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15 November 2011, Volume 43 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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“知识与行动”专题研究

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Radical Embodied Cognition vs. Classical Embodied Neuroscience ［Fa-］Anne Reboul 2011, 43 (6):  1-9.  Abstract ( 1339 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (1332KB) ( 1989 )   Save This paper tries to show that Chemero’s conclusion is unwarranted because it is based on a very restricted and oriented choice of cognitive processes. It is to examine further examples of cognitive processes, which have generally been seen as prototypical examples of complex cognitive processes, necessarily based on representations. Chemero’s eliminativism of representations is unfounded, and radical embodied cognitive science is not an effective research program.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Scientific Knowledge and Rational Action LI Quan-Min 2011, 43 (6):  10-15.  Abstract ( 1263 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (1267KB) ( 1545 )   Save Understanding the relationship between scientific knowledge and rational action is an important issue. In this paper, the conditions of rational action based on scientific knowledge are put forward and elucidated in terms of the results obtained through an analysis of roles of scientific and ordinary knowledge in action, and the influence of uncertainty in science to rational action is explored. Related Articles | Metrics

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Michael Oakeshott’s Discourse on Modernity in an Epistemological View LI Lan 2011, 43 (6):  16-21.  Abstract ( 1510 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (1254KB) ( 1885 )   Save Michael Oakeshott characterizes Western modernity in terms of rationalism. And the domination of rationalism, in his view, is an outcome of neglecting practical knowledge, a kind of knowledge other than technical knowledge. He argues for the legitimacy of practical knowledge and clarifies its role in human activities. As an application of the distinction between practical knowledge and technical knowledge, Oakeshott, in the domain of politics, emphasizes the value of tradition in opposition to ideology. Generally speaking, his endeavor, together with Michael Polanyi’s theory of tacit knowledge, is dedicated to the construction of a kind of general epistemology, which joins force with the trend of reviving Aristotelian practical philosophy in the 20th century. Related Articles | Metrics

哲学

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Truth Value Semantics and Commonsensible Reasoning Semantics of Deductive Logic FENG Mian 2011, 43 (6):  22-26.  Abstract ( 1297 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (1273KB) ( 1732 )   Save In truth value semantics, a simple formal semantics of extension, logical connectives are interpreted as of truth value. The main issue is therefore: logical connectives → and  in truth value interpretation are different from corresponding daily connectives, “if, then” and “if and only if”. Commonsensible reasoning semantics focuses on the reasoning meaning of logical connectives → and . With the help of daily language, it explains specific contents of logical expressions, and emphasizes intensions of expressions. Commonsensible reasoning semantics can be used to verify the validity of logical expressions. Thus it approaches a goal and ideal of logicians: valid forms of inference should be able to be widely used in various situations of daily reasoning. Related Articles | Metrics

冷战史研究

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Mao Zedong and the Eastern Information Bureau: The Transfer of Leadership in Asian Revolution SHEN Zhi-Hua 2011, 43 (6):  27-37.  Abstract ( 1432 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (1265KB) ( 2082 )   Save When the Communist Information Bureau was established in October 1947, Stalin had no plan to set up such a Communist international organization in Asia. On the eve of the total victory of Chinese revolution, Mao Zedong started to talk about establishing an Eastern Information Bureau with the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Although Stalin proposed that the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) should lead Asian revolution and agreed in principle to the idea of an Eastern Information Bureau, he was not in favor of immediate action. After hearing Moscow’s opinion, the CCP started to train Communist cadres coming from Asian countries. After entering the Korean War, the CCP gained actual leadership of Asian revolution. Although Eastern Information Bureau was not formally established, the CCP assumed the leadership in guiding revolution in Asia through opening MarxistLeninist academy and special schools to bring Asian Communist representatives to Beijing. In particular, the CCP gradually played a more dominant role in the Korea issue. After the Korean War, China and the Soviet Union advocated a peaceful coexistence policy toward the West. The issue of Eastern Information Bureau was no longer approached. China remained the center of Asian revolution until the early 1960 s. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Dissolution of Communist International and the Establishment of USSR Cooperation Strategy after World War Ⅱ CUI Hai-Zhi 2011, 43 (6):  38-43.  Abstract ( 1137 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (1281KB) ( 1441 )   Save Communist International (Cominter), which in its practical activities was responsible to carry out the world revolution, was not only a tool of the Soviet foreign policy, but also became its obstacle in certain conditions. After the outbreak of the war between Soviet Union and Germany, the establishment of international antifascist alliance made the relations between Soviet Union and America and Britain entered into a new stage. But, with a continuing victory of the allies against Germany in the war, the worry of America and Britain toward the Soviet Union increased, and this made the relationship between them fall into crisis from 1942 to the first half of 1943. In order to eliminate this crisis, assure the final victory of the antifascist war, and resolve the problem about the postwar arrangement at the same time, Stalin made a decision, as a friendly gesture to the West, to dissolve the Cominter in May 1943. The dissolution of the Cominter marked the beginning of postwar cooperation between USSR and U.S. and Britain. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Dispute over Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission between U.S. and ROK in the Perspective of “Alliance Dilemma” (1954—1956) LIANG Zhi 2011, 43 (6):  44-49.  Abstract ( 1453 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (1268KB) ( 2117 )   Save The new leaders of Soviet Union actively called for peaceful coexistence with capitalist countries after 1953, and there was a relaxation of tensions between East and West. Syngman Rhee worried that U.S. would abandon the Republic of Korea, as a price of buying peace. Therefore, he provoked a dispute over the Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission to create tension. The Eisenhower Administration believed that unilateral actions by ROK most likely started hostilities which would get U.S. involved. For this reason, U.S. used tactics of appeasement and pressure against Rhee. On June 9, 1956, the U.N. command removed the NNSC personnel from ROK and the dispute was settled. The dispute over NNSC between U.S. and ROK tells us that the main reason for U.S.ROK crisis of confidence is the difference between global considerations of the U.S. and local considerations of the ROK. The U.S. often examines closely the Korean Peninsula problem from an Asian or even global angle, and isn’t willing to be entrapped by unilateral actions of ROK, and the ROK always judges U.S. global and Asian policies on the basis of its national security interests and worries about being ignored or even abandoned by U.S. Related Articles | Metrics

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A Historical Investigation on North Korean Interns in Beijing: Basic Information and Changes of Policy DONG Jie 2011, 43 (6):  50-56.  Abstract ( 1259 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (1255KB) ( 1432 )   Save From 1950 onward, Beijing became one of the 39 cities in China where some North Korean workers were accepted and trained as interns. In this project of North Korean interns, the local government of Beijing followed every instruction from the central government and considered the whole program as a political task. It upheld the spirit of internationalism and provided these interns with care and convenience in every way, from their technical study to daily entertainment. When the local government of Beijing fell into a diplomatically passive position due to the leaking of new techniques, it placed priority on politics and generously made them available to North Korea for fear of damaging the two countries’ relations. The project of North Korean interns came out of the two countries’ agreement on the political objectives, and ended due to the deviation of their political ideologies. As an epitome of economic relations between China and North Korea, the project shows an influence that the political relation has exerted on the economic sphere, and also reflects a structural defect of the two countries’ relations. Related Articles | Metrics

社会学研究

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Georg Simmel’s Diagnosis of Mental Life in the Metropolis JIANG Yi-Min 2011, 43 (6):  57-64.  Abstract ( 1852 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF (1251KB) ( 1918 )   Save Simmel’s analysis of modern urban culture foreshowed a contemporary academic interest. Based on neoKantianism, Simmel made a distinction between content and form, and used the phenomenon of the metropolis as an arena to illustrate distinctions and relations between form and content. Simmel argued that the mental life of metropolis mainly involved as follows: (1) the intensification of nerve stimulation, (2) sense of interpersonal distance, (3) “blaze attitude”, (4) “indifference” and “reserve”, and (5) calculating exactness. Simmel believed that the above mental phenomena of the metropolis resulted from combining effects of monetary economy, division of labor, and intellectualism. Although his diagnosis was insightful and delicate, Simmel’s nonhistorical and sociological impressionist methods led him to cultural pessimism. Related Articles | Metrics

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A Study on the System of Educational Welfare for Vulnerable Groups in Welfare States LIU Xin-Min, JIANG Sai-Rong 2011, 43 (6):  65-69.  Abstract ( 1258 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (1254KB) ( 1372 )   Save To provide free and fair basic education for citizens, especially for those vulnerable groups, is a statutory obligation of a modern welfare state and an institutional arrangement of social welfare. The idea of an educational welfare system lies in that to offer such basic education is a duty but not “grace” or “charity” of the government. The educational welfare system must be legislated to form a multilevel and comprehensive legal framework to implement and safeguard all citizens’ equal right to be educated. The educational welfare system requires the government responding to demands of the time, if necessary, to try its best to take necessary compensatory measures for vulnerable groups to ensure their educational right. In the Outline of China’s National Plan for Medium and Longterm Education Reform and Development (2010—2020), a basic goal of equalization of public education services has been put forward. The implementation of such a goal depends on carrying out the idea of an educational welfare system and putting such an idea into systematic laws and regulations and practical policies. Related Articles | Metrics

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A Study on Impacts of Diploma Signal, Occupational Factors and Family Background on Educational Returns WANG Sun-Yu, FAN Jing-Bo 2011, 43 (6):  70-77.  Abstract ( 1309 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (1266KB) ( 1639 )   Save Generally, the study on returns to education started from the human resource theory advanced in the 1960s. Later, the screening theory and labor market segmentation theory have also been referred by this study. The classical Mincer equation assumes that the personal income is only affected by years of education and work experience. But in reality it is also affected by diploma signal, occupational factors and family background. By analyzing various factors which impact on returns to education, we can not only get a more exact rate of returns to education, but also can find values behind such numbers. The research result is that diploma signal, occupational factors and family background all have influence on China’s rate of returns to education. Impacts from occupational factors are the most significant, followed by family background, and the third is diploma signal. All this shows that China’s labor market is segmented, family capital can promote the rate of returns to education, and education mostly plays a screening role in China’s highend labor market. Related Articles | Metrics

法学研究

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The Applicable Manners of International Civil and Commercial Treaties in China and Their Improvements WANG Yong 2011, 43 (6):  78-82.  Abstract ( 1321 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (1266KB) ( 1502 )   Save In China those international civil and commercial treaties can be directly applied only in a limited scope and strict conditions owing to some reasons such as the constitution, laws and regulations, and judicial explanations. It is necessary to revise our country’s constitution and make specific legislations to define the law position of those accepted international civil and commercial treaties and clarify their applicable manners in China. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Construction of Legal Mechanisms for China Financial Institutions’ Market Retreat WANG Zhi-Qin 2011, 43 (6):  83-91.  Abstract ( 1276 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (1259KB) ( 1506 )   Save In constructing legal mechanisms for market retreat of financial institutions, three legal relationships must be dealt with well: government and market, efficiency and security, and readjustment and liquidation. This paper makes a study of a series of American countermeasures to financial crisis, and sorts out some valuable lessons China financial institutions can learn in the construction of legal mechanisms for market retreat. Specifically speaking, the measures include: establishing systematic legal mechanisms for the financial crisis precaution before crisis, constructing a perfect legal assistance mechanism and macroprudential financial supervisory mechanism. Related Articles | Metrics

应用语言学研究

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A Study on Forms, Functions and Writing Styles of a Minidiscourse TAN Xue-Chun 2011, 43 (6):  92-99.  Abstract ( 1306 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (1257KB) ( 1327 )   Save Through an analysis of Elevating the Report, a prized mini article, from an angle of “form function”, this paper makes a study on the author’s intention, selfwriting text, circulated text, publication’s metalanguage, accepted context and so on in order to show what the writing style of the article is and explain why it is so. Related Articles | Metrics

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A Tentative Study on Public Diplomatic Awareness in International Education of Chinese Language BAO Wen-Ying 2011, 43 (6):  100-104.  Abstract ( 1361 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (1262KB) ( 1747 )   Save The Chinese international education is popularly developing. However, the more it is developed, the more obvious problems of theory and practice are. And the most important problem is an inadequate awareness of “public diplomacy” that not only plays a dominant role in international relations but also is an indispensable part of soft power. The public diplomacy should be a fundamental topic in the Chinese international education. If a construction of the national image is a core issue of public diplomacy, then the Chinese textbook as a kind of national image rhetoric is one of the most significant routes in the Chinese international education. Related Articles | Metrics

语言文学

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The Fluidity of Sexual Identities in Patrick White’s Novels CHEN Hong 2011, 43 (6):  105-110.  Abstract ( 1462 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (1269KB) ( 1581 )   Save As the most renowned Australian modernist writer, Patrick White has been Australia’s only Nobel Literary Prize laureate. Himself a homosexual writer, White had been undergoing the suppression and repression of the then mainstream culture in Australia, and was only able to express his sexual identity and value in his literary works in an indirect and concealed way. The sexual identities in his writings are very often in an unstable and uncertain state of fluidity. The exploration of the gender and sexuality identities in White’s works is conducive to a better understanding of his insights into aspects of humanity. Related Articles | Metrics

金融问题探讨

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The U.S. Dollar Exchange Rate and Its International Investment Position WU Xin-Ru, PAN Ying-Li 2011, 43 (6):  111-115.  Abstract ( 1430 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (1258KB) ( 1452 )   Save This paper first establishes a dynamic model to describe the sovereign reserve currency country’s net international investment position to GDP ratio and its dynamic evolution. Second, a discussion of the international reserve currency country’s interest rate, exchange rate policy on the national rate of net debt (NIIP/GDP) impact is made. Third, it examines impacts of the recent low interest rate and weak dollar policy on the U.S. balance sheet. China, accordingly, should give up the way to reserve foreign currencies on a large scale, but reserve important means of production and other strategical resources. Related Articles | Metrics

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An Analysis of the Crisis Shock, Exchange Rate Regime and Monetary Policy Coordination FANG Xian-Cang 2011, 43 (6):  116-122.  Abstract ( 1495 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (1280KB) ( 1276 )   Save With the development of economic globalization and financial market integration, the economies in the world must attach importance to cooperation in the monetary policy and exchange rate policy. By building a two economy model, this paper analyzes respectively the Cournot game equilibrium and Stackelberg game equilibrium. At a time when a symmetrical crisis shock rises, the exchange rate regime will present a fixed or floating exchange rate. It is believed that the economies can enhance counteracting risk of adverse shocks through coordinating in policies, that is, countries in the world shall increase money supply and stabilize their exchange rates when facing adverse crisis shocks. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Volatility of Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Indexes and Its Dynamic VaR Measurement with the Copula Dependence ZHAN Meng-Ya, XU Wei 2011, 43 (6):  123-130.  Abstract ( 1381 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (1258KB) ( 1939 )   Save The paper uses an ARMAARCH model with three different types of noise to fit Shanghai and Shenzhen stock index return distribution. The result of the goodness of fit test with the stochastic simulation method shows that the ARMAARCH model with fractal Gaussian noise can characterize the volatility of Shanghai and Shenzhen stock returns, such as long dependence, fat tails and volatility clustering. Further, two different types of CopulaARMAARCH models are used to fit the dependence between Shanghai and Shenzhen stock indexes, and the result of the goodness of fit test with the stochastic simulation method shows that the CopulaARMAARCH model with fractal Gaussian noise can better characterize the VaR of volatility of Shanghai and Shenzhen stock returns. Related Articles | Metrics

房地产经济研究

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A Positive Analysis of Operational Performance Characteristics of the Tourist Real Estate Project SUN Bin-Yi 2011, 43 (6):  131-137.  Abstract ( 1196 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (1264KB) ( 1409 )   Save The tourism real estate project is an intersect industry. It has industrial characteristics of real estate development and operation and tourism service. The econometric analysis finds that the outer factors of operation performance are transportation, natural environment, location, brand and attraction of culture landscape, and the inner factors are investment level, ability of managers, tourist service, and attraction of tourism project. If the manager wants to raise his/her operational performance, he/she must not only improve the internal management, but also coordinate all of projects in the whole district. Only when the whole district has fine operation environment, can the project improve its performance. Related Articles | Metrics

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Affective Factors of the Real Estate Price in Medium Cities——An Empirical Analysis Based on the Hierarchical Linear Model WANG Sheng 2011, 43 (6):  138-142.  Abstract ( 1286 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (1256KB) ( 1564 )   Save The question of real estate price is a focus of society. With the economic development, the urban real estate price has increased rapidly in recent years, but the levels and increasing rates are varied among different cities. The object of this article is to analyze some factors which induce this difference among cities. HLM (Hierarchical Linear Model) is applied to make research on this topic for middleclass cities in China, and some meaningful results are obtained. Related Articles | Metrics

经济金融

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Australia’s Sugar Industry and Its Inspirations to China LI Hui 2011, 43 (6):  143-147.  Abstract ( 1388 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (1253KB) ( 2308 )   Save Australia is a major sugar production and export country in the world. The Australian sugar industry has accumulated rich experience through intensive production, application of mechanization, market and environmental management to maintain sustainable development. This paper starts with a brief introduction of Australia’s sugar industry; then it gives a deep study on the development experience of Australia’s sugar industry, and further examines the challenges to Australia’s sugar industry. Finally, some implications for China can be drawn to promote a steady development of China’s sugar industry and enhance its international competitiveness. Related Articles | Metrics