EGARCH model, this thesis first investigates the hedging effectiveness of CSI300 index futures contracting with 10 heaviest warehouse stocks of the fund, and then investigates the hedging effectiveness of CSI300 index futures contracting with 10 stocks that are randomly selected from SME board of the Shenzhen Stock Exchange. It is found that the former hedging effectiveness is not very satisfactory, while the latter effectiveness is even worse. In order to offer more practical hedging tools, China should learn the experiences of overseas markets, and launch index futures on stocks of SME board and stocks of other industries as soon as possible, such as SME index futures. In the end, using the same method, this thesis carries on a simulative empirical test on the hedging performance of virtual SME index futures, which proves that the policy idea is worthy of being put into practice.

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The Persistence of Disaggregate Inflation and Its Implications for Monetary Policy in China

SU Zhi-fang, HU Ri-dong, WANG Hui-shu

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (4): 139-144.

Abstract （1285）

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This thesis applies ARFIMA model to study the dynamics of China’s disaggregate inflation and measures the inflation persistence of disaggregate inflation by using impulse response function. The results show that sub-components of CPI is neither a first-orderly integrated process nor a stationary process, but a fractionally integrated process. Moreover, the persistence of eight sub-components of CPI is different from total CPI. The persistence of residence and medical categories is relatively stronger than that of food, tobacco and alcohol, and household equipment categories, while that of transportation, communications, clothing and educational categories is relatively small. This means that there will be different lengths of time for each of sub-components in the CPI to continue variation after a shock, and the same monetary policy will have diverse effects for different sub-components; we must be cautious of the high weight and great persistence of food sub-component, which means that there will definitely exist greater pressure for total CPI if food prices rise. Therefore, monetary authorities should not only pay attention to the persistence of total CPI, but also take into consideration the discrepancy of inflation persistence between the CPI sub-components and total CPI in making anti-inflationary policies.

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An Empirical Research on Small- and Medium-sized Investors’ Satisfaction with Brokerage Business of Domestic Securities Companies

HE Xiao-zhou, JIANG Wei-wen

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (4): 145-151.

Abstract （1079）

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Taking the black box model of the satisfaction of small- and medium-sized investors, this thesis classifies and names the factors relevant to satisfaction according to the factor analysis of the first hand data collected by questionnaire and investigates into the key factors by using regression analysis. The results show that consulting and service factors are most important, and other factors, including hardware facilities, brand recognition and company location, are also significant. Therefore, securities companies should take corresponding measures to improve the satisfaction of small- and medium-sized investors.

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The Metaphysical Views on History in Confucianism: Ideas of “Occasion, Name, and Fate” as Illustrations

CHEN Shao-Ming

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (5): 1-9.

Abstract （1222）

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This thesis probes into the metaphysical views on history in Confucianism with ideas of occasion, name and fate as illustrations. The aim is neither to provide a philosophy of history, nor to study the theoretical foundation of a scientific historiography, but to reveal the prerequisites of Chinese traditional historical narratives under the influence of Confucianism by analyzing the history of ideas. These ideas are often not theoretical expressions; on the contrary, they are something inserted in the overall background of ancient life. They influence history, life, morals and religions. To understand this is not only to understand Confucianism and historiography, but also to understand our spiritual tradition itself.

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On Xunzi’s Doctrine of Rituals, Standards of Justice and Social Distinctions

CUI Yi-Ming

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (5): 10-16.

Abstract （1324）

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In politics, Xunzi argues for the government with rituals. Its main point is “the illumination of rituals.” What need to be “illuminated” are “standards of justice” and “social distinctions.” According to Xunzi, “standards of justice” are the value principles of rituals;” that is, “rituals” are morally justified because they conform to “standards of justice.” “Social distinctions” are the functional essence of “rituals,” and “rituals” are endowed with practical rationality because of “social distinctions.” Both “standards of justice” and “social distinctions” have rich meanings in Xunzi, and the relationship of them is fairly complicated. A deep examination of “standards of justice” and “social distinctions” as well as their relationship helps us understand the way of thinking, features of theory construction and historical limitations in traditional Chinese philosophy.

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The Ontological Implication of Mou Zongsan’s “Vertical Interpretation of Vertical Relationships”

YANG Ze-Bo

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (5): 17-22.

Abstract （1208）

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The “vertical interpretation of vertical relationships” is an important conception in Mou Zongsan’s Confucianism. This conception is aimed at arguing that conscience is able to create beings. With its creation, everything in the universe has its moral significance and value and every case of moral achievement changes: the sufferings and sins followed by sacrifice to achieve morality are transformed into special happiness. From this we can solve the problem of perfect good (summum bonum) in Kant. However, due to some defects in his ontology, Mou Zongsan makes much confusion which is difficult to understand.

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On Mou Zongsan’s Translation and Understanding of Kant’s “das Moralishe Gefühl”

FANG Xu-Dong

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (5): 23-27.

Abstract （1623）

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PDF （1765KB）（1969）

“Das moralische Gefühl” is an important conception in the moral philosophy of Kant. Mou Zongsan, who devoted himself in absorbing the philosophy of Kant in Chinese, interpreted it in his own manner in his translation of Kant’s Theory of Ethics. Is “das moralische Gefühl” an ability or an innate endowment? Can “das moralische Gefühl” be the origin of moral cognition? What is the object of “das moralische Gefühl” on earth? On these significant theoretical issues, Mou Zongsan’s understanding of Kant remains to be discussed.

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Jiangnan Cognition and Chinese Identity: “The Other” and the Formation of the Consensus between Hu and Han in the Northern Wei Dynasty

LI Lei

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (5): 28-33.

Abstract （1070）

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This thesis examines the northern society’s cognition towards the south and the impact of this cognition on the construction of its own culture in the formation of Jiangnan (regions south of the Yangtze River) culture in the Six Dynasties. In the northern society, there were differences in Jiangnan cognition between Xianbei ethnic noblemen and Han scholar-bureaucrats, namely, the different modes of understanding between heterogeneous cultures, and the different understandings of the roles of various kinds of local knowledge in a homogeneous culture. The consensus of the Hu and Han cultures in the late Northern Wei Dynasty was based on the cultural context created by Emperor Xiaowen, in which “Chinese style” of Jiangnan was set up as the spiritual criterion in the northern society. As the result of the cultural assimilation into Jiangnan, Chinese awareness in the northern society became apparent. However, this kind of Chinese awareness was to create a new culture beyond the south, which laid a conceptual foundation for the coming of the flourishing Sui-Tang age.

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The Development Stages and Characteristics of Cities in Jiangnan in the Qin-Han Dynasties

HUANG Ai-Mei

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (5): 34-42.

Abstract （1430）

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Cities in Jiangnan (regions south of the Yangtze River) had property of administrative seat of a local government in the system of prefectures and counties in the Qin-Han Dynasties. The development of the cities can be divided into three stages, among which the reign of Liu Bi as the ruler of Wu in the Western Han Dynasty and the Late Eastern Han Dynasty had witnessed the high-speed development of Jiangnan. This shows that the development of cities in Jiangnan was closely related to the rising of local political power in the Qin-Han Dynasties. In this process, the administrative levels of the cities were changed when the setting of prefectures and counties changed many times. Meanwhile, with the economic and social development in regions, some cities in prefectures or counties gradually strengthened various differentiated functions, including trade and business circulation centers, production and administration bases, and transportation hubs and ports.

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A New Study on the Book Inspection System in the Ming Dynasty: Based on Wang Dian’s Book Correction in Jianyang under the Imperial Order

BAO Shi-Qing

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (5): 43-49.

Abstract （1162）

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The regulation about book inspection was not strict in the Ming Dynasty. The central government’s intervention in local publication was inefficient, and did not send imperial officials to carry out special inspections. Thus the responsibility of the book inspection fell on the censors, who were in charge of cultural education, especially officials in schools. Most of time, book inspection was spontaneous, which made relevant policy unstable and unsustainable, No systemic law or regulation had taken shape. Consequently, as a very bright-colored and dazzling phenomenon, there was an active, free and pluralistic book publishing prospect in the late Ming Dynasty.

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Re-discussion on Discipline Construction History of Chinese Historiography in the First Half of the 20th Century

WANG Ying-Xian

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (5): 50-57.

Abstract （1435）

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Since the modern time, the traditional Chinese historiography has transformed rapidly driven by the dynamic new historical thoughts. During the scientification of the history studies, history of Chinese historiography gradually became a booming sub-discipline, typically demonstrated in the college education. After the relevant institutions, curriculum system, faculty and textbook matured, the intellectual and discipline structure of history of Chinese historiography was built on those elements. A review on the development of it will shed more significance on the present highly specialized history studies.

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On the Four Essentials of Jiangnan Identity

HU Xiao-Ming

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (5): 58-64.

Abstract （1340）

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In the progress of Chinese history and culture, there are the tangles and conflicts of such two lines: the obvious one is cultural blending, and the hidden one is regional identity. Jiangnan (regions south of the Yangtze River) identity is an important phenomenon in the process of cultural blending and conflicts. What are essential for Jiangnan identity are four kinds of identity respectively in cultivation, migration, aesthetics, and spirit of freedom. They connected with the historical, social lifeline of China itself, the endogenous modern spirit, the special form of universal values, and the cultural consciousness rooted in the native land. In the age of globalization, Jiangnan identity must actually help us reconnect our land, folks, history, meaning and life. The relationship between the Jiangnan culture and Chinese spirit also remains to be unveiled.

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Structural Features of Social Transformation and Its Performance in Contemporary China

DU Yu-Hua

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (5): 65-71.

Abstract （2225）

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As an important theme, “social transformation” is paid close attention by domestic and foreign academic circles. With the integral and radical alteration of the social structure as its essence, social transformation is featured by integrity, progressiveness, heterogeneity, overlapping and formality. From the perspective of the structural features of social transformation, China’s reform and opening course in the last over thirty years has experienced three different stages. China’s contemporary social transformation presents a gradual process from the traditional social structure to the modern one in respects of initiating mechanism, motivation source, main content, basic process, social impact, and general form. Thereby, it promotes to a great extent the social modernization and development of various courses in China.

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Understandings of the “Chinese Mode” in the West

CAO Jing-Wen

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (5): 72-78.

Abstract （1139）

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In recent years, China’s development road and development mode, as an important theme, have been paid close attention by oversea scholars. The majority of oversea scholars believe that the rapid rise of the 〖HJ1.4mm〗Chinese economy shows the existence of the Chinese mode. It presents a pattern with many features and originality, which differs from the modes of East Asia, Europe and the United States, and Latin America. The Chinese mode provides a good example to a large number of developing countries. It is conducive to the maintenance of the world peace and especially demonstrates that socialism has a bright future. Oversea scholars also analyze the existing problems in the Chinese mode. Although their points of view are not completely correct, they help us keep a sober mind towards the Chinese mode, and better promote the healthy development of the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics.

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Research on Goal Realization Mechanism of Fairness and Efficiency in China’s Real Estate Market

ZHANG Yong-Yue, WANG Yuan-Hua

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (5): 79-85.

Abstract （1255）

HTML （4）

PDF （1761KB）（1427）

Since the reform and opening up, China’s real estate market, which regards efficiency as priority, has witnessed its high-speed development. However, it also produced a variety of unfair phenomena. To develop China’s real estate market in the future, we have to deal with well the relationship between efficiency and fairness, and achieve the goal of the unity of efficiency and fairness based on social common prosperity. Therefore, we should establish four mechanisms: a law of incentive compatibility, government regulation on the market, the supply of indemnificatory apartments, and the efficient allocation of indemnificatory apartments. We should take positive measures to establish the housing security laws, carry out the survey of housing information to find out the housing situation, increase the effective supply of commercial residential buildings and reduce speculative demand for housing, increase the supply of multi-level indemnificatory apartments and improve its function, and to enhance the efficiency and fairness in the allocation and operation of indemnificatory apartments.

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Low Carbon, Low Carbon Real Estate and Economic Policies

SUN Bin-Yi

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (5): 86-91.

Abstract （965）

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Currently, low carbon real estate has become a popular choice for the whole society. The government adopts the policies of strong administrative interventions and subsidies to encourage low carbon real estate, but it ignores the indirect and invisible effects of the policies in the future. The government has not fully considered the negative impacts of low carbon real estate policies on relative prices, incentive conditions, competitive processes, supply and demand. The real basis for the development of low carbon real estate is to simulate the enthusiasm of social subjects of all levels by mainly taking market-oriented approaches through the use of low carbon energy policies of full life cycle.

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The Interactive Relationship between China’s Real Estate Prices and Inflation during 2002—2011

SHI You-Wen, MA Wen-Jie

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (5): 92-101.

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By comparing the national average real estate prices index with CPI data from 2002—2011, we can find that the interactive relationship between China’s real estate prices and inflation trends is very complex. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the dynamic relationship between them. In this respect, based on the theoretical analysis, we make a cointegration equation and a vector error correction model based on real estate prices, inflation rate, the general money supply, short-term interest rate and economic output in China from January 2002 to December 2011, and then proceed to make related test and analysis. The empirical result shows that: In the interval range of samples, there exists a long-term stable dynamic equilibrium relation between China’s real estate prices and inflation; in the short term, real estate prices fluctuation has a weak impact on the inflation, while inflation has a significant positive impact on real estate prices.

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Determination of the Impact of the Real Estate Policy Information on Market Value

ZHANG Bin, GU Zhen-Yue

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (5): 102-106.

Abstract （1111）

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Information is an important commodity in the informational society. How to determine the value of all kinds of real estate policy information in the real estate market is a research subject with practical significance. According to the determination of the impact of macro financial policies, land policy and housing reform policy on the price of commercial residential buildings through the synthetical model based on the study of all kinds of information value measurement, the land policy has the most significant influence, while the macro financial policy has relative high value coefficient, and the information value of the housing reform policy has a lag of a week.

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Discarding the West-centrism and Reconstructing the System of Native Religious Studies

AN Lun

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (5): 107-113.

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Created and developed in the powerful and prosperous period of the West, the theories of religion were largely based upon the model of Christianity. Because of their west-centrism, they lack universality and cannot properly interpret many religions including indigenous Chinese religions. Over the years, the Chinese academia blindly copied the theories in the West only resulting in creating much misunderstanding in the religious studies in China. Currently, intellectuals in the circle of religious studies in China have realized the necessity of reconstructing a proper system for religious studies. In this backdrop, it is more and more important to discard the west– centrism in the theories of religion with recognition of its harm to national religious research on the one hand and to reconstruct the system of religious studies for future religious studies in China on the other hand.

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Transformation of lay Buddhism in Modern Times and Its Sociological Significance: A Case Study on Lay Buddhism in Shanghai in the Republic of China (1912—1949)

TANG Zhong-Mao

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (5): 114-123.

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Lay Buddhism is the motivator and main force of the revitalization movement of Buddhism in modern China. Compared to traditional lay Buddhism, modern lay Buddhism has transformed in aspects such as its core members, organizational structure and social function. In respect of the core groups of modern lay Buddhism, massive people engaged in the newly developing industry and commerce and new intellectuals are interested and committed themselves in Buddhism study and belief practice. As lay Buddhists, scholars, thinkers and even revolutionists, they conduct Buddhism study and bring Buddhism to actual social life. In respect of organization form and social function, modern lay Buddhism has extricated itself from the traditional form of organization, which was dependent on temples and led by Buddhist monks. Lay Buddhists in modern times start to build their own form of organization independent of Buddhist monks, and conduct sermons and practices of proclaiming somebody as a Buddhist and Buddhist disciplines, study and preach, and wide-ranging social charity in various forms on their own. Therefore, in addition to theoretical studies of Buddhist doctrines and intellectual history, a sociological examination of the transformation of the organization form, core members and social function of lay Buddhism from the perspective, will help us not only inspect the complete picture of the development of modern lay Buddhism, but also understand thoroughly the social background in depth behind the transformation of modern lay Buddhism and the basic features of its rational proceeding. In this way, we can deepen our understanding of the interaction between “metaphysical theories” and “physical social conditions” in modern Buddhism.

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The Role Presupposition of Composition Assignment in China’s College Entrance Exam in the Past 60 Years

ZHANG Jia-Yi, Hu-Sheng

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (5): 124-132.

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Since the founding of new China, China has held national college entrance exam for 62 years, in which there have been 229 composition topics. According to the statistics of composition types and the analysis of high frequency words in composition assignments, there are obvious tendencies of “the exclusion of poetry style,” “the individualization in topic” and “being closed in answer,” which reveal the problems concerning the role presupposition of composition assignment and the expectation to the role of examinees. These problems remain to be corrected.

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How to Refer to Controversial Areas in International Journalism: A Case Study on People’s Daily (1946—2012)

HAN Xiao-Ye, FAN Zu-Kui

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (5): 133-140.

Abstract （1408）

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We begin to know something in its reference. How to refer to controversial geographical areas in journalistic language-for example, “Dokdo,” “Takeshima,” “Dokdo (Takeshima in Japanese)” or “Takeshima (Dokdo in Korea)”-concerns many issues such as how to keep objectivity in journalistic language, how to express precisely and appropriately the standpoint and use discourse power in journalism, and also how to protect national interests. According to the analysis of the corpus in People’s Daily from 1936 to 2012, the reference of controversial areas should follow three major principles of pragmatics, namely, journalism objectivity, national interests, order of pragmatics, and four sub-principles, namely, difference between the original statement and quotation, match between subjects and their behaviors, difference between direct and indirect quotations, and difference between title and text.

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The Intentionality Principle and Reported Speech in Criminal Court Trials

LU Jing-jing

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (5): 141-145.

Abstract （1107）

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In juristic criminal trials, verbal behavior is mightily featured by the interactive competition among three parties of defense, prosecution and court. Speakers’ intentions can be obviously divided into two types: cooperation and antagonism. Accordingly, reported speech in criminal trials can be “affirmative” or “negative.” Thus the “direct quotation” and “indirect quotation” in general sense have difference meanings in this respect. Furthermore, 〖JP2〗all facts in court are determined by reporting and the reporters should take their own responsibilities for what they report. Therefore, reported speech in court, whether it is affirmative or negative, whether it is the “direct quotation” or “indirect quotation,” will assume corresponding legal responsibility, which makes reported speech in court different from those in literature, news reports and academic articles.

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Reference to the Chinese Literature of Pinghua in Ancient Korean Chinese Textbooks: A Case study on Xunshi Pinghua

WANG You-Min, GUAN Xu

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (5): 146-151.

Abstract （1530）

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This thesis mainly studies the similarities and differences between Chinese pinghua (a style of storytelling popular in the Song Dynasty 960—1279) and the Chinese textbook Xunshi Pinghua in the Choson Dynasty from the perspective of language, content and style. By investigating the transformation and adoption of pinghua in the textbook, this thesis also explores the possibility of learning from it how to edit Chinese textbooks for foreigners nowadays. Firstly, Xunshi Pinghua changed the language form of pinghua and contained both vernacular and ancient Chinese side by side，so that Koreans could make good use of their ancient Chinese skills and improve their oral Chinese easily. Secondly, Xunshi Pinghua adopted the storytelling function of pinghua but made the textbook more interesting through some edition and change of pinghua stories. Thirdly, Xunshi Pinghua flexibly applied narrative style of pinghua. It adopted the dialogs between different characters in pinghua, but abandoned its description of scenes and characters’ psychology.

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A New Study on the Cause of the Disasters of Partisan Prohibitions: Based on FAN Ye’s History of the Later Han Dynasty

MOU Fa-Song

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (6): 1-16.

Abstract （1551）

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The three rumors recorded in the “preface” of “The Biography of the Disasters of Partisan Prohibitions” in FAN Ye’s History of the Later Han Dynasty, are not cumbersome meaningless words at all since they aimed at retrospecting to the cause of the Disasters of Partisan Prohibitions. The rumor in Ganling County was targeted on the supreme ruler Emperor Huan of Han. This actually heralded the “controversy of partisans” which “abused the imperial court”. Ganling county was divided into “the north and the south” parts and behind this was, the severe political competition between the powerful official LIANG Ji and notable bureaucrats LI and DU. They were also connected closely with the opposition of the evil and the just in the Disasters of Partisan Prohibitions. The rumors in Runan and Nanyang prefectures unveiled deeply the local social background and their institutional origin. Rumors in schools marked the formation of the public opinion in national intellectual circles. The systematization of well--known scholars based on the public opinion (all the scholars nationwide were called with names in sequence) showed that scholars were very self--organized and highly prestigious in society, which was regarded as the important characteristics of the noble family system later. The narrative of the three rumors in the “preface” of “The Biography of the Disasters of Partisan Prohibitions” conveyed FAN Ye’s understanding and interpretation of the cause of the Disasters of Partisan Prohibitions.

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BIAN Zhe

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (6): 17-.

Abstract （1086）

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Art Embodiment of the Tragic Character and Life Course: On the Poems and Essays of CHEN Bao--chen, “an Old Adherent of the Collapsed Qing Dynasty”

LIU Yong-Xiang

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (6): 17-23.

Abstract （1598）

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Among the so--called “old adherents of the collapsed Qing Dynasty”, many of them have outstanding literary talent. Due to the ideology and the doctrine that “each age has its own typical literature”, they were labeled with “fallacy in Tongcheng school” and “evils engaged in the study of Selected Literary Works” during the Colloquial Language Movement, and rebuked as “diehards” and “reactionaries” for a long time. Except mentioned and criticized in the study of the history of the late Qing Dynasty, their literary achievement has been unfairly ignored. Their literary works are hidden in cabinets and their names are buried in oblivion, leaving no record at all in history of literature. CHEN Bao--chen is a typical example among them. As works of an “old adherents of the collapsed Qing Dynasty”, CHEN Bao--chen’s poetry is the art embodiment of his tragic character and life course. Without unfamiliar literary quotations, his poems are characterized by peace and fairness. He uses idioms and makes vulgar expressions elegant. He is so good at using words, creating atmosphere, expressing deep emotions, and using metaphors and similes that he is able to move different types of readers. He is a talent poet. He is good at the septa--syllabic verse. With unceasing flow of words, his poetic essays are full of unusual ideas organized in strict tonal patterns and rhyme schemes. His essays in ancient style of are written in a free and natural way. Those written in his old age are plain and amiable in tone in spite of the fact that the thinking is a little jumpy and the narrative is a little complicated and confused. As his best essays, the memorials to the throne written in his early age are inspired, daring, valiant and express distinctively his concern about the country.

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Motifs and the Narrative Pandering to Noble Prize of Literature: On the Narrative Features of the Novels written by CAO Nai--qian, a Shanxi Farmer Writer

LIU Xu

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (6): 24-31.

Abstract （1266）

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CAO Nai--qian’s novels do have something special and distinctive. The narrative is quite simple and the strategy of keeping extremely backwards in narrating creates real and persuasive objective effect. Because of omitting and little narrate intervenes, there is boundless space for readers’ interpretation. The profound reveal of the poverty and ignorance in villages in China creates a unique world of Yanbei (regions north of Yanmen Pass) in terms of meaning instead of cultural object. However, with CAO’s indulgence in poverty and ignorance in his whole writing career, there are three basic motifs in his literature: poverty, ignorance and sexual desire. Each motif appears repeatedly in all his works, which means to simplify and defame villages in China. It is the narrative pandering to the Noble Prize of literature and the abnormal yearning for western identity that cause CAO Nai--qian to take himself out of the reality in China in his novels. This is a serious issue which Chinese writers shall take into consideration.

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Great Suffering and True Literature: On A Hungry Village, a Novel written by WANG Zhi--liang, a Professor of Russian Literature

MIAO Jun-Rong

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (6): 32-39.

Abstract （2443）

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A Hungry Village is the first work which directly and profoundly represents the tragedy of “people eating people” during “three years of great Chinese famine”. Suffering gives birth to true literature. The novel makes a literary reflection on the miserable historical event, which helps people remember and retrospect the history. Moreover, it also expresses the strongest desire from life instinct of the common people, and reveals the significance of the desire to the social development. What’s more, through the description of nonconventional, unmoral and anti--humanity behaviors such as “people eating people” in extremely arduous conditions, the novel discovers the profound contradiction in human nature and common Chinese people’s understanding of the ultimate value of life in great suffering.

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“Equality” in Contemporary China

GAO Zhao-Ming

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (6): 40-45.

Abstract （1303）

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Equality, as a modern value, is not the equality among social strata, but the universal equality. The core idea of such equality is the equality of rights. When asking “whose equality?” and “what kind of equality?”, we must distinguish carefully two levels of equality. In discussing equality in today’s China, we must be aware of what problems China has. The denial of the equality among social strata in a patriarchal clan system, the establishment of equal legal rights as well as the possession of minimum material conditions for a life with dignity-- all of these are still the main contents of equality. Removing inequality in our daily life gradually is a more expected way to realize equality.

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On Moral Issues of the Mainstream Culture from the Perspective of the History of Christianity

HUANG Li-Zhi

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (6): 46-51.

Abstract （1536）

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Christianity has experienced a conversion of “edge--center--edge” because of its cultural value orientation. There were two main characteristics in the spiritual world of the Roman Empire: materializing and hollowing. This actually was the historical condition in which Christianity spread and achieved dominance finally. Christian victory shows that a mainstream culture which can provide moral sublime is essential for maintaining a political framework. Medieval Christianity, which once flourished with the moral sublime, copied the corruption of the Roman Empire and eventually declined because of morality loss. In fact, regardless of its actual state, the existence of a society always depends on moral support, and this is a basic law of building the mainstream culture.

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Basic Environmental Goods and Rawls’ “Primary Goods”

WANG Tao-Yang

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (6): 52-58.

Abstract （1635）

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Whether and how can basic environmental goods be included on the list of primary goods and then become appropriate for Rawls’s theory of distributive justice? There are two main approaches to address this issue. The first approach is to extend directly the list of primary goods to include the basic environmental goods in Rawls’ theory of distributive justice, starting from the environmental dimension which has actually been ignored by Rawls in his understanding of primary goods. The second approach is to prove the rationality of including the basic environmental goods on the list of social primary goods by discussing Rawls’ discourse upon “justice in health care” in his later political liberalism and showing the importance of the basic environmental goods in respect of maintaining “minimum essential capacities for being a normal and fully cooperating member of society”.

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From the Said to the Saying: The Dimension of the Other in Levinas’ Doctrine of Language

WU Xing-Hua

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (6): 59-65.

Abstract （1334）

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Because Heidegger links language with being, Levinas thinks that Heidegger’s concept of language is still a traditional one, which takes language as the said. In this way, the non--being is subject to being and the other subject to the ego. According to Levinas, language is the saying primarily; the saying is more original than the said; the saying is the response to the other’s visage; it approaches and comes close to the other, and is responsible for the other. Thereby Levinas gives language ethical significance. The expression in his writings is very difficult because of the practice of the negation of the said and the overemphasis on the saying.

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Cosmopolitanism, the Debate of the Civilized and the Uncivilized, and their Variations in Modern Times

XU Ji-Lin

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (6): 66-75.

Abstract （1623）

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In the historical process of nation construction in modern China, the traditional Chinese cosmopolitanism and the debate of the civilized and the uncivilized, as historical thinking frames, still dominated Chinese thinkers in modern times. However, under the impact of the West, they had their modern variations. Cosmopolitanism, which considers Chinese civilization as the core, has been transformed to a theory of civilization which regards the West as the center. The debate of the civilized and the uncivilized, which is characterized by cultural sinocentrism, has been dissimilated as racism based on social Darwinism. Between the extreme cosmopolitanism and the extreme nationalism, there are temperate cultural nationalism and neo--cosmopolitanism. The complicated interaction and cross inlaying among them have had profound influence on the nation--state recognition in modern China.

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The Response of the Historian Circle in the Republic of China to Overseas Sinology

LI Xiao-Qian

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (6): 76-83.

Abstract （1345）

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Since the 20th century, scholars in European countries, the United States, and Japan have studied Chinese history and culture. Due to their scientific method, the discovery and use of new historical materials and the application of many languages, there was rapid progress in overseas Sinology, which virtually brought Chinese historians enormous pressure. HU Shi, CHEN Yuan, CHEN Yin--ke, FU Si--nian and other Chinese scholars took painstaking efforts to awaken nationalism, trying to recapture the center of Sinology back to China and to transform what was originally negative burden into a positive power, which to some extent made a prosperous aspect in the historian circle in the Republic of China. The development of historiography in the Republic of China, especially the fields such as ancient Chinese history, history of sino--foreign communication, history of the Mongolian Yuan were all affected by overseas Sinology. At that time, though the domestic academic circle was filled with an atmosphere of competing with Sinology, they in general held a cautious and rational attitude towards it, neither blindly praised nor totally denied it. However, the mainstream of the academic circle repeatedly advocated learning from overseas Sinology, which had after all objectively encouraged the abuse of foreign assistance and blind belief in foreign studies. This bad practice has not been changed till now. On the contrary, it becomes even worse, which can be the biggest challenge to the Chinese historian circle.

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Financial Risks of Export Credit Insurance System and Devising of Its Supervision

LI Ben

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (6): 84-89.

Abstract （1213）

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Export credit insurance, supported with national finance by governments, is a special policy which provides protection against risks for enterprises in economic activities such as exporting, investing abroad and foreign project contracting. The failure of investment in Libya fully revealed the incoordination in the overall design of Chinese enterprises’ “going out” strategy and lack of a cooperative system. The legislation of export credit insurance should not only seek huge oversea investment especially in respect of devising the centralized management with specialized departments for state--owned enterprises’ oversea investment and financial risks, but also ensure that the credit insurance company, based on its own state--owned properties, copes with its own financial risks so that it can have long--term operation. We should draw lessons from the related legislation in other countries, and build an organizational structure for the insurance company. The appropriate specialized department with centralized management is China Investment Corporation. Meanwhile, the author suggests establishing an “oversea investment supervision bureau” to supervise oversea investment and relevant organizations.

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The Doubts in Contract Theory of the Jurisprudence of Economical Analysis and Its Enlightenment: On the Theory of Efficient Breach

CHEN Rong

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (6): 90-96.

Abstract （985）

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The jurisprudence of economical analysis evaluates the validity of contract according to economical efficiency. Based on Coase’s theory and Holmes’s classical contract risk theory, the jurisprudence of economical analysis proposes the theory of efficient breach. The contract theory of the jurisprudence of economical analysis has been criticized for its individualism and instrumentalism. The theory of efficient breach, which explains rights according to efficiency, may hurt people’s substantive rights and then break the balance of the legal system. There are also fallacies in terms of ethnics in this theory. The compensation of damage to expected benefits is insufficient to remedy the loss of the party concerned, and even brings greater social cost. However, the contract theory of the jurisprudence of economical analysis gives us the following enlightenment: legal research can’t be independent of other branches of learning such as economics and more attention should be paid to the efficiency value of contract law.

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Public Recognition: On Community Correction from Perspective of Sociology of Law

LIU Tong-Jun, ZHOU Yuan, ZHOU Guo-Qiang

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (6): 97-102.

Abstract （1171）

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Public recognition of community correction is a new execution system that is recognized and accepted by the public. Public recognition is very valuable for the innovation and development of community correction. At present most Chinese are lack of knowledge of and have a lower degree of recognition on community correction, which will bring a negative impact on the localization of community correction. To enhance public recognition of community correction, the following means are necessary: firstly, to really reflect the people's interests and aspirations; secondly, to fully reflect people's idea of justice; lastly, to strongly foster a penalty culture of tolerance.

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Theoretical Reflection on Public Interest Litigation

ZENG Yu-Sheng

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (6): 103-108.

Abstract （1134）

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Public interest litigation is a new type of litigation different from traditional private litigation. It also provides a new system in which the common people can influence the public life. In definition, public interest litigation and private interest litigation should be distinguished according to “litigation request analysis”. The requests of public interest litigation should mainly be confirmation request or the request to stop infringements. Public interest litigation has many functions such as arousing the common people’s care for public affairs, making “dormant” laws and regulations to execute, stopping illegal acts in future and promoting the development of public welfare organizations. However, there is no real “administrative public interest litigation” in today’s China.

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The Change of the Global Financial Structure Strength in the Post--crisis Era

YUE Hua

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (6): 109-115.

Abstract （1300）

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The financial crisis erupted in 2008 has not only dragged the world’s economy into a recession but also caused the global financial structure strength under the Dollar--Wall Street regime to begin to change. There are some factors which influence the change of the global financial structure strength, such as the prevailing of hegemonism, the social allocation of capital, the role of credit rating and public opinion supervision in globalization, etc. The contest of the global financial structure strength often happened between the US and Europe. However, the crisis in 2008 offered an opportunity for the emerging market countries to become powerful. Henceforth, the situation that US dollar dominated the world has been changed. Although Euro “challenges” US dollar, it is tested by European debt crisis. Only the emerging market countries with strong economic growth have won more discourse power in the negotiation of building new international financial order. China should accelerate RMB’s internationalization and gain dominance in the international financial competition.

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Empirical Test on Influence Factors of Italian Sovereign Debt Crisis

SUN Li, LIN Ruo-Xun

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (6): 116-124.

Abstract （1104）

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In the spring of 2010, Greek sovereign debt crisis suddenly broke out, which caused the Eurozone that had not recovered from the global financial crisis to get into predicament that lasts till now. More and more countries which have larger shares of the GDP in the EU have been involved. This shows that it is important to study further on the factors that influence the European sovereign debt crisis. The empirical analysis based on selected Italian annual and quarterly macroeconomic indicators shows that public finance expenditure, interest rates and macroeconomic climate index have positive impact on the long--term debt. However, the exchange rate, long--term national debt yield and current account balance have negative impact. Moreover, public finance expenditure and exchange rate bring prominent impact on the scale of public debt through transmission in several periods. The European governmental authorities should carry out the structural reform starting from the transmission mechanism of the important variables so as to eventually get out of the crises.

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An Absolute Price Analysis about the Comparative Advantage Theory: On the Cause of the European Debt Crisis and the Reason Why the Marginal Revenue of China’s Export--oriented Economy is Decreasing

NIE Dan

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (6): 125-133.

Abstract （1742）

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Ricardo’s comparative advantage theory, which explains the competitive power of industries with relative prices of products, is not easy to understand. The author “translates” the relative price model of the comparative advantage theory into the absolute price model, not only to make the theory easier to understand, but also to point out a blind spot in the relative price model, and to illustrate how a country in which prices of all goods are absolutely expensive can manage to restore its actual comparative advantage through painful recession, adjustments among industries and price declining -- the so--called “surviving from the fire mechanism”. In this way a classical type of solution for the European debt crisis can be found. Furthermore, Ricardo’s “big country--small country model” can be expanded to explain why the marginal revenue of China’s and other East Asian countries’ export--oriented economy is decreasing.

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The Study of Australian Literature in China in the 20^th Century

CHEN Hong

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (6): 134-139.

Abstract （1196）

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The 20^thcentury was an important period in which the translation, introduction and criticism of Australian literature burgeoned and started to flourish in China. This period has witnessed the development from nothing to diversity, from single to ample and from surface to depth. Although this development is related to the social and political development of China itself, it is more closely related to the change of Australia’s international status and the development of Australia--China relation.

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Development of the Potherb Industry and Inheritance of the Potherb Culture in China: A Case Study on “Xian Shan Potherb” on Wudang Mountain

WU Xu

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (6): 140-146.

Abstract （1370）

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The potherb industry culture, which is regarded as “anthropology of food”, has caused close attention of oversea researchers for a long time, but the domestic research in this field still remains in a blank state. China is a country with rich wild plants resources and a long history of wild plants collecting and eating. In China’s present dual structure of city and countryside, the potherb industry as a newly developing green food project has been regarded as a benevolent project which brings benefits to citizens and profits to villagers, and creates mutual benefits to both city and countryside. Through the investigation of potherb industry culture on Wudang Mountain in Hubei province, we find that local villagers have formed a certain scale in respects of developing the potherb industry and inheriting the related knowledge and culture, which is a positive impact on the interactive relation between city and countryside. The fact proves that the development of the potherb industry and culture is conducive not only to widen the channel for farmers to become rich, but also to enrich the food structure in China, and to establish the mutually beneficial relation between city and countryside.

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English Abstracts and Keywords of Major Articles

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (6): 147-153.

Abstract （929）

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Total Contents of the Journal in 2012

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2012, 44 (6): 154-156.

Abstract （892）

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